Gary Hart
Gary Hart | |
---|---|
United States Special Envoy for Northern Ireland | |
In office October 21, 2014 – January 20, 2017 | |
President | Barack Obama |
Preceded by | Declan Kelly (2011) |
Succeeded by | Mick Mulvaney (2020) |
Vice Chair of the Homeland Security Advisory Council | |
In office June 5, 2009 – February 8, 2011 | |
President | Barack Obama |
Preceded by | James Schlesinger |
Succeeded by | Bill Bratton |
United States Senator from Colorado | |
In office January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1987 | |
Preceded by | Peter Dominick |
Succeeded by | Tim Wirth |
Personal details | |
Born | Gary Warren Hartpence November 28, 1936 Ottawa, Kansas, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse |
Oletha Lee Ludwig
(m. 1958; died 2021) |
Children | 2 |
Relatives | Judge Advocate General's Corps |
Gary Warren Hart (
Born in
Hart sought the Democratic presidential nomination in
Hart returned to private practice after the 1988 election and served in a variety of public roles. He co-chaired the
Early life and education
Hart was born in
Career
Early legal work
Hart became an attorney for the
George McGovern's 1972 presidential campaign
Following the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, U.S. Senator George McGovern of South Dakota co-chaired a commission that revised the Democratic presidential nomination structure. The new structure weakened the influence of such old-style party bosses as Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley, who were once able to hand-pick national convention delegates and dictate the way they voted. The new rules made caucuses a process in which relative newcomers could participate without paying dues to established party organizations.
In the
United States Senator
In 1974, Hart ran for the United States Senate, challenging two-term incumbent Republican
In 1980, he sought a second term. In something of a surprise, his Republican opponent was Colorado Secretary of State
On December 2, 1981, Hart was one of only four senators to vote against[13] an amendment to President Reagan's MX missiles proposal that would divert the silo system by $334 million as well as earmark further research for other methods that would allow giant missiles to be based. The vote was seen as a rebuff of the Reagan administration.[14][15]
Hart cosponsored the
Conservative Republican Senator Barry Goldwater remarked of Hart, "You can disagree with him politically, but I have never met a man who is more honest and more moral."[3]
Like most of the Democratic party, Hart supported
Citing the increasing likelihood of an armed conflict in the Persian Gulf and his reluctance to "stay in the Senate and authorize and appropriate funds to send young men like my son off to fight that war,"[18] Hart applied for a commission in the United States Naval Reserve's Standby Reserve Active Status List program in the late 1970s. He was over the statutory age limit of 38 and had not amassed any prior military experience; moreover, in contrast to his stated rationale, this category "would not be called up immediately in the event of a mobilization."[19] By mutual agreement, Hart and United States Secretary of the Navy Edward Hidalgo deferred the consideration of the request until the aftermath of the 1980 election.[18] His application contained an incorrect birth date (November 28, 1937) that he had used inconsistently on official documents for 15 years.[19]
Following his reelection, Hart received an age waiver from Hidalgo and was commissioned as a
In a 2007 commentary for HuffPost, Hart asserted that his desire to "understand and communicate better with our troops" was the primary motivation for his appointment.[21] Although he "did not routinely fulfill [his] reserve duties" and "chose not to feature this experience in subsequent campaigns," he maintained that his service "helped [him] enormously in appreciating what our military does to make us more secure."[21]
1984 presidential campaign
In February 1983, during his second term, Hart announced his candidacy for president in the
Hart's media campaign was produced by
The two men swapped victories in the primaries, with Hart getting exposure as a candidate with "new ideas" and Mondale rallying the party establishment to his side.
Mondale gradually pulled away from Hart in the delegate count, but the race was not decided until June, on "Super Tuesday III".[30] Decided that day were delegates from five states: South Dakota, New Mexico, West Virginia, California and New Jersey.[31] The proportional nature of delegate selection meant that Mondale was likely to obtain enough delegates on that day to secure the stated support of an overall majority of delegates, and hence the nomination, no matter who actually "won" the states contested. However, Hart maintained that unpledged superdelegates that had previously claimed support for Mondale would shift to his side if he swept the Super Tuesday III primary.[32] Once again, Hart committed a faux pas, insulting New Jersey shortly before the primary day. Campaigning in California, he remarked that while the "bad news" was that he and his wife had to campaign separately, "[T]he good news for her is that she campaigns in California while I campaign in New Jersey." Compounding the problem, when his wife interjected that she "got to hold a koala bear", Hart replied that "I won't tell you what I got to hold: samples from a toxic waste dump."[32] While Hart won California, he lost New Jersey after leading in polls by as much as 15 points.
