Genet (animal)

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For other uses, see Genet (disambiguation).
"Genetta" redirects here. For the experimental cat crossbreed, see
Genetta cat
.

Genet
Temporal range: Pliocene–Recent
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Viverridae
Subfamily: Genettinae
Genus: Genetta
Cuvier, 1816
Type species
Viverra genetta
Species

See text

A genet (pronounced

carnivorans.[1][2] The common genet is the only genet present in Europe and occurs in the Iberian Peninsula, Italy and France.[3]

Genet fossils from the Late Miocene and later have been found at sites in Ethiopia, Kenya and Morocco.[4][5]

Classification

Genetta was

named and described by Frédéric Cuvier in 1816.[6] The number of species in the genus is controversial. The following were proposed as valid in 2005:[1]

Subgenus Image Name Distribution and IUCN Red List status
Genetta Common genet (G. genetta) (Linnaeus, 1758)[7] LC[8]
South African small-spotted genet (G. felina) (Thunberg), 1811[9]
Abyssinian genet (G. abyssinica) (Rüppell, 1835)[10] DD[11]
Eugenetta Cape genet (G. tigrina) (Schreber, 1778)[12] LC[13]
Angolan genet (G. angolensis) Bocage, 1882[14] LC[15]
Herpailuropoda Giant forest genet (G. victoriae) Thomas, 1901[16] LC[17]
Hausa genet (G. thierryi) Matschie, 1902[18] LC[19]
Johnston's genet (G. johnstoni) Pocock, 1907[20] NT[21]
Bourlon's genet (G. bourloni) Gaubert, 2003[22]
Pardogale Pardine genet (G. pardina) Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1832[23] LC[24]
King genet (G. poensis) Waterhouse, 1838[25] DD[26]
Prionailuropoda Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata) (Gray, 1830)[27] LC[28]
Letaba genet (G. letabae) Thomas and Schwann, 1906[29]
Schouteden's genet (G. schoutedeni) Crawford-Cabral, 1970[30]
Leptailuropoda Servaline genet (G. servalina) Pucheran, 1855[31] LC[32]
Crested servaline genet (G. cristata) Hayman, 1940[33] VU[34]
Osbornictis Aquatic genet (G. piscivora) (Allen), 1919[35] NT[36]

Extinct species

Genetta and Poiana are estimated to have diverged about 9.5 to 13.3 million years ago.[39] Genetta species are estimated to have diverged at least 8.5 million years ago starting with the Hausa genet, followed by the giant genet 3.98 to 6.01 million years ago.[40]

Characteristics

Genet

Genets are slender cat-like animals with a long body, a long ringed

anal sacs.[41][42] They also have perineal glands.[43]

All genet species have a dark stripe along the spine; they differ in fur color and spot pattern. Their size varies between species from 40.9 to 60 cm (16.1 to 23.6 in) in head-to-body length with 40 to 47 cm (16 to 19 in) long tails; their tails are almost as long as head and body.

touch.[44]

Distribution and habitat

All genet species are

Arabia, Yemen and Oman.[46]

The

endemic to fynbos, grassland and coastal forests in South Africa.[47]

The

woodland savanna, grassland, thickets, dry vlei areas in Angola, Namibia, South Africa and Zambia.[1]

The rusty-spotted genet is widely distributed in sub-Saharan woodland savannah, savannah-forest mosaic, rain forest and montane forest up to an elevation of 3,400 m (11,200 ft) in Ethiopia.[48]

The pardine genet lives in primary and secondary rainforests, gallery forests, moist woodlands, but also in plantations and suburban areas ranging from Senegal to the Volta River in Ghana.[49]

The Abyssinian genet has been recorded in montane dry forest up to 3,750 m (12,300 ft) in Ethiopia.[50]

The

Bioko Island, Ghana and Liberia.[1]

The servaline genet lives in Central African lowland forests to high-altitude bamboo forest and coral rag thicket on Zanzibar.[51]

The Angolan genet inhabits open miombo forest from Angola to central Tanzania.[52]

The giant forest genet lives in rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Uganda.[53]

The Hausa genet inhabits savannah and moist woodlands in West Africa.[1]

G. letabae has been recorded in woodland savannah in Lesotho, Eswatini, Mozambique, Namibia and South Africa.[1]

Johnston's genet inhabits dense rainforest in Upper Guinea.[54]

The

Rift Valley.[55]

The crested servaline genet is endemic to Nigeria and Cameroon, where it inhabits scrub and primary deciduous forests.[56]

Schouteden's genet inhabits rainforest, woodland savannah and savannah-forest mosaic in

tropical Africa.[1]

Bourlon's genet lives only in the Upper Guinean rainforests in West Africa.[22]

Ecology and behavior

Genet photographed in Botswana

Genets are highly agile, have quick reflexes and exceptional climbing skills. They are the only viverrids able to stand on their hind legs. They walk, trot, run, climb up and down trees, and jump. They live on the ground, but also spend much of their time in trees. They are considered solitary, except during mating and when females have offspring.[44]

They are

opportunistically catch invertebrates and small vertebrates, but also feed on plants and fruit. Aquatic genets feed mainly on fish.[41] Angolan genets are thought to feed on grasshoppers and other arthropods.[52] Johnston's genet probably feeds mainly on insects.[57]

In 2014, a camera trap in the Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park captured a large spotted genet riding on the back of two different buffalo and a rhinoceros. This was the first time a genet was recorded hitch-hiking.[58]

Females have up to five young in a litter.[41] They rear their young alone.[44]

Common genet females become sexually mature at the age of two years. Once copulation has occurred, the gestation period lasts for 10 to 11 weeks.[3] They are diestrous and give birth twice a year, during spring and late summer to autumn.[59] Captive common genets have been known to live up to 13 years.[60] A male genet lived for 22.7 years in captivity.[61]

Threats

Skins of G. genetta and G. tigrina

Loss of habitat due to deforestation and conversion of land to agriculture is a major threat for the crested servaline genet and Johnston's genet. Both genet species are also hunted for meat and skins. They are listed as

Near Threatened.[64]

The aquatic genet may be affected by hunting, but major threats have not yet been identified. It is listed as

Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.[65]

The king genet and the Abyssinian genet are so poorly known that threats cannot be identified. Both are listed as

Data Deficient on the IUCN Red Lists.[66][67]

The remaining genet species are not considered threatened and are listed as

Least Concern on the IUCN Red Lists.[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75]

Etymology

The etymological origin of the word 'genet' is uncertain; it may be a derivation of the

Arabic name djarnet.[3] The English word comes from Old French 'genete', which came from Spanish 'gineta'.[76]

As pets

Pet genets are mostly common genets, rusty-spotted genets or Cape genets.[77]

References

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Further reading

External links

Wikispecies has information related to Genetta.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Genetta.
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