General National Exhibition in Lviv

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1894
Austro-Hungarian Empire
CityLviv
Timeline
Opening5 June 1894 (1894-06-05)
Closure15 October 1894 (1894-10-15)

The General National Exhibition in Lviv (Polish: Powszechna Wystawa Krajowa we Lwowie) was a national exposition held in 1894 in the city of Lviv (Polish: Lwów) on the centenary of the Kościuszko Uprising. Its aim was to showcase the economic and cultural achievements of Galicia and to present the works of art of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria as well as all other Polish lands under foreign rule.

History

The General National Exhibition Aerial Tram, 1894

Preparations before the grand opening of the exhibition took around two years. Architects

Julian Zachariewicz and Franciszek Skowron supervised the construction of the pavilions for the fair. They were assisted by Zygmunt Gorgolewski and Juliusz Hochberger.[1] Prince Adam Sapieha was the Head of the Exhibition Committee while Zdzisław Marchwicki was appointed the Director of the Exhibition. It was held on the 100th anniversary of the Kościuszko Uprising against Tsarist Russia and was intended to present the economic progress of Galicia as well as promote the national culture and works of art from all the Polish lands under foreign partitions.[2] The monumental cycloramic painting Racławice Panorama was created by renowned artists Wojciech Kossak and Jan Styka to celebrate this event.[3]

The ceremonial opening of the exhibition took place on 5 June 1894 after a religious service held at

Sylvester Sembratovych and Izaak Mikolaj Isakowicz.[5] The fair lasted over four months and attracted more than 1.1 million visitors, which was ten times the number of the city's inhabitants at the time. The exhibition included 129 pavilions subdivided into 33 major departments devoted to such fields as industry, science and technology, economy, arts, ethnograpny and agriculture. The site was located on an area of 50 hectares near Stryj Park (Polish: Park Stryjeński). The most distinguished guest at the event was Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria.[6]

During the exhibition, a number of conferences were held and an

Polish Sokół clubs from Lviv and Kraków with Włodzimierz Chomicki scoring the first ever goal in the history of football in Poland.[7]

Among the few preserved buildings from the exhibition is the Palace of Arts (Polish: Pałac sztuki). Situated in Stryj Park, it was designed by Polish architect Franciszek Skowron in the Baroque Revival architectural style. It features an allegorical sculpture representing Art created by Julian Markowski. Figures representing Sculpture and Painting were located on both sides of the entrance to the palace and were executed by Antoni Popiel. The pavilion housed three exhibitions: A Retrospective of Polish Art, The Antiques Exhibition, and The Exhibition of Contemporary Art.[8]

The exhibition also hosted a retrospective of Polish painting from all three partitions, which was organized by professors Marian Sokołowski and Jan Bołoz-Antoniewicz. It featured works by such artists as

Jan Piotr Norblin, Zygmunt Vogel, Aleksander Orłowski, Jan Nepomucen Głowacki, Marcin Zaleski and Piotr Michałowski
.

Significance

It was the biggest fair in the history of the city and greatly contributed to its further modernization and the initiation of numerous other infrastructure projects.

Eastern Trade Fairs (Polish: Targi Wschodnie) launched for the first time in 1921.[10]

Main pavilions

The Palace of Arts
The Racławice Panorama Pavilion

Notable pavilions and structures constructed for the exhibition included:

  • Main Gate (Brama główna)
  • Gródecka Street Gate (Brama u wylotu ulicy Gródeckiej)
  • Hutsul Tserkva (Cerkiew huculska)
  • The Manor House (Dwór szlachecki)
  • The Ethnographic Department (Dział etnograficzny)
  • Electric Fountain of Lights (Elektryczna fontanna świetlna)
  • The Concert Hall (Hala koncertowa)
  • The Machine Hall (Hala maszyn)
  • The Palace of Arts (Pałac Sztuki)
  • The Architecture Pavilion (Pawilon architektury)
  • The Imperial Pavilion (Pawilon cesarski)
  • The Count Roman Potocki Pavilion (Pawilon dóbr hr. Romana Potockiego)
  • The Jan Matejko Pavilion (Pawilon Jana Matejki)
  • The City of Lviv Pavilion (Pawilon miasta Lwowa)
  • The Ministry of the Treasury Pavilion (Pawilon Ministerstwa Skarbu)
  • The Horticultural Pavilion (Pawilon ogrodnictwa)
  • The Racławice Panorama Pavilion (Pawilon Panoramy Racławickiej)
  • The Industrial Pavilion (Pawilon przemysłu)
  • The Ukrainian Societies Pavilion (Pawilon towarzystw ukraińskich)
  • The Water Tower (Wieża wodna)

Gallery

  • Poster of the National Exhibition in Lviv in 1894
    Poster of the National Exhibition in Lviv in 1894
  • Baczewski Distillery Pavilion
    Baczewski Distillery Pavilion
  • The Architecture Pavilion
    The Architecture Pavilion
  • Water tower
    Water tower
  • Pavilion of the Ministry of Treasury
    Pavilion of the Ministry of Treasury

See also

References

  1. ^ "STRYISKYI PARK". Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  2. ^ "The Pavilions of the Galician General Regional Exhibition of 1894". Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  3. ^ "The Battle of Racławice – Wojciech Kossak, Jan Styka (in cooperation with other painters)". Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  4. ^ "The General Regional Exhibition of Galicia". Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  5. ^ "THE GRAND OPENING OF GENERAL REGIONAL EXHIBITION". Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  6. ^ "5 czerwca 1894 r. Powszechna Wystawa Krajowa we Lwowie". Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  7. ^ "Five Fun Facts about the Galician General Regional Exhibition of 1894". Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  8. ^ "The Pavilions of the Galician General Regional Exhibition of 1894". Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  9. ^ "Five Fun Facts about the Galician General Regional Exhibition of 1894". Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  10. ^ "Targi Wschodnie". Retrieved 22 December 2020.
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