LGBT culture in New York City
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In 2022, New York City
History as gay metropolis
Charles Kaiser, author of The Gay Metropolis: The Landmark History of Gay Life in America, wrote that in the era after World War II, "New York City became the literal gay metropolis for hundreds of thousands of immigrants from both within and without the United States: the place they chose to learn how to live openly, honestly and without shame."[12] Comedian Jerrod Carmichael joked, "That's actually why I live here...if you say you're gay in New York, you can ride the bus for free and they just give you free pizza. if you say you're gay in New York, you get to host Saturday Night Live. This is the gayest thing you can possibly do. We're basically in an Andy Warhol fever dream right now."[13] In 2022, New York City Mayor Eric Adams announced a billboard campaign to woo Floridians to a significantly more supportive environment for LGBTQ+ residents in New York.[8]
Stonewall Inn
The Stonewall Inn, located at 51 and 53 Christopher Street, along with several other establishments in the city, was owned by the Genovese crime family.[14] In 1966, three members of the Mafia invested $3,500 to turn the Stonewall Inn into a gay bar, after it had been a restaurant and a nightclub geared toward heterosexuals. Once a week a police officer would collect envelopes of cash as a payoff; the Stonewall Inn had no liquor license.[15][16] It had no running water behind the bar—used glasses were run through tubs of water and immediately reused.[17] There were no fire exits, and the toilets overran consistently.[18] Though the bar was not used for prostitution, drug sales and other "cash transactions" took place. It was the only bar for gay men in New York City where dancing was allowed;[19] dancing was its main draw since its re-opening as a gay club.[20]
Visitors to the Stonewall Inn in 1969 were greeted by a
In the rear of the bar was a smaller room frequented by "queens"; it was one of two bars where
Police raids on gay bars were frequent, occurring on average once a month for each bar. Many bars kept extra liquor in a secret panel behind the bar, or in a car down the block, to facilitate resuming business as quickly as possible if alcohol was seized.[14] Bar management usually knew about raids beforehand due to police tip-offs, and raids occurred early enough in the evening that business could commence after the police had finished.[26]
During a typical raid, the lights were turned on, and customers were lined up and their identification cards checked. Those without identification or dressed in full drag were arrested; others were allowed to leave. Some of the men, including those in drag, used their
On June 23, 2015, the Stonewall Inn was the first landmark in New York City to be recognized by the
Stonewall riots
Police raid
At 1:20 a.m. on Saturday, June 28, 1969, four plainclothes policemen in dark suits, two patrol officers in uniform, and Detective Charles Smythe and Deputy Inspector
Historian David Carter presents information[32] indicating that the Mafia owners of the Stonewall and the manager were blackmailing wealthier customers, particularly those who worked in Lower Manhattan's Financial District. They appeared to be making more money from extortion than they were from liquor sales in the bar. Carter deduces that when the police were unable to receive kickbacks from blackmail and the theft of negotiable bonds (facilitated by pressuring gay Wall Street customers), they decided to close the Stonewall Inn permanently.
Two
Things happened so fast you kind of got caught not knowing. All of a sudden there were police there and we were told to all get in lines and to have our identification ready to be led out of the bar.