By the time the final primaries concluded, Mondale had a considerable lead in total delegates, though he was 40 delegates short of clinching victory. Superdelegates voted overwhelmingly for Mondale at the
This race for the nomination was the most recent occasion that a major party presidential nomination has gone all the way to the convention. Mondale was later defeated in a landslide by the incumbent Reagan, winning only his home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia. Many felt that Hart and other similar candidates, younger and more independent-minded, represented the future of the party. Hart had refused to take money from Political Action Committees (PACs), and as a result he mortgaged his house to self-finance his campaign, and was more than $1 million in debt at the end of the campaign.
1988 presidential campaign
Hart declined to run for re-election to the Senate, leaving office when his second term expired with the intent of running for president again. On December 20, 1986, Hart was allegedly followed by an anonymous private investigator from a radio station where he had given the Democratic Party's response to President Reagan's weekly radio address. That alleged investigator report claimed that Hart had been followed to a woman's house, photographed there, and left sometime the following morning. This allegation would ultimately cause him to suspend his planned presidential campaign.
Hart officially declared his candidacy on April 13, 1987.[38][39][40][41]
When Lois Romano, a reporter for The Washington Post, asked Hart to respond to rumors spread by other campaigns that he was a "womanizer", Hart said such candidates were "not going to win that way, because you don't get to the top by tearing someone else down."[42] The New York Post reported that comment on its front page with the headline lead in "Straight from the Hart", followed below with big, black block letters: "Gary: 'I'm No Womanizer.'", and then a summary of the story: "Dem blasts rivals over sex life rumors".[42][43]: 86
In late April 1987, the
The Herald published a story on May 3 that Hart had spent Friday night and most of Saturday with a young woman in his Washington, D.C. townhouse. On that same day, in an interview with E. J. Dionne that appeared in The New York Times, Hart, responding to the rumors of his womanizing, said: "Follow me around. I don't care. I'm serious. If anybody wants to put a tail on me, go ahead. They'll be very bored."[48] At some point, the reporters for the Herald learned that The New York Times was planning to feature the quote in their article on Sunday. When the two articles appeared on the same day, a political firestorm was ignited.[44] On Sunday, Hart's campaign denied any scandal and condemned the Herald's reporters for intrusive reporting.[49] Hart later noted that his "follow me around" comment was not "challenging the press with a taunt", but, made in frustration, was only intended to invite the media to observe his public behavior, and never intended to invite reporters to be "skulking around in the shadows" of his home.[50] "'He did not think of it as a challenge,' Dionne would recall many years later. 'And at the time, I did not think of it as a challenge.'"[44] Nor did Hart's comment influence the Miami Herald to pursue the story.[51]
The next day, Monday, the young woman was identified as Donna Rice, and she gave a press conference also denying any sexual relationship with Hart.[52] Hart insisted that his interest in Rice was limited to her working as a campaign aide.[52] However, as a New York Times article put it, "the facts floated on a sea of innuendo."[52]
The scandal spread rapidly through the national media, as did another damaging story about angry creditors of the $1.3 million debt Hart had incurred in his 1984 campaign.
