RAF Gatow

Coordinates: 52°28′28″N 13°08′17″E / 52.47444°N 13.13806°E / 52.47444; 13.13806
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Gatow Airport
)

RAF Gatow
AMSL
Runways
Direction Length and surface
08R/26L 1,842 metres (6,043 ft) Asphalt
08L/26R  Asphalt
NoteLuftwaffe airfield opened by Adolf Hitler in 1935.[1]
Station badge

Royal Air Force Gatow, or more commonly RAF Gatow, was a British

Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr, the German Air Force
Museum.

Also on the site of the former

Berlin-Kladow
.

History

Luftwaffe use, 1934–1945

The airfield was originally constructed in 1934 and 1935 by the

Naval Academy Mürwik. Opened on 1 April 1936, the air force college was renamed Luftkriegsschule 2 on 15 January 1940. Its satellite airfields were Güterfelde and Reinsdorf
. Airborne flying training ended in October 1944, due to fuel shortages. From 5 March 1945, aircrew officer cadets were retrained as paratroops, for ground operations which had very high casualties.

Clues to the airfield's original use survive in the barrack block accommodation, each block of which was named after a famous German airman of the

Tempelhof Airport. Other surviving features during the entire period of the airfield's use as RAF Gatow (1945–1994) included light bulbs in the main hangars
, many of which dated from the 1930s.

UK Royal Air Force and Army Air Corps use

1945–1948

Late April 1945, towards the end of the

Berlin Airlift
.

U.S. Army Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and Lucius D. Clay at RAF Gatow during the Potsdam Conference in 1945

The first landing by a

serial number PW698 on 2 July 1945 at 11.55 hours. Initially, Gatow was called Intermediate Landing Place No. 19, but on 19 August 1945 was renamed Royal Air Force Gatow, or RAF Gatow for short. The Station was given the Latin
motto Pons Heri Pons Hodie, which may be translated as A bridge yesterday, a bridge today.

Among the aircrew who flew in to RAF Gatow was the then RAF Navigator Errol Barrow. During his distinguished RAF career, Barrow was posted to the personal flight of the Commander-in-Chief of the British occupation zone in Germany, Sir Sholto Douglas, as his Navigator. Douglas and Barrow became friends, and Douglas made Barrow Godfather to his only child. Barrow went on to be instrumental in achieving Barbados' independence and was the first and third Prime Minister of Barbados.[2]

RAF Gatow was also used as a civilian airport for a limited time. In 1946, British European Airways (BEA) inaugurated an RAF NortholtHamburg – Gatow scheduled service at a frequency of six flights a week, using Douglas DC-3 ("Pionair" in BEA terminology) and Vickers VC.1 Viking piston-engined aircraft.[3]

Berlin Airlift, 1948–1949

The Station was modernised with a 2,000 yards (1,800 m) long concrete runway, using 794 German workers, in March 1947. Along with the

Tegel, RAF Gatow played a key role in the Berlin airlift of 1948. Initially, about 150 Douglas Dakotas and 40 Avro Yorks
were used to fly supplies into Gatow. By 18 July 1948, the RAF was flying 995 tons of supplies per day into the airfield.

Alongside the Royal Air Force and various British civil aviation companies, the United States Air Force, the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) and the South African Air Force all flew supplies into RAF Gatow during the Airlift.

On 20 June 1980, the Royal Australian Air Force presented a

RAF serial number ZD215. The Dakota is still at Gatow, inside the German Air Force
barracks.

An RAF Handley Page Hastings

In November 1948, the latest RAF transport aircraft, the

Skyways.[4]
By mid-April, the combined airlift of all nations' operations managed to make 1,398 flights in 24 hours, carrying 12,940 tons (13,160 t) of goods, coal and machinery, beating their record of 8,246 (8,385 t) set only days earlier.

Berlin Airlift

RAF Gatow has the unique and unlikely distinction of being the base for the only known operational use of

Short Hythe flying boats, flying from Finkenwerder on the Elbe near Hamburg to Berlin. These were supplemented by the flying boat operations of Aquila Airways, an early post-war British independent airline that became an operating division of British Aviation Services. The flying boats' specialty was transporting bulk salt, which would have been very corrosive to other aircraft, but was not as corrosive to the flying boats because of their anodised skins.[5]

The novel Air Bridge by Hammond Innes is partially set in RAF Gatow at the time of the Berlin Airlift, and is notable for its accurate descriptions of the Station, including corridors and rooms within it. Some of the descriptions were still accurate some 40 years after the book's publication.

