Gauloises

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Gauloises
IARC group 1

Gauloises (pronounced

Imperial Tobacco following its acquisition of Altadis in January 2008 in most countries, but produced and sold by Reemtsma in Germany. Until 2017 the cigarette was manufactured at a plant in Riom, Puy-de-Dôme
, in France, but they are now manufactured in Poland.

History

Distinctive blue package with the winged Gallic helmet logo designed by Jacno

Gauloises was launched by SEITA in 1910. Traditional Gauloises were short, wide, unfiltered and made with dark tobaccos from Syria and Turkey which produced a strong and distinctive aroma. The brand is most famous for its cigarettes' strength, especially in its original unfiltered version. Forty years later, filtered Gauloises cigarettes debuted. In 1984, the Gauloises brand was expanded to include a light, American-type tobacco with a filter. The original non-filter, Gauloises Caporal, have been discontinued and replaced with Gauloises Brunes, which are also filterless but less strong. Gauloises Brunes have low tar and nicotine levels, because of European tobacco laws, but the tobacco is still dark and strong-tasting.

Since 2018, Gauloises cigarettes have been produced in Poland after the last manufacturing plant in Riom, Puy-de-Dôme closed its doors in the end of 2017.[1][2]

Between the World Wars the smoking of Gauloises in France was considered patriotic and an affiliation with French "heartland" values. The brand was associated with the cigarette-smoking

Vichy Regime.[3] Their slogan was "Liberté toujours" ("Freedom forever"). In 1939–1940 some packets of cigarettes were given a distinctive "troop brand".[4]

In March 1954 SEITA launched the "Gauloise Disque Bleu" brand, with CEO Pierre Grimanelli proud of the new packaging that would, he argued, increase sales.[5][6]

The brand was also linked to high-status and inspirational figures representing the worlds of art (e.g. Pablo Picasso) and the intellectual elite (e.g. Jean-Paul Sartre,[7] Albert Camus and Jean Baudrillard[8]). In popular music, for example French pianist and composer Maurice Ravel, American singer Jim Morrison and British music icon John Lennon.[9]

American artist

Cubist assemblage."[12][13]

Anne Rampling in her 1986 novel Belinda, also made Gauloises the favored choice of cigarette for her title character/protagonist. Smoking Gauloises is mentioned in the teen television series Gossip Girl. Sergeant Mort Cooperman smokes Gauloises in several mystery novels by Richard "Kinky" Friedman.[14]

Two packets of Gauloises vertes (nicotine-free), with a black coffee

Smoking Gauloises was also promoted as a contribution to the national good: a portion of the profits from their sale was paid to the Régie Française des Tabacs, a semi-governmental corporation charged with controlling the use of tobacco, especially by minors, and directing its profits towards socially beneficial causes. The designers of the traditional Gauloise packet reinforced national identity by selecting a peculiarly French shade of blue (like the blues later used in the work of French artist Yves Klein).

John Frusciante, former guitarist of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, smoked Gauloises, as noted in the book Scar Tissue by friend and bandmate Anthony Kiedis.[citation needed] During his time at Marlborough College in the early 1960s English singer-songwriter Nick Drake would enjoy smoking Disque Bleu cigarettes with his friend Jeremy Mason, in the High Street of the town.[15]

The last factory producing Gauloises, in Lille, closed in 2005.[16]

In July 2016, the French government considered a ban on both the Gauloises and

Marlboro Gold, Vogue, Lucky Strike and Fortuna. It is the result of a new public health law based on a European directive that says tobacco products "must not include any element that contributes to the promotion of tobacco or give an erroneous impression of certain characteristics". Four major tobacco companies have written to the government seeking clarification on the potential law, calling for an urgent meeting to discuss the details of the plan. In the letter they accuse French health minister Marisol Touraine of an "arbitrary and disproportionate" application of EU directives.[17][18][19][20][21]

Legal problems

The cigarette was manufactured by SEITA but 1999 proved to be a landmark year. The legal difficulties crystallised when a French health insurance fund filed a 51.33 million

Imperial Tobacco
.