On May 8, 1987, a week after the story broke, Hart suspended his campaign after The Washington Post threatened to run a story about a woman Hart had dated while separated from his wife, and his wife and daughter became similar subjects of interest for tabloid journalists.[56]
At a press conference, Hart defiantly stated, "I said that I bend, but I don't break, and believe me, I'm not broken."[57][58] Hart identified the invasive media coverage, and its need to "dissect" him, as his reason for suspending his campaign, "If someone's able to throw up a smokescreen and keep it up there long enough, you can't get your message across. You can't raise the money to finance a campaign; there's too much static, and you can't communicate. Clearly, under the present circumstances, this campaign cannot go on. I refuse to submit my family and my friends and innocent people and myself to further rumors and gossip. It's simply an intolerable situation."[57][58] Hart paraphrased Thomas Jefferson and warned, "I tremble for my country when I think we may, in fact, get the kind of leaders we deserve."[52][57][58] Hart later recalled, "I watched journalists become animals, literally."[50]
The New York Times opined that some compared Hart's press conference to Richard Nixon's "
Having withdrawn from the presidential race, Hart left for Ireland to spend time away from the media with his son. He rented a cottage in Oughterard, though he remained in contact with key members of his team. What news did filter out was that he was not excluding a return to the race.[60] The New York Times also pointed to his odd ambivalence toward the presidency even before being caught by "the system": "Only half of me wants to be President. [...] The other half wants to go write novels in Ireland. But the 50 percent that wants to be President is better than 100 percent of the others."[52]
His campaign chairwoman, Colorado congresswoman
In December 1987, Hart returned to the race, declaring on the steps of the New Hampshire Statehouse, "Let's let the people decide!"
A Miami Herald editor who participated in the paper's initial Hart scandal stories disputed the possibility of a conspiracy theory involving Lee Atwater as published in The Atlantic,[70] which described a reputed deathbed admission by Atwater that he had staged the incident with Donna Rice aboard the yacht Monkey Business.
Later career
This section of a poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous. )Find sources: "Gary Hart" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2014) |
After his Senate service and presidential races, Hart resumed his law practice. He remained moderately active in public policy matters, serving on the bipartisan
Hart gave a speech before the American international law firm
In late 2002, urged by former Oxford classmates, Hart began testing the waters for another run for the presidency, launching a website at GaryHartNews.com and a related speaking tour to gauge reactions from the public. He started his own blog in the spring of 2003, the first prospective presidential candidate to do so. After a few months of speaking, Hart decided not to run for president and instead endorsed Democrat
Since May 2005, he has been a contributing blogger at
In September 2007, The Huffington Post published Hart's letter, "Unsolicited Advice to the Government of Iran", in which he stated that "Provocation is no longer required to take America to war" and warns Iran that "for the next sixteen months or so, you should not only not take provocative actions, you should not seem to be doing so." He went on to suggest that the Bush-Cheney administration was waiting for an opportunity to attack Iran, writing: "Don't give a certain vice president we know the justification he is seeking to attack your country."[77]
Hart linked American energy policy with national security in an essay published in November 2007.[78] Hart wrote, "In fact, we do have an energy policy: It's to continue to import more than half our oil and sacrifice American lives so we can drive our Humvees. This is our current policy, and it is massively immoral." Hart currently sits on the board of directors for the Energy Literacy Advocates. He founded the American Security Project in 2007[79] and he started a new blog in 2009.[80]
Since retiring from the Senate, he has emerged as a consultant on
He has written or co-authored numerous books and articles, including five novels.[citation needed]
U.S. Special Envoy for Northern Ireland
In October 2014, President
Publications
Nonfiction
- The Republic of Conscience (Blue Rider Press, 2016);