The raid did not go as planned. Standard procedure was to line up the patrons, check their identification, and have female police officers take customers dressed as women to the bathroom to verify their gender, upon which any men dressed as women would be arrested. Those dressed as women that night refused to go with the officers. Men in line began to refuse to produce their identification. The police decided to take everyone present to the police station, after separating those cross-dressing in a room in the back of the bar. Maria Ritter, then known as Steve to her family, recalled, "My biggest fear was that I would get arrested. My second biggest fear was that my picture would be in a newspaper or on a television report in my mother's dress!"[33] Both patrons and police recalled that a sense of discomfort spread very quickly, spurred by police who began to assault some of the lesbians by "feeling some of them up inappropriately" while frisking them.[34]
Transgender contribution
Despite playing a significant role in fighting for
State of New York official LGBT monument
On June 25, 2017, the day of
National LGBTQ Wall of Honor
On June 27, 2019, the
Monkeypox public health emergency
In 2022, the LGBT community in New York City became the epicenter of the
Demographics and economy
Population and concentration
New York City has been estimated to have become home to over 270,000 self-identifying gay and bisexual individuals,
Geographic entity | GLB population | Density of GLB individuals per square mile | Percentage of GLB individuals in population |
---|---|---|---|
New York City | 272,493 | 894 | 4.5 (2005) |
New York metropolitan area | 568,903 | 84.7 | 4.0 |
Economic clout
Gay villages
Manhattan
Manhattan is the epicenter of LGBTQ culture. The
Greenwich Village
The Manhattan neighborhoods of Greenwich Village and Harlem were home to a sizable homosexual population after World War I, when men and women who had served in the military took advantage of the opportunity to settle in larger cities. The enclaves of gays and lesbians, described by a newspaper story as "short-haired women and long-haired men", developed a distinct subculture through the following two decades.[52]
The social repression of the 1950s resulted in a cultural revolution in Greenwich Village. A cohort of poets, later named the Beat poets, wrote about the evils of the social organization at the time, glorifying anarchy, drugs, and hedonistic pleasures over unquestioning social compliance, consumerism, and closed mindedness. Of them, Allen Ginsberg and William S. Burroughs—both Greenwich Village residents—also wrote bluntly and honestly about homosexuality. Their writings attracted sympathetic liberal-minded people, as well as homosexuals looking for a community.[55]
By the early 1960s, a campaign to rid New York City of gay bars was in full effect by order of Mayor
The Mattachine Society succeeded in getting newly elected Mayor
None of the bars frequented by gays and lesbians were owned by gay people in the 1960s. Almost all of them were owned and controlled by organized crime, who treated the regulars poorly, watered down the liquor, and overcharged for drinks. However, they also paid off police to prevent frequent raids.[17]
Greenwich Village contained the world's oldest gay and lesbian bookstore,
In February 2017, thousands protested at the Stonewall National Monument against the proposed policies of the administration of U.S. president
Chelsea
This section needs expansion with: examples with reliable citations. You can help by adding to it. (September 2016) |
Chelsea is one of the most gay-friendly neighborhoods in New York City.[64] In the 1990s, many gay people moved to the Chelsea neighborhood from the Greenwich Village neighborhood as a less expensive alternative; subsequent to this movement, house prices in Chelsea have increased dramatically to rival the West Village area of Greenwich Village.
Hell's Kitchen
This section needs expansion with: examples with reliable citations. You can help by adding to it. (September 2016) |
The same phenomenon of
Brooklyn
Brooklyn is home to a large and growing number of same-sex couples. Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011, and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.[65] The Park Slope neighborhood spearheaded the popularity of Brooklyn among lesbians, and Prospect Heights has an LGBT residential presence.[48] Numerous neighborhoods have since become home to LGBT communities.
Queens
Adjacent Elmhurst and Jackson Heights, Queens, are focal hubs for the transgender community of New York City and collectively constitute the largest transgender hub in the world. The Queens Pride Parade is held in Jackson Heights each year.[11] Astoria has an emerging LGBT presence.[48] Queens is also becoming a destination for LGBT individuals priced out of still more expensive housing in Brooklyn.
