Geneva
Coat of arms | |
) | |
Twin towns | None |
Website | www SFSO statistics |
Geneva (/dʒəˈniːvə/ jə-NEE-və;[5] French: Genève [ʒənɛv] ⓘ)[note 1] is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous of the French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva, and a centre for international diplomacy. Geneva hosts the highest number of international organizations in the world.[6]
The city of Geneva (ville de Genève) had a population of 203,951 in January 2020[7] within its municipal territory of 16 km2 (6 sq mi),[8] but the larger Canton of Geneva had a population of 504,128[7] over 246 km2 (95 sq mi).[8] The Geneva metropolitan area as officially defined by Eurostat,[9] including suburbs and exurbs in Vaud and the French departments of Ain and Haute-Savoie, extends over 2,292 km2 (885 sq mi)[10] and had a population of 1,044,766 at the time.[11]
Since 2013, the Canton of Geneva, the Nyon District (in the canton of Vaud), and the Pôle métropolitain du Genevois français (lit. 'Metropolitan hub of the French Genevan territory', a federation of eight French intercommunal councils), have formed Grand Genève ("Greater Geneva"), a Local Grouping of Transnational Cooperation (GLCT in French, a public entity under Swiss law) in charge of organizing cooperation within the cross-border metropolitan area of Geneva (in particular metropolitan transports).[12] The Grand Genève GLCT extends over 1,996 km2 (771 sq mi)[13] and had a population of 1,037,407 in Jan. 2020 (Swiss estimates and French census), 58.4% of them living on Swiss territory, and 41.6% on French territory.[14]
Geneva is a global city, a financial centre, and a worldwide centre for diplomacy due to the presence of numerous international organizations, including the headquarters of many agencies of the United Nations[15] and the ICRC and IFRC of the Red Cross.[16] In the aftermath of World War I, it hosted the League of Nations. It was where the Geneva Conventions on humanitarian treatment in war were signed. It shares a unique distinction with municipalities such as New York City (global headquarters of the UN), Basel (Bank for International Settlements), and Strasbourg (Council of Europe) as a city which serves as the headquarters of at least one critical international organization without being the capital of a country.[17][18][19]
The city has been referred to as the world's most compact
Name
The city was mentioned in
The medieval
History
Geneva was an
In the
Geography
Topography
Geneva is located at 46°12' North, 6°09' East, at the south-western end of Lake Geneva, where the Rhône flows out. It is surrounded by three mountain chains, each belonging to the Jura: the Jura main range lies north-westward, the Vuache southward, and the Salève south-eastward.
The city covers an area of 15.93 km2 (6.2 sq mi), while the area of the
Of the land in the city, 0.24 km2 (0.093 sq mi), or 1.5%, is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.5 km2 (0.19 sq mi), or 3.1%, is forested. The rest of the land, 14.63 km2 (5.65 sq mi), or 91.8%, is built up (buildings or roads), 0.49 km2 (0.19 sq mi), or 3.1%, is either rivers or lakes and 0.02 km2 (4.9 acres), or 0.1%, is wasteland.[32]
Of the built-up area, industrial buildings made up 3.4%, housing and buildings made up 46.2% and transportation infrastructure 25.8%, while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 15.7%. Of the agricultural land, 0.3% is used for growing crops. Of the water in the municipality, 0.2% is composed of lakes and 2.9% is rivers and streams.[32]
The altitude of Geneva is 373.6 m (1,225.7 ft) and corresponds to the altitude of the largest of the Pierres du Niton, two large rocks emerging from the lake which date from the last ice age. This rock was chosen by General Guillaume Henri Dufour as the reference point for surveying in Switzerland.[33] The second main river of Geneva is the Arve, which flows into the Rhône just west of the city centre. Mont Blanc can be seen from Geneva and is an hour's drive from the city.
Climate
The climate of Geneva is a
In summer, many people swim in the lake and patronise public beaches such as Genève Plage and the
During the years 2000–2009, the mean yearly temperature was 11 °C and the mean number of sunshine-hours per year was 2003.[36]
The highest temperature recorded in Genève–Cointrin was 39.7 °C (103.5 °F) in July 2015, and the lowest temperature recorded was −20.0 °C (−4.0 °F) in February 1956.