On 30 October 2007 the Criminal Chamber of the

French Supreme Court ruled against SEITA, accusing it of having signed a partnership agreement with the organisers of the 2000–2002 Francofolies Festivals for the use of visual brand elements of Gauloises Blondes.[22]

Sport sponsorship

The Yamaha YZR-M1 of Valentino Rossi used in the 2004 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season on display.

Auto sponsorship

Gauloises was the primary sponsor of the Équipe Ligier Formula One team in 1996, replacing sister brand Gitanes, as well as its successor Prost Grand Prix from 1997 until 2000.[23] Gauloises also sponsored the Kronos-run Citroën cars in the World Rally Championship during the 2006 World Rally Championship.[24]

Moto sponsorship

Gauloises was the primary sponsor of the factory

Brno Circuit.[28]

Markets

Gauloises is mainly sold in

România, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Ukraine, Belarus, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Madagascar, Syria, Israel, United Arab Emirates, Thailand, Mexico, South Africa and Argentina.[29][30][31][32]

Gauloises is no longer available in the United Kingdom, and Russia.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. Huff Post
    . 1 January 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  2. ^ "How France lost its iconic, once romantic Gauloises cigarette brand". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  3. ^ "30 Glorieuses". 30 Glorieuses. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  4. ^ "PAQUET DE CIGARETTES TROUPE, GAULOISES 1939 - 1940 - Le poilu". Lepoilu-paris.com. Archived from the original on 30 March 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  5. ^ "Au temps où la France aimait la cigarette". Francetvinfo.fr. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  6. ISBN 9782840505617
    . Retrieved 31 July 2017 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ "France fumes over Gauloises move", CNN, 1 September 2005
  8. ^ Horrocks, Chris. Introducing Baudrillard. Icon Books, 1996.
  9. ^ "Stubbed out: the 21 most iconic cigarette packets of all time". The Telegraph. 20 May 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  10. ^ "Robert Motherwell & Gauloises Caporal | BEACH". Beachpackagingdesign.com. 22 December 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  11. ^ "Robert Motherwell. Gauloises Bleues (White). 1970". MoMA. 22 February 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  12. ^ "Robert Motherwell: Making of an American Giant-artnet News". News.artnet.com. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  13. ^ "Robert Motherwell | Gauloises with Scarlet No. 1 (1972)". Artsy. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  14. ^ Greenwich Killing Time, et al.[full citation needed]
  15. ISBN 9781408841440
    . Retrieved 31 July 2017 – via Google Books.
  16. ^ "Last smoke for French cigarette factory". 2005-09-22. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
  17. ^ "France considers ban on cigarettes that are 'too cool'". The Local France. Thelocal.fr. 20 July 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  18. ^ "France may ban cigarettes that are 'too cool'". The Independent. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  19. ^ Rahman-Jones, Imran (2 August 2016). "Small, White and Strong: How French Cigarettes Became the Coolest in the World". Medium.com. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  20. ^ Webb, Sam (20 July 2016). "Cigarette brands once viewed as an icon of cool could be banned". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  21. ^ Willsher, Kim (20 July 2016). "Smokers fume as France mulls ban on 'too cool' Gitanes and Gauloises". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  22. ^ "Arrêt de la Chambre Criminelle de la Cour de Cassation : Audience publique du 30 octobre 2007". France.globe24h.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  23. ^ Novikov, Andrew. "All Formula One Info - Equipe Ligier". Allf1.info. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  24. ^ "Gauloises backs Kronos". Eurosport.com. 9 January 2006. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  25. ^ Sports, Dorna. "Gauloises Yamaha celebrate historic podium double". Motogp.com. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  26. ^ "Gauloises Yamaha takes to the snow in Bormio". Yamaha-racing.com. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  27. ^ "Gauloises Dutch TT Assen 2003 - Evenementen - Catawiki". Catawiki.nl. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  28. ^ "Czech GP: Team Gauloises Yamaha Friday notes". Motorsport.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  29. ^ "BrandGauloises - Cigarettes Pedia". Cigarettespedia.com. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  30. ^ "BrandGauloises Blondes - Cigarettes Pedia". Cigarettespedia.com. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  31. ^ "Gauloises". Zigsam.at. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  32. ^ "Brands". Cigarety.by. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
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