Elsewhere in the New York metropolitan area
As the LGBTQ community has achieved higher socioeconomic status and greater political clout over the decades, it has moved beyond the boundaries of New York City and spread out across the
Gayborhoods have also emerged across the
In June 2018,
The following constitutes an incomplete list of gay villages in the New York metropolitan area as of 2023:
New Jersey | ||
---|---|---|
Asbury Park
|
Monmouth County | [67] |
Ewing
|
Mercer County | [75] |
Jersey City
|
Hudson County
|
[67] |
Lambertville | Hunterdon County
|
[67] |
Maplewood | Essex County | [67] |
Mill Hill (Trenton) | Mercer County | [76] |
Ocean Grove | Monmouth County | [67] |
Plainfield | Union County | [77] |
South Orange
|
Essex County | [67] |
New York | ||
Chelsea | New York City (Manhattan) | [78] |
Christopher Street, West Village/Greenwich Village | New York City (Manhattan) | [78] |
Hell's Kitchen
|
New York City (Manhattan) | [78] |
Inwood | New York City (Manhattan) | [79] |
Washington Heights | New York City (Manhattan) | [79] |
Park Slope | New York City (Brooklyn) | [78] |
Jackson Heights | New York City (Queens) | [80] |
Cherry Grove | Suffolk County | [81] |
Fire Island Pines
|
Suffolk County | [81] |
The Hamptons | Suffolk County | [82] |
Politics
Politics in New York City are mainly liberal. Rosenberg and Dunford stated that this political standpoint had historically been "generally beneficial to the gay community".[48]
In New York City,
In the mid-1970s, LGBT participation in New York City politics began. In the 1977
In the 1985 mayoral election, Koch had almost no support; Donald P. Haider-Markel, the author of Gay and Lesbian Americans and Political Participation: A Reference Handbook, wrote that Koch's "actions on AIDS seemed inadequate at best".
In June 2019, in celebration of
Institutions
New York City publishes its LGBTQ Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender & Queer Guide of Services and Resources.[87]
The
Services & Advocacy for GLBT Elders (SAGE) is the country's largest and oldest organization dedicated to improving the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. SAGE is located at 305 Seventh Avenue, 15th Floor NYC, NY 10001. SAGE has expanded throughout New York City, with additional centers now located in Harlem, the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Staten Island.[89]
The Bronx Academy of Arts and Dance is a New York performing and visual art workshop space and performance venue located in The Bronx. Co-founded in 1998 by Arthur Aviles, dancer and choreographer who performed with the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company, and Charles Rice-Gonzales, a writer, LGBT activist, and publicist. Focusing on works exploring the margins of Latino and LGBTQ cultures. The programs at BAAD! are made up of dancers, LGBTQ visual artists, women, and artists of color.[90]
The Bureau of General Services – Queer Division (BGSQD) is a queer cultural center, bookstore, and event space hosted by The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Community Center in New York City.[91]
The Leslie-Lohman Museum of Art (LLM) is located in Soho, Lower Manhattan,[93] and is the only museum in the world dedicated to artwork documenting the LGBTQ+ experience.[92]
Lambda Legal is headquartered in New York City.[94]
The Lesbian Herstory Archives is located in a townhouse in Brooklyn. It has 12,000 photographs, over 11,000 books, 1,300 periodical titles, and 600 videos. There are also thousands of miscellaneous items.[93]
The Bronx Community Pride Center was previously located in the Bronx.
The
NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project
The NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project[98] maps New York City's LGBT history, neighborhood by neighborhood; placing the city's LGBT history in a geographical context. Its interactive map features neighborhood sites important to NYC LGBT history in fields such as the arts, literature, and social justice, in addition to important gathering spaces, such as bars, clubs, and community centers.
NYC Pride March
The NYC Pride March, including the rally; PrideFest (the festival); and the Dance on the Pier, are the main events of Pride Week in New York City LGBT Pride Week. Since 1984,
Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019 was the largest international Pride celebration in history, produced by Heritage of Pride and enhanced through a partnership with the I ❤ NY program's LGBT division, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall uprising, with 150,000 participants and five million spectators attending in Manhattan alone.[103] The events of 2019 were held throughout June, which is traditionally Pride month in New York City and worldwide, under the auspices of the annual NYC Pride March.