Climate data for Geneva (GVA), elevation: 412 m (1,352 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1901–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 17.3 (63.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
24.9 (76.8) |
27.5 (81.5) |
33.8 (92.8) |
36.5 (97.7) |
39.7 (103.5) |
39.3 (102.7) |
34.8 (94.6) |
27.3 (81.1) |
23.2 (73.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
39.7 (103.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.1 (41.2) |
7.0 (44.6) |
11.8 (53.2) |
15.9 (60.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
24.2 (75.6) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
21.1 (70.0) |
15.5 (59.9) |
9.3 (48.7) |
5.6 (42.1) |
15.7 (60.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.1 (35.8) |
2.9 (37.2) |
6.7 (44.1) |
10.5 (50.9) |
14.5 (58.1) |
18.4 (65.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
15.7 (60.3) |
11.3 (52.3) |
6.0 (42.8) |
2.8 (37.0) |
11.0 (51.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.1 (30.0) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
1.7 (35.1) |
5.0 (41.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.7 (54.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
14.2 (57.6) |
10.7 (51.3) |
7.2 (45.0) |
2.6 (36.7) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
6.3 (43.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | −19.9 (−3.8) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
1.3 (34.3) |
3.0 (37.4) |
4.9 (40.8) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−10.9 (12.4) |
−17.0 (1.4) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 73 (2.9) |
56 (2.2) |
62 (2.4) |
67 (2.6) |
78 (3.1) |
83 (3.3) |
79 (3.1) |
81 (3.2) |
91 (3.6) |
96 (3.8) |
89 (3.5) |
90 (3.5) |
946 (37.2) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 8 (3.1) |
5 (2.0) |
2 (0.8) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
3 (1.2) |
5 (2.0) |
23 (9.1) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.5 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 10.2 | 9.1 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 9.7 | 9.9 | 10.3 | 107.6 |
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 7.0 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
81 | 75 | 68 | 65 | 68 | 66 | 64 | 67 | 73 | 80 | 82 | 82 | 73 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 61 | 96 | 161 | 187 | 212 | 246 | 269 | 242 | 184 | 116 | 65 | 48 | 1,887 |
Percent possible sunshine | 25 | 38 | 50 | 51 | 50 | 57 | 62 | 62 | 56 | 40 | 27 | 21 | 48 |
Source 1: MeteoSwiss[37] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: KNMI[38][39] |
Climate data for Geneva (GVA), elevation: 420 m (1,378 ft), 1961–1990 normals and extremes | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.5 (59.9) |
18.0 (64.4) |
22.3 (72.1) |
25.8 (78.4) |
28.6 (83.5) |
33.9 (93.0) |
36.6 (97.9) |
35.5 (95.9) |
32.9 (91.2) |
27.5 (81.5) |
21.1 (70.0) |
16.4 (61.5) |
36.6 (97.9) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 11.0 (51.8) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.1 (64.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
25.3 (77.5) |
29.9 (85.8) |
33.1 (91.6) |
32.6 (90.7) |
28.0 (82.4) |
22.1 (71.8) |
15.9 (60.6) |
12.5 (54.5) |
33.1 (91.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) |
5.3 (41.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
13.5 (56.3) |
17.6 (63.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
24.6 (76.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
20.3 (68.5) |
13.9 (57.0) |
8.0 (46.4) |
4.2 (39.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
2.0 (35.6) |
5.0 (41.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
12.8 (55.0) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.1 (66.4) |
18.1 (64.6) |
14.9 (58.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
5.0 (41.0) |
1.8 (35.2) |
9.6 (49.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.3 (27.9) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
0.3 (32.5) |
3.5 (38.3) |
7.1 (44.8) |
10.3 (50.5) |
11.8 (53.2) |
11.3 (52.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
5.4 (41.7) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
4.7 (40.4) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | −9.6 (14.7) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
1.0 (33.8) |
4.9 (40.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
6.1 (43.0) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −19.5 (−3.1) |
−17.4 (0.7) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
1.3 (34.3) |
2.5 (36.5) |
4.3 (39.7) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−16.7 (1.9) |
−19.5 (−3.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 73.0 (2.87) |
74.0 (2.91) |
74.0 (2.91) |
61.0 (2.40) |
72.0 (2.83) |
84.0 (3.31) |
65.0 (2.56) |
78.0 (3.07) |
80.0 (3.15) |
73.0 (2.87) |
88.0 (3.46) |
82.0 (3.23) |
904 (35.57) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 10.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 10.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 111 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
