Gau Essen
Gau Essen | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gau of Nazi Germany | |||||||||
1928–1945 | |||||||||
Gau Essen on the left, bordering The Netherlands | |||||||||
Capital | Essen | ||||||||
Area | |||||||||
• | 1,900 km2 (730 sq mi) | ||||||||
Population | |||||||||
• | 2,800,000 | ||||||||
Government | |||||||||
Gauleiter | |||||||||
• 1928–1945 | Josef Terboven | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | 1 August 1928 | ||||||||
8 May 1945 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | Germany |
The Gau Essen was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 in the northern parts of the Prussian Rhine Province. Before that, from 1928 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area.
History
Establishment and government
The Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was originally established in a
At the head of each Gau stood a
World War II
The position of Gauleiter in Essen was held by
As Gauleiter, Schlessmann had responsibility for air raid defense measures in Essen throughout the war. As a large industrial center and the site of the Krupp armaments works, Essen was a frequent target of
From February to March 1945, Operation Veritable saw the allies advance further into the Gau.
The Gau had a size of 1,900 km2 (2,741 sq mi) and a population of 2,800,000, which placed it in mid-table for size and population in the list of Gaue.[8]
Allied invasion and occupation
Near the end of World War II, the Gau was invaded by the western allies, who would gradually capture its territory until the end of the war. The timeline of the allied advance is detailed in the table below.
Date of capture | Location | Ref |
---|---|---|
8 February 1945 | Wyler | [9] |
8 February 1945 | Frasselt | [9] |
8-10 February 1945 | Kranenburg | [10][9] |
8-12 February 1945 | Kleve | [9] |
9 February 1945 | Materborn | [9] |
17 February 1945 | Moyland | [11] |
19 February 1945 | Goch | [11] |
18 February-3 March 1945 | Uedem | [12] |
21 February 1945 | Wertzhof | [13] |
22-27 February 1945 | Weeze | [13][14] |
25 February 1945 | Grotendonk | [14] |
26 February-1 March 1945 | Kervenheim | [14][15] |
27 February 1945 | Kalkar | [14] |
1 March 1945 | Baal (Hückelhoven) | [16] |
1 March 1945 | Wemb | [16] |
3 March 1945 | Winnekendonk | [16] |
3 March 1945 | Kevelaer | [16] |
3 March 1945 | Geldern | |
3 March 1945 | Walbeck (Geldern) | [17] |
3 March 1945 | Straelen | |
4 March 1945 | Moers | [18] |
4 March 1945 | Issum | [18] |
4 March 1945 | Hamb | [18] |
4 March 1945 | Marienbaum
|
[18] |
5 March 1945 | Sonsbeck | [18] |
5 March 1945 | Homberg | |
5 March 1945 | Rheinhausen | |
5 March 1945 | Kamp-Lintfort | [19] |
7 March 1945 | Rheinberg | [20] |
8 March 1945 | Xanten | [21] |
9 March 1945 | Veen | [22] |
23 March 1945 | Dinslaken | |
26-27 March 1945 | Millingen | [23] |
26-27 March 1945 | Gahlen | [24] |
28 March 1945 | Haldern
|
[25] |
31 March 1945 | Emmerich | [26] |
7 April 1945 | Altenessen | [27] |
11 April 1945 | Essen | [27] |
12 April 1945 | Duisburg | [28] |
15 April 1945 | Werden | |
15 April 1945 | Kettwig |
References
- ^ Deutsches Historisches Museum. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- The Nizkor Project. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- ^ "Übersicht der NSDAP-Gaue, der Gauleiter und der Stellvertretenden Gauleiter zwischen 1933 und 1945" [Overview of Nazi Gaue, the Gauleiter and assistant Gauleiter from 1933 to 1945]. zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de (in German). Zukunft braucht Erinnerung. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- ^ "Gau Essen". verwaltungsgeschichte.de (in German). Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- ^ "Josef Terboven (1898-1945)". historisches-centrum.de (in German). Historisches Centrum Hagen. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- ISBN 1-932970-21-5.
- ^ Miller & Schulz 2021, pp. 205–206.
- ^ "Gau Köln-Aachen" [Gau Cologne-Aix-la-Chapelle]. rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de (in German). Landschaftsverband Rheinland. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- ^ a b c d e https://blattus.de/archiv/buch/Blutiger%20Winter/texte/bluwi-3.html
- ^ Kevelaerer Enzyklopädie
- ^ a b https://blattus.de/archiv/buch/Blutiger%20Winter/texte/bluwi-5.html
- ^ "Der Krieg in Uedem vor 75 Jahren – HVV Uedem" (in German). Retrieved 2023-09-03.
- ^ a b https://blattus.de/archiv/buch/Blutiger%20Winter/texte/bluwi-6.html
- ^ a b c d https://blattus.de/archiv/buch/Blutiger%20Winter/texte/bluwi-7.html
- ^ https://blattus.de/archiv/buch/Blutiger%20Winter/texte/bluwi-8.html
- ^ a b c d https://blattus.de/archiv/buch/Blutiger%20Winter/texte/bluwi-8.html
- ^ "Als für Walbeck der Krieg zu Ende ging". www.hvv-walbeck.de (in German). 2020-12-03. Retrieved 2023-09-02.
- ^ a b c d e https://blattus.de/archiv/buch/Blutiger%20Winter/texte/bluwi-11.html
- ^ "Kamp-Lintfort | Kriegsende: Als die Amerikaner in Kamp-Lintfort einmarschierten". www.kamp-lintfort.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-09-04.
- ^ https://blattus.de/archiv/buch/Blutiger%20Winter/texte/bluwi-12.html
- ^ Germany, Kirche und Leben, Münster (2020-03-12). "Xanten gedenkt der Zerstörung des Viktor-Doms vor 75 Jahren". www.kirche-und-leben.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-09-02.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ https://blattus.de/archiv/buch/Blutiger%20Winter/texte/bluwi-13.html
- ^ https://millingen-online.de/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Das_Gefecht_am_27-03-1945_Stand_11-03-16.pdf
- ^ USA-SS-Chronology. S. 456
- ^ "Kriegsgräberstätte: Rees-Haldern-Kriegsgräberstätte - Bau, Pflege und Instandsetzung | Volksbund.de". kriegsgraeberstaetten.volksbund.de. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
- ^ Tenbörg, Torsten (2020-03-16). "Emmerich: So endete der Zweite Weltkrieg an Ostern 1945". www.nrz.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-09-04.
- ^ a b "Essen | Das Jahr 1945" (in German). Retrieved 2023-09-02.
- ^ Heinrich Averdunk (Neu bearbeitet von Walter Ring) (1949), Geschichte der Stadt Duisburg (2 ed.), Aloys Henn Verlag, pp. 312–336
Sources
- Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2021). Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies. Vol. 3. Fonthill Media. ISBN 978-1-781-55826-3.
External links