Gaston, Duke of Orléans
Gaston | |||||
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Royal Basilica, Saint Denis | |||||
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House | Bourbon | ||||
Father | Henry IV of France | ||||
Mother | Marie de' Medici | ||||
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Monsieur Gaston, Duke of Orléans (Gaston Jean Baptiste; 24 April 1608 – 2 February 1660), was the third son of King Henry IV of France and his second wife, Marie de' Medici. As a son of the king, he was born a Fils de France. He later acquired the title Duke of Orléans, by which he was generally known during his adulthood. As the eldest surviving brother of King Louis XIII, he was known at court by the traditional honorific Monsieur.
Early life
On two occasions, he had to leave France for conspiring against the government of his brother and his
Soon afterwards, the same process repeated itself. Orléans conspired with
Marriages
Gaston first married on 6 August 1626, at Nantes to Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier, daughter and heiress of Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier.[5] They had a daughter, Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier (29 May 1627 – 5 April 1693), called Mademoiselle de Montpensier, but later being best known as the Grande Mademoiselle.
Marie de Bourbon died six days after giving birth (4 June 1627), leaving her daughter the last of the line of the Montpensier line of the House of Bourbon.
While taking refuge from the wrath of Cardinal Richelieu in
But in November of that year,
By right of her marriage, Marguerite became known as Madame at court. After the death of his mother in 1642, Gaston was bequeathed the
Marguerite and Gaston d'Orléans had five children, of whom three daughters survived into adulthood:
- Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscanyand had issue-but line died out.
- Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans (26 December 1646 – 17 March 1696) married Louis Joseph of Lorraine, Duke of Guise and had issue-but line died out.
- Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans (13 October 1648 – 14 January 1664) married Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy but died childless.
- Jean Gaston d'Orléans, Duke of Valois (17 August 1650 – 10 August 1652) died in infancy.
- Marie Anne d'Orléans (9 November 1652 – 17 August 1656) died in infancy.
Gaston had an illegitimate daughter by Marie Porcher:[7]
- Marie bâtarde d'Orléans (1 January 1631, Paris – ?).
He also had an illegitimate son by Louise-Roger de La Marbelière:
- Louis bâtard d'Orléans, chevalier de Charny, (13 January 1638, Joué les Tours – 1692, Spain), later General under the service of Spain.
Later life
After the death of Gaston's brother Louis XIII in 1643, his nephew
After the
Ancestors
Ancestors of Gaston of France | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also
- Charles de Lorme, personal medical doctor to Gaston
- List of works by James Pradier
References
- ISBN 0-520-06485-2
- ISBN 0-8018-6466-6
- ^ Patmore, Katherine, The Court of Louis XIII, Methuen & Co, 1909, p. 144.
- ^ a b c Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Pitts, Vincent Joseph. La Grande Mademoiselle at the Court of France, p. 2
- ^ Campagnes de Charles IV, duc de Lorraine et de Bar, en Allemagne, en Lorraine et en Franche-Comté, 1634-1638, d'après des documents inédits, par F. des Robert, Paris, Nancy, 1883, p. 336.
- ^ Revue 1875.
- ^ a b Anselme 1726, pp. 143–144.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-06-074493-9. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
- ^ a b Anselme 1726, pp. 328–329.
- ^ a b Anselme 1726, p. 211.
- ^ a b "The Medici Granducal Archive and the Medici Archive Project" (PDF). p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 January 2006.
- ^ Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 290 – via Wikisource. .
- Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Père (1726). Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France [Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France] (in French). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires.
- Gaston Jean Baptiste de France Duc d'Orléans
- Revue nobilaire, heraldique et biographique [Aristocratic, heraldic and biographical journal.] (in French). Vol. 12. France: Dumoulin. 1875. p. 503.
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Orleans, Jean Baptiste Gaston, Duke of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 284. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the