82.0 | 77.0 | 72.0 | 69.0 | 70.0 | 67.0 | 64.0 | 67.0 | 73.0 | 79.0 | 79.0 | 81.0 | 73.3 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 49.8 | 76.2 | 130.8 | 161.2 | 180.5 | 212.3 | 255.2 | 225.5 | 184.9 | 114.9 | 60.9 | 42.0 | 1,694.2 |
Source: NOAA[40] |
Politics
Coat of arms
Administrative divisions
The city is divided into eight quartiers, or districts, sometimes composed of several neighbourhoods. On the left bank are: (1) Jonction, (2) Centre, Plainpalais, and Acacias; (3) Eaux-Vives; and (4) Champel. The right bank includes: (1) Saint-Jean and Charmilles; (2) Servette and Petit-Saconnex; (3) Grottes and Saint-Gervais; and (4) Paquis and Nations.[41]
Government
The Administrative Council (Conseil administratif) constitutes the executive government of the city of Geneva and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of five councilors (French: Conseiller administratif/ Conseillère administrative), each presiding over a department. The president of the executive department acts as mayor (la maire/le maire). In the governmental year 2021–2022, the Administrative Council is presided over by Madame la maire de Genève Frédérique Perler. Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Municipal Council are carried out by the Administrative Council. Elections for the Administrative Council are held every five years. The current term of (la législature) is from 1 June 2020 to 31 May 2025. The delegates are elected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor and vice change each year, while the heads of the other departments are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Palais Eynard, near the Parc des Bastions.[42]
As of 2020[update], Geneva's Administrative Council is made up of two representatives each of the Social Democratic Party (PS) and the Green Party (PES), and one member of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC). This gives the left-wing parties four out of the five seats and, for the first time in history, a female majority. The last election was held on 15 March/5 April 2020.[43] Except for the mayor, all other councillors have been elected for the first time.[44]
Councillor (M. Conseiller administratif/ Mme Conseillère administrative) |
Party | Head of Office (Département, since) of | elected in |
---|---|---|---|
Frédérique Perler[SR 1] | PES | Planning, Construction, and Mobility (de l'aménagement, des constructions et de la mobilité, 2020) | 2020 |
Marie Barbey-Chappuis[SR 2] | PDC | Security and Sport (de la sécurité et des sports, 2020) | 2020 |
Sami Kanaan | PS | Culture and Digital Change (de la culture et de la transition numérique, 2020) | 2011 |
Alfonso Gomez | PES | Finance, Environment and Housing (des finances, de l'environnement et du logement, 2020) | 2020 |
Christina Kitsos | PS | Social Cohesion and Solidarity (de la cohésion sociale et de la solidarité, 2020) | 2020 |
Parliament
The Municipal Council (Conseil municipal) holds
The last election of the Municipal Council was held on 15 March 2020 for the (législature) of 2020–2025. Currently, the Municipal Council consists of: 19 members of the
Elections
National Council
In the
In the
Metropolitan cooperation
The city centre of Geneva is located only 1.9 km (1.2 mi) from the border of France. As a result, the urban area and the metropolitan area largely extend across the border on French territory. Due to the small size of the municipality of Geneva (16 km2 (6 sq mi))[8] and extension of the urban area over an international border, official bodies of transnational cooperation were developed as early as the 1970s to manage the cross-border Greater Geneva area at a metropolitan level.
In 1973, a Franco-Swiss agreement created the Comité régional franco-genevois ("Franco-Genevan Regional Committee", CRFG in French). In 1997 an 'Urban planning charter' of the CRFG defined for the first time a planning territory called agglomération franco-valdo-genevoise ("Franco-Vaud-Genevan urban area"). 2001 saw the creation of a Comité stratégique de développement des transports publics régionaux ("Strategic Committee for the Development of Regional Public Transports", DTPR in French), a committee which adopted in 2003 a 'Charter for Public Transports', first step in the development of a metropolitan, cross-border commuter rail network (see Léman Express).
In 2004, a public transnational body called Projet d’agglomération franco-valdo-genevois ("Franco-Vaud-Genevan urban area project") was created to serve as the main body of metropolitan cooperation for the planning territory defined in 1997, with more local French councils taking part in this new public body than in the CRFG created in 1973. Finally in 2012 the Projet d’agglomération franco-valdo-genevois was renamed Grand Genève ("Greater Geneva"), and the following year it was transformed into a Local Grouping of Transnational Cooperation (GLCT in French), a public entity under Swiss law, which now serves as the executive body of the Grand Genève.
