Gastric folds
Gastric folds | |
---|---|
Details | |
Identifiers | |
Latin | plicae gastricae |
TA98 | A05.5.01.028 |
TA2 | 2915 |
FMA | 75653 |
Anatomical terminology |
The gastric folds (or gastric mechanoreceptors, which respond to the increase in pressure.[2] This allows the stomach to expand, therefore increasing the volume of the stomach without increasing pressure.[2] They also provide the stomach with an increased surface area for nutrient absorption during digestion.[2] Gastric folds may be seen during esophagogastroduodenoscopy or in radiological studies.[3][4]
Layers
The gastric folds consist of two layers:
- Mucosal layer - This layer releases stomach acid. It is the innermost layer of the stomach.[5] It is affected by the hormone histamine, which signals it to release hydrochloric acid (HCl).
- Sub-mucosal layer - This layer consists of different vessels and nerves, ganglion neurons, and adipose tissue. It is the second layer of the stomach and supports the mucosa.[6]
Clinical significance
Thickening of the gastric folds may be observed by endoscopy or radiography and may aid in the differential diagnosis of many disease processes including:[3]
- Gastritis
- The folds become very thick due to inflammation.[7]
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Ulcers cause breaks in the mucosa and cause erosion of the sub-mucosa.
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- Gastrin levels increase due to tumors, which cause an increase in the gastric fold size.[7]
- Ménétrier's disease
- The mucosa pits are in excess causing thickening of the folds.[7]
- Carcinoma
- Helicobacter pylori infection
- Causes inflammation of the folds.
- Gastric syphilis[8]
- Cytomegalovirus
- Mucosa change shape causing rugae enlargement.[9]
- Sarcoidosis
- Causes thickening of the folds.
References
- OCLC 171614173.
- ^ OCLC 786272310.
- ^ )
- ^ "The Stomach and Its Role in Digestion". www.laparoscopic.md. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
- ^ Taylor, Tim. "Stomach". InnerBody. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
- ^ "Stomach". BioNet. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
- ^ a b c "Gastritis, Giant Hypertrophic - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Retrieved 9 December 2017.
- PMID 1096590. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
- ^ Dughera, Francesca; Baino, Sara. "Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome". flipper.diff.org. Retrieved 9 December 2017.