- The Thunder and the Sunshine: Four Seasons in a Burnished Life (Fulcrum Publishing, 2010);
- Under The Eagle's Wing: A National Security Strategy of the United States for 2009 (Speaker's Corner, 2008);
- The Courage of Our Convictions: A Manifesto for Democrats (Times Books/Henry Holt, 2006);
- The Shield and The Cloak: The Security of the Commons (Oxford University Press, 2006);
- God and Caesar in America: An Essay on Religion and Politics (Fulcrum Books, 2005);
- James Monroe (in the American Presidency series edited by Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.; Times Books/Henry Holt, 2005);
- The Fourth Power: A New Grand Strategy for the United States in the 21st Century (Oxford University Press, 2004);
- Restoration of the Republic: The Jeffersonian Ideal in 21st Century America (Oxford University dissertation, 2002);
- The Minuteman: Restoring an Army of the People (Free Press, 1998);
- The Patriot: An Exhortation to Liberate America from the Barbarians (Free Press, 1996);
- The Good Fight: The Education of an American Reformer (New York Times Notable Book; Random House, 1993);
- Russia Shakes the World: The Second Russian Revolution (HarperCollins, 1991);
- America Can Win: The Case for Military Reform (Adler and Adler, 1986);
- A New Democracy: A Democratic Vision for the 1980s and Beyond (William Morrow, 1983);
- Right from the Start: A Chronicle of the McGovern Campaign (Quadrangle, 1973);
Novels
- Durango (Fulcrum Publishing, 2012)
- I, Che Guevara (as John Blackthorn; William Morrow, 2000)
- Sins of the Fathers (as John Blackthorn; William Morrow, 1998)
- The Strategies of Zeus (William Morrow, 1987)
- The Double Man (with William Cohen; William Morrow, 1985)
In January 2000, Hart revealed that he is the political thriller writer John Blackthorn, whose books include Sins of the Fathers and I, Che Guevara.[83]
Electoral history
Colorado United States Senate election, 1974 (Democratic primary):[84]
- Gary Hart – 81,161 (39.92%)
- Herrick S. Roth – 66,819 (32.86%)
- Martin P. Miller – 55,339 (27.22%)
Colorado United States Senate election, 1974[85]
- Gary Hart (D) – 471,688 (57.23%)
- Peter H. Dominick (R) (inc.) – 325,526 (39.50%)
- John McCandish King (I) – 16,131 (1.96%)
- Joseph Fred Hyskell (Prohibition) – 8,404 (1.02%)
- Henry John Olshaw (Independent American) – 2,394 (0.29%)
Colorado United States Senate election, 1980:[86]
- Gary Hart (D) (inc.) – 590,501 (50.34%)
- Mary Estill Buchanan (R) – 571,295 (48.70%)
- Earl Higgerson (Prohibition) – 7,265 (0.62%)
- Henry John Olshaw (I) – 4,081 (0.35%)
1984 Democratic presidential primaries:[87]
- Walter Mondale – 6,952,912 (38.32%)
- Gary Hart – 6,504,842 (35.85%)
- Jesse Jackson – 3,282,431 (18.09%)
- John Glenn – 617,909 (3.41%)
- George McGovern – 334,801 (1.85%)
- Unpledged delegates – 146,212 (0.81%)
- Lyndon LaRouche – 123,649 (0.68%)
- Reubin O'Donovan Askew– 52,759 (0.29%)
- Alan Cranston – 51,437 (0.28%)
- Ernest Hollings– 33,684 (0.19%)
1984 Democratic National Convention:[88]
- Walter Mondale – 2,191 (56.41%)
- Gary Hart – 1,201 (30.92%)
- Jesse Jackson – 466 (12.00%)
- Thomas Eagleton – 18 (0.46%)
- George McGovern – 4 (0.10%)
- John Glenn – 2 (0.05%)
- Joe Biden – 1 (0.03%)
- Martha Kirkland – 1 (0.03%)
1988 Democratic presidential primaries:[89]
- Michael Dukakis – 9,898,750 (42.47%)
- Jesse Jackson – 6,788,991 (29.13%)
- Al Gore – 3,185,806 (13.67%)
- Dick Gephardt – 1,399,041 (6.00%)
- Paul M. Simon– 1,082,960 (4.65%)
- Gary Hart – 415,716 (1.78%)
- Unpledged delegates – 250,307 (1.07%)
- Bruce Babbitt – 77,780 (0.33%)
- Lyndon LaRouche – 70,938 (0.30%)
- David Duke – 45,289 (0.19%)
- James Traficant – 30,879 (0.13%)
- Douglas Applegate – 25,068 (0.11%)
1988 Democratic National Convention:[90]
- Michael Dukakis – 2,877 (70.09%)
- Jesse Jackson – 1,219 (29.70%)
- Richard Stallings– 3 (0.07%)
- Joe Biden – 2 (0.05%)
- Dick Gephardt – 2 (0.05%)
- Lloyd Bentsen – 1 (0.02%)
- Gary Hart – 1 (0.02%)
In popular culture
- Hart appeared as himself on a May 1986 episode of Strange Bedfellows, Part 2").
- In a November 1987 episode of The Golden Girls, "Brotherly Love" (S3/E8), Dorothy's ex-brother-in-law, Ted, asks Rose what she does for a living. Dorothy cuts into their conversation and quips, "She's Gary Hart's Campaign Manager".
- Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young released a video satirizing the events of the Miami Herald's stake-out of Hart's home, and other events of 1987, in American Dream (Neil Young, 1988).[91]
- Chilean folk-rock band Sexual Democracia's song "Don't Cry, Gary Hart", a cueca sung in English, appears on their album Buscando Chilenos 2 (1992).