The Grand Genève GLCT is made up of the Canton of Geneva, the Nyon District (in the canton of Vaud), and the Pôle métropolitain du Genevois français (literally "Metropolitan hub of the French Genevan territory"), this last one a federation of eight French intercommunal councils in Ain and Haute-Savoie. The Grand Genève GLCT extends over 1,996 km2 (771 sq mi)[13] and had a population of 1,025,316 in Jan. 2019 (Swiss estimates and French census), 58.5% of them living on Swiss territory, and 41.5% on French territory.[14]
International relations
Geneva does not have any sister relationships with other cities. It declares itself related to the entire world.[50][51]
Demographics
Population
The city of Geneva (ville de Genève) had a population 203,951 in 2020 (Jan. estimate)
The Geneva metropolitan area is one of the fastest growing in Europe. Its population rose from 888,651 in Jan. 2009[52] to 1,044,766 in Jan. 2020, which means the metropolitan area registered a population growth rate of +1.48% per year during those 11 years. Growth is higher in the French part of the metropolitan area (+1.93% per year between 2009 and 2020) than in the Swiss part (+1.17% per year between 2009 and 2020), as Geneva attracts many French commuters due to high Swiss salaries and a favourable Franco-Swiss tax regime for French residents working in Switzerland.
The official language of Geneva (both the city and the canton) is French. English is also common due to a high number of Anglophone residents working in international institutions and the bank sector. In 2000 there were 128,622 residents, or 72.3% of the population, who spoke French as a first language. English was the second most common (7,853 or 4.4%), followed by Spanish (7,462 or 4.2%), Italian (7,320 or 4.1%), and German (7,050 or 4.0%); 113 spoke Romansh, an official language in Switzerland.[53]
In the city of Geneva, as of 2013[update], 48% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[54] For a list of the largest groups of foreign residents see the cantonal overview. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009), the population has changed at a rate of 7.2%; a rate of 3.4% due to migration and at a rate of 3.4% due to births and deaths.[55]
As of 2008[update], the gender distribution of the population was 47.8% male and 52.2% female. The population was made up of 46,284 Swiss men (24.2% of the population) and 45,127 (23.6%) non-Swiss men. There were 56,091 Swiss women (29.3%) and 43,735 (22.9%) non-Swiss women.[56] As of 2000[update] approximately 24.3% of the population of the municipality were born in Geneva and lived there in 2000 – 43,296. A further 11,757 or 6.6% who were born in the same canton, while 27,359 or 15.4% were born elsewhere in Switzerland, and 77,893 or 43.8% were born outside of Switzerland.[53]
In 2008[update], there were 1,147 live births to Swiss citizens and 893 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in the same time span there were 1,114 deaths of Swiss citizens and 274 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 33, while the foreign population increased by 619. There were 465 Swiss men and 498 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 2933 non-Swiss men and 2662 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 135 and the non-Swiss population increased by 3181 people. This represents a population growth rate of 1.8%.[57]
As of 2000[update], children and teenagers (0–19 years old) made up 18.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) made up 65.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16%.[55]
As of 2000[update], there were 78,666 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 74,205 married individuals, 10,006 widows or widowers and 15,087 individuals who are divorced.[53]
As of 2000[update], there were 86,231 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.9 persons per household.[55] There were 44,373 households that consist of only one person and 2,549 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 89,269 households that answered this question, 49.7% were households made up of just one person and there were 471 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 17,429 married couples without children, 16,607 married couples with children. There were 5,499 single parents with a child or children. There were 1,852 households that were made up of unrelated people and 3,038 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.[53]