History of the New York City Pride March
Early on the morning of Saturday, June 28, 1969, gay (LGBT) individuals rioted following a police raid on the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar at 53 Christopher Street, in the West Village of Lower Manhattan. This riot and further protests and rioting over the following nights were the watershed moment in modern LGBT Rights Movement and the impetus for organizing LGBT pride marches on a much larger public scale.
On November 2, 1969, Craig Rodwell, his partner Fred Sargeant, Ellen Broidy, and Linda Rhodes proposed the first pride march to be held in New York City by way of a resolution at the Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations (ERCHO) meeting in Philadelphia.[104]
That the Annual Reminder, in order to be more relevant, reach a greater number of people, and encompass the ideas and ideals of the larger struggle in which we are engaged-that of our fundamental human rights-be moved both in time and location.
We propose that a demonstration be held annually on the last Saturday in June in New York City to commemorate the 1969 spontaneous demonstrations on Christopher Street and this demonstration be called CHRISTOPHER STREET LIBERATION DAY. No dress or age regulations shall be made for this demonstration.
We also propose that we contact Homophile organizations throughout the country and suggest that they hold parallel demonstrations on that day. We propose a nationwide show of support.[105][106][107][108]
All attendees to the ERCHO meeting in Philadelphia voted for the march except for Mattachine Society of New York, which abstained.[105] Members of the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) attended the meeting and were seated as guests of Rodwell's group, Homophile Youth Movement in Neighborhoods (HYMN).[109]
Meetings to organize the march began in early January at Rodwell's apartment in 350
Other mainstays of the organizing committee were Judy Miller, Jack Waluska, Steve Gerrie and Brenda Howard of GLF.[113] Believing that more people would turn out for the march on a Sunday, and so as to mark the date of the start of the Stonewall uprising, the CSLDUC scheduled the date for the first march for Sunday, June 28, 1970.[114] With Dick Leitsch's replacement as president of Mattachine NY by Michael Kotis in April 1970, opposition to the march by Mattachine ended.[115]
There was little open animosity, and some bystanders applauded when a tall, pretty girl carrying a sign "I am a Lesbian" walked by.
—The New York Times coverage of Gay Liberation Day, 1970[116]
Christopher Street Liberation Day on June 28, 1970, marked the first anniversary of the Stonewall riots with an assembly on Christopher Street and the first LGBT Pride march in U.S. history, covering the 51 blocks to Central Park. The march took less than half the scheduled time due to excitement, but also due to wariness about walking through the city with gay banners and signs. Although the parade permit was delivered only two hours before the start of the march, the marchers encountered little resistance from onlookers.[117] The New York Times reported (on the front page) that the marchers took up the entire street for about 15 city blocks.[116] Reporting by The Village Voice was positive, describing "the out-front resistance that grew out of the police raid on the Stonewall Inn one year ago".[118]
New York City dyke march
The world's largest
New York City Drag March
The
The Drag March takes place on Friday night as a kick-off to NYC Pride weekend.[128] The event starts in Tompkins Square Park and ends in front of the Stonewall Inn; it is purposefully non-corporate, punk, inclusive, and largely leaderless.[121]
In 2019, the 25th Drag March coincided with Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019, anticipated to be the largest international LGBTQ event in history,[129] with many as four million people attending in Manhattan alone; the Drag March will take place June 28.[130]
New York City drag culture
New York City's
Queens Pride Parade
The
Queer Liberation March
The Queer Liberation March is a protest march which was inaugurated in its current form on June 30, 2019, coincident with Stonewall 50 - WorldPride NYC 2019, marking the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall riots.[136][137] This march was created as a counterprotest to the corporate-focused sponsoring and participation requirements of the larger New York City Pride March, the result being a dueling major Manhattan LGBTQ march on the same day.[138][139]
The march route proceeds uptown on Sixth Avenue in Manhattan, following the path of the fledgling first one, which in 1970 marked the one-year anniversary of the Stonewall Riots.[140] and was organized by the Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee.[141] The Queer Liberation March proceeds in the opposite direction of the New York City Pride March, which courses downtown on Fifth Avenue through most of its route.