- In the final chapter of Susannah Deantravels to an alternate 1980s America where Hart is president.
- In his 2011 novel Then Everything Changed, author Jeff Greenfield creates an alternate history in which Hart defeats Ronald Reagan in the 1980 presidential election, following Gerald Ford's victory in the 1976 Election.
- The "womanizer" scandal involving
- At a 2015 concert in Denver, Bono of U2 recognized Hart for his work in the Irish peace process: "And tonight, in the room, I want to thank Gary Hart for his work in bringing peace to our country in Ireland. You worked hard on it, sir."[93]
- Hart is portrayed by Hugh Jackman in the 2018 film The Front Runner, which focuses on his 1987 scandals.
- The February 7, 2019, episode of the You're Wrong About podcast discussed Hart.[94]
- In the third season of the alternate history TV series For All Mankind, Hart wins the 1984 presidential election against Ronald Reagan's Vice President Richard Schweiker. He then wins re-election in a landslide against Pat Robertson in the 1988 presidential election.
See also
Explanatory notes
- ^ Dana Weems, who at the time the call was made, was a recent acquaintance of Donna Rice, stated in a 2014 article that she had been the caller.[44] Weems also "repeatedly insisted" that she had contacted the Herald only after reading Hart's "follow me around" quote, which was, in fact, only printed by The New York Times Magazine on the same day as the Herald's story about Rice's visit to Hart's townhouse.[44] She had denied being the caller at the time, when it was noted that Weems was not a registered voter, and did not match the description of being a "liberal Democrat", as the Herald reported.[45] In addition to Weems, Rice noted that she had told only two other people about the trip to Washington, D.C., Lynn Armandt, who had accompanied her on the yacht Monkey Business, and model Julie Semones, who had accompanied Rice on a visit to meet Adnan Khashoggi on his yacht.[44][45]
- ^ Hart has never seen Rice since she left that night; they spoke in one phone call in 1998.[43]
References
- ^ "Lee Hart, Wife of Ex-Senator Gary Hart, Dies at 85". The New York Times. April 11, 2021.
- ^ "Ancestry of Gary Hart". Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ a b c Garry Clifford, Peter Carlson, "Gary Hart: George McGovern's Whiz Kid Has Grown Up, and Now He Wants a Chance to Be President Too", People, (Vol. 20, No. 8, August 22, 1983)
- ^ Richard Ben Cramer, "What It Takes: The Way To The White House" (Random House 1992) pg. 340
- ^ a b U.S. Congress. "Hart, Gary Warren - Biographical Information". Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ^ Hart, stressing ideals, formally enters the 1988 race, The New York Times, April 14, 1987
- ^ Purdum, Todd (November 17, 2011). "Indulging Iowa". Vanity Fair. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- ^ "U.S. Senate: Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities". www.senate.gov.
- ^ Hart, Gary (January 17, 2023). "Opinion | I Was on the Church Committee. The New Republican Version Is an Outrage". The New York Times. Retrieved May 26, 2023 – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ Amy Goodman interview of Gary Hart "Fmr. Democratic Senator and Presidential Candidate Gary Hart: 'Both Houses of Congress Belong to the President's Party'" (March 28, 2006)
- ^ Nuclear accident and recovery at Three Mile Island: a report / prepared by the Subcommittee on Nuclear Regulation for the Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate, Washington: U.S. G.P.O. (1980)
- ^ "Nation: The Senate: Issues of Personality". Time. September 29, 1980. Archived from the original on October 22, 2014.
- ^ "The 90-4 vote by which the Senate approved the..." UPI. December 3, 1981.
- ^ Roberts, Steven V. (December 3, 1981). "Senators Reject Plan for Placing MX Missile in Silos". The New York Times.
- ^ Webbe, Stephen (December 4, 1981). "Reagan scorns Senate rejection of silo-based MX missile plan". The Christian Science Monitor.
- ^ a b Michael D. Scott, Scott on Information Technology Law (Third Edition 2014) section 5.01
- ISBN 9781933184197.
- ^ a b c "Sen. Gary Hart says he applied for a Navy..." UPI Archives. March 9, 1984. Archived from the original on March 19, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Shribman, David (March 24, 1984). "Persistent Question About Discrepancies on Hart Background". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 23, 2023.