In 2000[update], there were 743 single family homes (or 10.6% of the total) out of a total of 6,990 inhabited buildings. There were 2,758 multi-family buildings (39.5%), along with 2,886 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (41.3%) and 603 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (8.6%). Of the single family homes, 197 were built before 1919, while 20 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (277) were built between 1919 and 1945.[58]
In 2000[update], there were 101,794 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 27,084. There were 21,889 single room apartments and 11,166 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 85,330 apartments (83.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 13,644 apartments (13.4%) were seasonally occupied and 2,820 apartments (2.8%) were empty.[58] As of 2009[update], the construction rate of new housing units was 1.3 new units per 1000 residents.[55]
As of 2003[update], the average price to rent an average apartment in Geneva was 1163.30 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$930, £520, €740 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 641.60 CHF (US$510, £290, €410), a two-room apartment was about 874.46 CHF (US$700, £390, €560), a three-room apartment was about 1126.37 CHF (US$900, £510, €720) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2691.07 CHF (US$2150, £1210, €1720). The average apartment price in Geneva was 104.2% of the national average of 1116 CHF.[59] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010[update], was 0.25%.[55]
In June 2011, the average price of an apartment in and around Geneva was 13,681 CHF per square metre (11 sq ft). The average can be as high as 17,589 Swiss francs (CHF) per square metre (11 sq ft) for a luxury apartment and as low as 9,847 Swiss francs (CHF) for an older or basic apartment. For houses in and around Geneva, the average price was 11,595 Swiss francs (CHF) per square metre (11 sq ft) (June 2011), with a lowest price per square metre (11 sq ft) of 4,874 Swiss francs (CHF), and a maximum price of 21,966 Swiss francs (CHF).[60]
Historical population
William Monter calculates that the city's total population was 12,000–13,000 in 1550, doubling to over 25,000 by 1560.[61]
The historical population is given in the following chart:[62]
Historic population data[62] | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Total population | German-speaking | French-speaking | Catholic | Protestant | Other | Jewish | Islamic | No religion given | Swiss | Non-Swiss |
1850 | 37,724 | 11,123 | 26,446 | 29,203 | 8,521 | ||||||
1870 | 60,004 | 27,092 | 35,064 | 39,012 | 24,507 | ||||||
1888 | 75,709 | 10,806 | 61,429 | 32,168 | 41,605 | 1,330 | 654 | 47,482 | 28,227 | ||
1900 | 97,359 | 11,703 | 77,611 | 44,958 | 49,875 | 1,918 | 1,055 | 58,376 | 38,983 | ||
1910 | 115,243 | 14,566 | 86,697 | 53,248 | 55,474 | 4,267 | 2,170 | 67,430 | 47,813 | ||
1930 | 124,121 | 18,717 | 93,058 | 49,531 | 66,016 | 4,584 | 2,224 | 92,693 | 31,428 | ||
1950 | 145,473 | 20,603 | 111,314 | 58,556 | 74,837 | 6,164 | 2,642 | 118,863 | 26,610 | ||
1970 | 173,618 | 19,657 | 111,553 | 90,555 | 65,393 | 22,591 | 3,128 | 959 | 6,164 | 115,107 | 58,511 |
1990 | 171,042 | 9,610 | 112,419 | 79,575 | 34,492 | 39,227 | 2,444 | 4,753 | 29,747 | 98,812 | 72,230 |
2000 | 177,964 | 7,050 | 128,622 | 66,491 | 26,020 | 34,972 | 2,601 | 8,698 | 41,289 | 99,935 | 78,029 |
Religion
The 2000 census[update] recorded 66,491 residents (37.4% of the population) as Catholic, while 41,289 people (23.20%) belonged to no church or were agnostic or
According to 2012 statistics by Swiss Bundesamt für Statistik 49.2% of the population were
Geneva has historically been considered a
The
"Protestant Rome"
Prior to the
Geneva was a haven for Calvinists, while Roman Catholics and others considered heretics were persecuted. The case of
In 1802, during its annexation to France under
Crime
In 2014 the incidence of crimes listed in the
Cityscape
Heritage sites of national significance
There are 82 buildings or sites in Geneva that are listed as Swiss
Religious buildings: Cathedral St-Pierre et Chapel des Macchabés, Notre-Dame Church, Russian church, St-Germain Church, Temple de la Fusterie, Temple de l'Auditoire
Civic buildings: Former Arsenal and Archives of the City of Genève, Former Crédit Lyonnais, Former Hôtel Buisson, Former Hôtel du Résident de France et Bibliothèque de la Société de lecture de Genève, Former école des arts industriels, Archives d'État de Genève (Annexe), Bâtiment des forces motrices,
Archeological sites: Foundation Baur and Museum of the arts d'Extrême-Orient, Parc et campagne de la Grange and Library (neolithic shore settlement/Roman villa), Bronze Age shore settlement of Plonjon, Temple de la Madeleine archeological site, Temple Saint-Gervais archeological site, Old City with Celtic, Roman and medieval villages.