1949–1994

After the Berlin Blockade, RAF Gatow served as an airfield for the British Army's Berlin Infantry Brigade, and was prepared to revert to its role as a supply base, if another Berlin Airlift to West Berlin ever became necessary.

BEA moved to

Queen Elizabeth and other members of the British royal family, which frequently took place over the years. The airport also handled trooping flights operated by British independent airlines such as British United Airways,[6] Britannia Airways[7] and Autair/Court Line[8][9] under contract to the MoD
.

De Havilland Chipmunk
T10

The RAF Gatow Station Flight used two de Havilland Canada DHC-1 Chipmunk T.10s, one of which is now owned by the Alliiertenmuseum, to maintain and exercise the British legal right under the Potsdam Agreement to use the airspace over both West and East Berlin, as well as the air corridors to and from West Germany to the city.

In the 1950s the base was also an important centre for intelligence gathering by Royal Air Force Linguists monitoring on a 24/7 basis Soviet air traffic broadcasts from its bases all over Eastern Europe.

These aircraft were also used for reconnaissance missions in co-operation with The British Commander-in-Chief's Mission to the Soviet Forces of Occupation in Germany, commonly known as BRIXMIS. Known from 1956 as Operation Schooner and then Operation Nylon, they were authorised, at the highest level, on an irregular basis to carry out covert photographic reconnaissance flights. All flights had to be notified to the Berlin Air Safety Center (BASC), a quadripartite organisation responsible for authorising all flights in the three Air Corridors and the Berlin Control Zone (BCZ). All the Chipmunk Flight Notification Cards in the BASC were stamped by the Soviets "Safety of Flight Not Guaranteed" due to their interpretation of the 1946 Agreement as excluding flights outside West Berlin. Within the BCZ were many Soviet and East German military airfields and other installations.[10]

After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Chipmunk reconnaissance flights soon ceased and the two Chipmunks were flown to

Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr at Gatow, WG486 is still in RAF service with the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight
.

RAF Gatow was from 1970 also used by the UK's Army Air Corps, 7 Aviation Flight AAC, later renamed No. 7 Flight AAC being based at the station initially flying four Westland Sioux (UK-built Bell 47) and later three Westland Gazelle AH.1 helicopters. A Signals Unit (26SU) was also based at RAF Gatow and on the

Signals Intelligence unit operated by the RAF on behalf of GCHQ Cheltenham tasked with monitoring Warsaw Pact
military communications over East Germany and Poland.

Escapes to Gatow from East Germany

At least three successful escapes were made from East Germany to RAF Gatow.

On 9 April 1978 the two

Zlin Z-42M light aircraft of the Gesellschaft für Sport und Technik (GST – an East German paramilitary training organisation) with the call sign DM-WNX to RAF Gatow. The escape had been planned over the previous three years. The aircraft was dismantled and returned to East Germany over the Glienicker Brücke with painted slogans such as "Wish you were here".[11]

On 24 June 1979 an East German glider landed at RAF Gatow, its pilot seeking political asylum. The glider was handed back to East Germany at the Glienicke Bridge four days later. The flying control surface lock for the rudder bore the message "remove before the next escape".[12]

On 15 July 1987, a young

political asylum. He was handed over to the civil authorities and received West German citizenship. His aircraft, registration DDR-WOH, was dismantled and returned to the East Germans (by road) by RAF station flight personnel, complete with humorous slogans painted on by RAF airmen such as "Wish you were here", "Come back soon". DDR-WOH is still flying today, but since 1991 under registration D-EWOH
.