LGBTQ media
LGBTQ publications include
Former publications include Gaysweek, The New York Blade, Next, and New York Native.
The film Paris is Burning documents the cultural contributions of gay, bisexual and trans New Yorkers mostly from Harlem; especially those of color coming from mostly Black or Latino backgrounds. Much of the documentary centers around drag culture. African American and Latino members of the LGBT community in the 80s invented dances such as vogueing and coined terms such as 'reading' and 'throwing shade.' The independent documentary How Do I Look and the TV series Pose on FX expanded further upon the subject matter of and individuals appearing in Paris is Burning.
Celebrity-featured New York City LGBTQ-rights galas and festivities
New York City hosts a variety of LGBTQ-rights galas annually. The following is a list of some of these galas featuring the presence of
- October 2004, Empire State Pride Agenda – Kimberly Guilfoyle[142]
- March 2010,
- February 2017, Human Rights Campaign – Meryl Streep, Seth Meyers[144]
- New Year's Eve before 2019 and at other times, surprise performances at the Stonewall Inn by Madonna[145]
- January 2019, New York City U.S. Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (NY), giving a detailed speech in support of measures needed to ensure LGBTQ equality in the workplace and elsewhere;[146] she has also made a point of recognizing transgender rights specifically, saying, "It's a no-brainer...trans rights are civil rights are human rights."[147]
- The GLAAD Media Awards New York takes places annually[148] and features the attendance of highly prominent celebrities. The May 2019 event featured Rosie O'Donnell, Anderson Cooper, and Mykki Blanco presenting Madonna with a GLAAD Advocate for Acceptance award.[149]
- June 2019, surprise performance at the Stonewall Inn by Taylor Swift[150]
Education
The New York City Department of Education operates Harvey Milk High School in Manhattan; it caters to but is not limited to LGBT students.
Recreation
Historically, the
New York City Black Pride is held annually in August.[153]
Rainbow Book Fair, the largest LGBT book event in the U.S., is held annually every Spring in New York City.[154]
Religion
The progressive Jewish congregation Kolot Chayeinu (Voices of our Lives) was founded by social justice activists Rabbi Ellen Lippmann and Cantor Lisa Segal. The current clergies are members of the LGBTQ community and a large portion of the congregation are members or affiliated with the LGBTQ community.
Notable LGBTQ New Yorkers
See also
- Culture of New York City
- Drag ball culture
- Gay Asian & Pacific Islander Men of New York
- Homosocialization
- LGBT in the United States
- LGBT rights in New York
- LGBT rights in the United States
- New York City demographics
- New York City Gay Men's Chorus
- Pose
- Queens Liberation Front
- St. Pat's for All
- The Boys in the Band
- The Queen
- Transgender culture in New York City
References
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{{cite news}}
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The Cock, a delightfully perverse gay bar on Second Avenue, ...
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Mastercard also partnered with the New York City Commission on Human Rights to create an all-inclusive version of the iconic street sign at the corner of Gay and Christopher Streets in New York City's West Village, adding rainbow of street signs for each letter in the LGBTQIA+ acronym. This is just in time for WorldPride — which takes place in New York City this June — and the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall Riots.
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- .
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Further reading
- Chauncey, George. 1994. Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940. New York: Basic Books.
- Kaiser, Charles. The Gay Metropolis: The Landmark History of Gay Life in America. ISBN 0802143172, 9780802143174.
External links
- Brooklyn Community Pride Center
- Caribbean Equality Project
- Pride Center of Staten Island
- LGBTQ Community Services Center of The Bronx, Incorporated (Bronx LGBTQ Center)
- Bronx Community Pride Center (Archive)
- Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC)
- Audre Lorde Project
- LGBT Life in NYC
- Lesbian Archives
- SAGEUSA
- Stonewall Forever a Monument to 50 Years of Pride
- Virtual map of LGBTQ and feminist landmarks