Museums, theaters, and other cultural sites: Conservatoire de musique at Place Neuve 5, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques, Fonds cantonal d'art contemporain, Ile Rousseau and statue, Institut et Musée Voltaire with Library and Archives, Mallet House and Museum international de la Réforme, Musée Ariana, Museum of Art and History, Museum d'art moderne et contemporain, Museum d'ethnographie, Museum of the International Red Cross, Musée Rath, Natural History Museum, Plainpalais Commune Auditorium, Pitoëff Theatre, Villa Bartholoni at the Museum of History and Science.
International organizations: CERN, International Labour Organization (ILO), International Committee of the Red Cross, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), World Meteorological Organization, World Trade Organization, International Telecommunication Union, World YMCA.
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Notre-Dame Church
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Hôtel de Ville and the Tour Baudet
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Mallet House and Museum international de la Réforme
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Tavel House
Society and culture
Media
The city's main newspaper is the daily Tribune de Genève, with a readership of about 187,000. Le Courrier mainly focuses on Geneva. Both Le Temps (headquartered in Geneva) and Le Matin are widely read in Geneva, but cover the whole of the Romandy.
Geneva is the main media center for French-speaking Switzerland. It is the headquarters for the numerous French language radio and television networks of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation, known collectively as Radio Télévision Suisse. While both networks cover the whole Romandy, special programs related to Geneva are sometimes broadcast on some of the local radio frequencies. Other local radio stations broadcast from the city, including YesFM (FM 91.8 MHz), Radio Cité (non-commercial radio, FM 92.2 MHz), OneFM (FM 107.0 MHz, also broadcast in Vaud), and World Radio Switzerland (FM 88.4 MHz). Léman Bleu is a local TV channel, founded in 1996 and distributed by cable. Due to the proximity to France, many French television channels are also available.
Traditions and customs
Geneva observes Jeûne genevois on the first Thursday following the first Sunday in September. By local tradition, this commemorates the date news of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of Huguenots reached Geneva.
Geneva celebrates L'Escalade on the weekend nearest 12 December, celebrating the defeat of the surprise attack of troops sent by Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy during the night of 11–12 December 1602. Festive traditions include chocolate cauldrons filled with vegetable-shaped marzipan treats and the Escalade procession on horseback in seventeenth century armour. Geneva has also been organizing a 'Course de l'Escalade', which means 'Climbing Race'. This race takes place in Geneva's Old Town, and has been popular across all ages. Non-competitive racers dress up in fancy costumes, while walking in the race.
Since 1818, a
As this is one of the world's oldest records of a plant's reaction to climatic conditions, researchers have been interested to note that the first bud has been appearing earlier and earlier in the year. During the 19th century many dates were in March or April. In recent years, they have usually been in late February (sometimes earlier).[67] In 2002, the first bud appeared unusually early, on 7 February, and then again on 29 December of the same year. The following year, one of the hottest years recorded in Europe, was a year with no bud. In 2008, the first bud also appeared early, on 19 February.
Music and festivals
The opera house, the Grand Théâtre de Genève, which officially opened in 1876, was partly destroyed by a fire in 1951 and reopened in 1962. It has the largest stage in Switzerland. It features opera and dance performances, recitals, concerts and, occasionally, theatre. The Victoria Hall is used for classical music concerts. It is the home of the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande.
Every summer the Fêtes de Genève (Geneva Festival) are organised in Geneva. According to Radio Télévision Suisse in 2013 hundreds of thousands of people came to Geneva to see the annual hour-long grand firework display of the Fêtes de Genève.[68]
An annual music festival takes place in June. Groups of artists perform in different parts of the city. In 2016 the festival celebrated its 25th anniversary.[69]
Further annual festivals are the Fête de l'Olivier, a festival of Arabic music, organized by the ICAM since 1980,[70] and the Genevan Brass Festival, founded by Christophe Sturzenegger in 2010.[71]
Education
The Canton of Geneva's
In 2011 89,244 (37.0%) of the population had completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 107,060 or (44.3%) had completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 107,060 who completed tertiary schooling, 32.5% were Swiss men, 31.6% were Swiss women, 18.1% were non-Swiss men and 17.8% were non-Swiss women.