East German invasion plans

An NVA tank and armoured personnel carrier

The closest military neighbour to RAF Gatow was a tank unit of the

Grenztruppen der DDR was allocated the task of attacking and occupying RAF Gatow. The invasion plans were continually updated, even in 1990 when it was clear that East Germany would soon cease to exist.[citation needed
]

Closure

Following the

reunification of Germany, the British ceded control of the station on 18 June 1994. The Station Flight and its two Chipmunk T.10s was disbanded on 30 June 1994. The station was handed back to the German Air Force on 7 September 1994.[14]

The airfield was kept operational for a very short time, and then closed to air traffic in 1995. The western end of the two runways was later removed to make way for housing, leaving only the eastern portions, cut mid-field on a diagonal line. The remaining portions are used for the outdoor aircraft display.

The history of RAF Gatow and of western forces in Berlin from 1945 to 1994 is told in the Allied Museum.

1989 RAF Garrison

Below is the RAF's garrison of the station in 1989:[15]

Current use by the German Air Force and the Hans-Carossa-Gymnasium

The airfield is now called General-Steinhoff Kaserne. Units now based there are Bw Fachschule Berlin-Gatow, Fernmeldeaufklärungsabschnitt 921, Luftwaffenunterstützungskompanie Gatow, Kommando 3 Luftwaffendivision, Luftwaffenmusikkorps 4 and Truppenambulanz Berlin-Gatow.

Gatow today.

Also on the site of the former RAF station, but not part of General-Steinhoff Kaserne, is a school, the Hans-Carossa-Gymnasium, and houses for government employees of the

Berlin-Kladow
.

The General-Steinhoff Kaserne is also home to the

Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt
or MGFA (Military History Research Institute).

Accidents and incidents

  • On 18 March 1947, a
    Berlin-Kladow less than a mile away from RAF Gatow. The pilot survived.[16]
  • On 5 April 1948, a
    pilot was killed in the accident as well. The subsequent investigation established the Soviet fighter pilot's action, which contravened all accepted rules of flying and the quadripartite flying rules to which Soviet authorities were parties, as the cause of the accident.[17]
  • On 15 March 1949, a
    Skyways Avro 685 York I freighter (registration: G-AHFI) crashed on approach to RAF Gatow, as a result of losing its port wing. This caused the aircraft to dive into the ground, killing all three crew members.[18]

See also

References

  1. ^ Schultz, Sigrid (2 November 1935). "Germany Opens School to Train Flyers for War". Chicago Tribune.
  2. ^ "Errol Barrow – Statesman, Prime Minister of Barbados, RAF Navigator World War II". www.bajanthings.com. 12 March 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  3. ^ a b Berlin Airport Company - Airline Portrait - British Airways, February 1975 Monthly Timetable Booklet for Berlin Tempelhof and Berlin Tegel Airports, Berlin Airport Company, West Berlin, 1975
  4. ^ "The Home Of Eagle" ... — Berlin Airlift commemorative stamp depicting Handley Page 61 Halifax 8 G-ALEF Red Eagle (c/n 1399)
  5. ^ "The end of the Boat in BOAC service – Aquila Airways". Airliner Classics: 63. December 2010.
  6. ^ British United BAC One-Eleven 201AC G-ASJG at Berlin Gatow during October 1967 (picture) Archived 17 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Britannia Airways Boeing 737-204 G-AVRO at Berlin Gatow on 10 June 1969 (picture)
  8. ^ Autair BAC One-Eleven 416EK G-AWBL at Berlin Gatow on 10 June 1968 (picture)
  9. ^ Court Line BAC One-Eleven 518FG G-AXMJ at Berlin Gatow on 11 September 1973 (picture)
  10. ^ de Havilland Chipmunk Archived 26 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine The Spyflight Website
  11. .
  12. .
  13. ^ "Spürpanzer zu Kunstobjekten, 10.04.2007". Die Tageszeitung: Taz. 10 April 2007. p. 23. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  14. .
  15. ^ British Army of the Rhine & Royal Air Force (Germany): Organisation and Stationing of the British Armed Forces in Germany in 1989 (PDF). Alterfritz. 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  16. ^ Warrant Officer Angus Mackay Archived 17 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine The Hawker Tempest Page
  17. ^ ASN Aircraft accident description Vickers 610 Viking 1B G-AIVP — RAF Gatow, Berlin, Germany
  18. ^ ASN Aircraft accident description Avro 685 York I G-AHFI — RAF Gatow, Berlin, Germany

Bibliography

Further reading

External links