- ^ Beatty, Jack (April 14, 1987). "Can Gary Hart Find Himself? : He Would Be an Active President--With No Joy in the Job". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 18, 2023.
- ^ a b Hart, Gary (May 29, 2007). "What It Means To Be Secure". HuffPost. Archived from the original on August 22, 2015.
- ^ "Raymond Strother: Political Strategist/Author (1940)". Museum of the Gulf Coast. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
- ^ Lindsay, Robert "Convention Sideline: Raising Money", The New York Times, July 21, 1984, pg. 11
- ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
- ^ Dionne, E. J. Jr. (September 18, 2014). "Gary Hart, the Elusive Front-Runner". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
- ^ Sheehy, Gail. "The Destruction of Politician Gary Hart". The Hive. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
- ^ "Lee Hart, wife of former Democratic presidential contender Gary Hart, dead at 85". FOX News. Associated Press. April 12, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
- ^ "After Sticking with a Troubled Marriage, Lee Hart Watches a Dream Die". People. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
- YouTube
- ^ Ed Magnuson (June 18, 1984). "Over the Top, Barely". Time. Archived from the original on November 2, 2007.
- ^ George J. Church (June 4, 1984). "A Big Bicoastal Finale". Time. Archived from the original on December 12, 2008.
- ^ a b Evan Thomas (June 11, 1984). "Last Call, and Out Reeling". Time. Archived from the original on April 21, 2008.
- ^ Gary Hart, et al., "Democratic National Convention Day 3" C-SPAN. (July 18, 1984)
- ^ Phil Hirschkorn, "America's Last Great Convention: Mondale, Jackson & Hart Dish To Salon About Wild 1984 DNC", Salon. (February 15, 2015)
- ^ Johnson, David (June 7, 1987). "Hart's Link to 2d Woman was Found by a Private Detective". The New York Times. p. 34.
- ^ Dillin, John (February 23, 1987). "Cuomo's 'no' opens door for dark horses". The Christian Science Monitor.
- ^ Dionne, E. J. Jr. (January 25, 1987). "Poll Gives Hart and Bush Clear Leads for Nominations". The New York Times. p. 18.
- ^ Gary Hart, Senator Gary Hart Statement Of Candidacy (April 13, 1987)
- ^ Toner, Robin (April 14, 1987). "Hart, Stressing Ideals, Formally Enters the 1988 Race". The New York Times. p. A16.
It's an issue of recapturing our basic principles, beliefs and values.
- ^ Gary Hart Campaign Rally. C-SPAN. April 14, 1987.
- ^ Coates, James (April 14, 1987). "Hart Starts March For The White House: A 'Deadly Serious' Campaign Ahead". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ a b Safire, William (May 3, 1987). "On Language; Vamping Till Ready". The New York Times Magazine.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-30-727338-3.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Bai, Matt (September 18, 2014). "How Gary Hart's Downfall Forever Changed American Politics". The New York Times Magazine.
- ^ a b "Rice Suspects Model Spilled Hart Beans". Orlando Sentinel. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. May 18, 1987.
- ISBN 9780394570594.
- ^ a b c "The Gary Hart Story: How It Happened". Miami Herald. May 10, 1987.
- ^ Dionne, E. J. Jr. (May 3, 1987). "Gary Hart, the Elusive Front-Runner". The New York Times Magazine. p. SM28. Archived from the original on September 22, 2014. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
- ^ Dionne, E. J. Jr. (May 4, 1987). "Paper and Hart in Dispute Over Article". The New York Times. p. A16.
- ^ a b Dowd, Maureen (March 22, 1998). "Liberties; Change of Hart". The New York Times.
- ^ Savage, James (March 31, 1998). "Following Gary Hart". The New York Times.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Johnston, David; King, Wayne; Nordheimer, Jon (May 9, 1987). "Courting Danger: The Fall Of Gary Hart". The New York Times.
- ^ Gary Hart, "Hart News Conference", C-SPAN (May 6, 1987)
- ISBN 978-0307273383. p. 136.
- ^ Dillin, John (May 12, 1987). "Press Unfair to Hart? Polls Show Public Concern; Experts Back Tough Scrutiny". The Christian Science Monitor.
- ISBN 978-0307273383. p. 129.
- ^ a b c Hart First Withdrawal. C-SPAN. May 8, 1987.
- ^ a b c "Transcript Of Hart Statement Withdrawing His Candidacy". The New York Times. May 8, 1987. p. 9.
- ^ a b "Nixon, Dixon and Hart". Opinion. The New York Times. July 16, 1987. p. A26.
- ^ "Gary Hart Leaves Ireland After Three-Week Holiday". Associated Press News. August 25, 1987.
- ^ Weaver, Warren Jr. (September 29, 1987). "Schroeder, Assailing 'the System,' Decides Not to Run for President". The New York Times.
- ^ Drogin, Bob (December 16, 1987). "Hart Back in Race for President: Political World Stunned, Gives Him Little Chance". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ a b c Hart Announcement: Re-Entry Into Campaign. C-SPAN. December 15, 1987.
- ^ Hart Re-entry into Presidential Race. C-SPAN. December 16, 1987. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ Berke, Richard L. (January 10, 1988). "The Nation; Hart's 1984 Debts Make The 1988 Campaigns Nervous". The New York Times.
- ^ Berke, Richard L. (January 22, 1988). "Hart's Advisers Deny New Charges, but Are Fearful of Impact". The New York Times.
- ^ "History of Presidential Debates at Dartmouth: 1988: 'Presidency in the 200th Year of the Constitution'". Dartmouth College. November 19, 2014. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
- ^ "Quits Campaign: 'The People Have Decided,' Hart Declares". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. March 13, 1988.
- ^ Hart Second Withdrawal. C-SPAN. March 11, 1988.
- ^ Savage, James (October 20, 2018). "Was Gary Hart Set Up?". The Atlantic.
- ^ a b Talbot, David (April 2, 2004). "Condi Rice's other wake-up call". Salon.com. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
- ^ Bauch, Hubert (September 6, 2001). "Terror risk real: Hart". Montreal Gazette. p. 8A. Archived from the original on December 18, 2001.
- ^ Gary Hart, WABC interview with John Batchelor and Paul Alexander, May 28, 2002.
- ^ "Gary Hart | HuffPost". www.huffingtonpost.com.
- ^ Membership roaster cfr.org
- ^ "ReFormers Caucus". Issue One. May 26, 2023. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
- ^ Gary Hart. "Unsolicited Advice to the Government of Iran"
- ^ Gary Hart essay Archived January 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "American Security Project - National Security - Strategic Issues - American Security Project". Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ Gary Hart Matters of Principle Archived September 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lara Jakes (October 21, 2014). "Ex-presidential candidate Gary Hart named envoy to Northern Ireland". US News. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
- ^ Berman, Russell (October 21, 2014). "The Gary Hart Renaissance". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ "Gary Hart comes out - January 24, 2000". Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - CO US Senate - D Primary Race - Sep 10, 1974". Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - CO US Senate Race - Nov 05, 1974". Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - CO US Senate Race - Nov 04, 1980". Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - US President - D Primaries Race - Feb 20, 1984". Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - US President - D Convention Race - Jul 16, 1984". Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - US President - D Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1988". Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - US President - D Convention Race - Jul 18, 1988". Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "crosby stills nash and young - american dream". YouTube. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ "I Don't Have to Answer That". radiolab. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Tbradford (June 7, 2015). "U2 Concert Denver Colorado Pride 2015". Retrieved January 13, 2017 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Gary Hart".
Further reading
- Matt Bai (2015). All the Truth Is Out: The Week Politics Went Tabloid. Vintage. ISBN 978-0307474681.
External links
- Source material: Biographical Database of the U.S. Congress: HART, Gary Warren, 1936–
- Ferguson, Andrew (January 24, 2000). "Gary Hart comes out". Time. Archived from the original on March 6, 2005. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
- "Senator Gary Hart Challenges the Unholy Alliance of 'Faith' and Government". Retrieved September 24, 2010.
- "Transcript and audio of interview with Hart conducted by Democracy Now!". Democracy Now!. Archived from the original on November 14, 2007. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
- "Video interviews/conversations with Hart by Robert Wright". Bloggingheads.tv. Retrieved September 24, 2010.
- Appearances on C-SPAN