During the 2011–2012 school year, there were a total of 92,311 students in the Geneva school system (primary to university). The education system in the Canton of Geneva has eight years of primary school, with 32,716 students. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced study. There were 13,146 lower-secondary students who attended schools in Geneva. There were 10,486 upper-secondary students from the municipality along with 10,330 students who were in a professional, non-university track program. An additional 11,797 students were attending private schools.[74]
Geneva is home to the University of Geneva where approximately 16,500 students are regularly enrolled.[75] In 1559 John Calvin founded the Geneva Academy, a theological and humanist seminary. In the 19th century the academy lost its ecclesiastic links and in 1873, with the addition of a medical faculty, it became the University of Geneva. In 2011 it was ranked 35th European university.[76]
The
Geneva is also home to more than a dozen private, for-profit universities whose activities have come under scrutiny for offering degrees that are not recognized in Switzerland and engaging in "unscrupulous practices". These schools include the Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations, the International University in Geneva, the Geneva Business School and IFM Business School.[77]
The oldest international school in the world is the International School of Geneva, founded in 1924 along with the League of Nations.
Founded in 1954, CERN was one of Europe's first joint ventures and has developed as the world's largest particle physics laboratory. Physicists from around the world travel to CERN to research matter and explore the fundamental forces and materials that form the universe. It hosts the Large Hadron Collider.
Geneva is home to five major libraries, the Bibliothèques municipales Genève, the Haute école de travail social, the Institut d'études sociales, the Haute école de santé, the École d'ingénieurs de Genève and the Haute école d'art et de design. There were (as of 2008[update]) 877,680 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year 1,798,980 items were loaned.[78]
Economy
Geneva's economy is largely service-driven and closely linked to the rest of the canton. The city is one of the global leaders in financial centres.[79] Three main sectors dominate the financial sector: commodity trading; trade finance, and wealth management.
Around a third of the world's free traded oil, sugar, grains and oil seeds is traded in Geneva. Approximately 22% of the world's cotton is traded in the Lake Geneva region. Other major commodities traded in the canton include steel, electricity, or coffee.
Wealth management is dominated by non-publicly listed banks and private banks, particularly
Behind the financial sector, the next largest major economic sector is watchmaking, dominated by luxury firms Rolex, Richemont, Patek Philippe, Piaget, Roger Dubuis, and others, whose factories are concentrated in the Les Acacias neighbourhood, as well as the neighbouring municipalities of Plan-les-Ouates, Satigny, and Meyrin.
Trade finance, wealth management, and watchmaking, approximately contribute two thirds of the corporate tax paid in the canton[81]
Other large multinationals are also headquartered in the city and canton, such as Firmenich (in Satigny), and Givaudan (in Vernier), the world's two largest manufacturers of flavours, fragrances and active cosmetic ingredients; SGS, the world's largest inspection, verification, testing and certification services company; Temenos, a large banking software provider; or the local headquarters for Procter & Gamble, Japan Tobacco International, or L'Oréal (in Vernier).
Although they do not directly contribute to the local economy, the city of Geneva is also host to the world's largest concentration of international organisations and UN agencies, such as the
Its international mindedness, well-connected
Agriculture is commonplace in the hinterlands of Geneva, particularly wheat and wine. Despite its relatively small size, the canton produces around 10% of the Swiss wine and has the highest vineyard density in the country.[82] The largest strains grown in Geneva are gamay, chasselas, pinot noir, gamaret, and chardonnay.
As of 2019[update], Geneva had an unemployment rate of 3.9%.[83] As of 2008[update], there were five[clarification needed] people employed in the primary economic sector and about three[clarification needed] businesses involved in this sector. 9,783 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 1,200 businesses in this sector. 134,429 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 12,489 businesses in this sector.[55] There were 91,880 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, with women making up 47.7% of the workforce.
In 2008[update], the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 124,185. The number of jobs in the primary sector was four, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 9,363 of which 4,863 or (51.9%) were in manufacturing and 4,451 (47.5%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 114,818. In the tertiary sector; 16,573 or 14.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 3,474 or 3.0% were in the movement and storage of goods, 9,484 or 8.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4,544 or 4.0% were in the information industry, 20,982 or 18.3% were the insurance or financial industry, 12,177 or 10.6% were technical professionals or scientists, 10,007 or 8.7% were in education and 15,029 or 13.1% were in health care.[84]
In 2000[update], there were 95,190 workers who commuted into the municipality and 25,920 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 3.7 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 13.8% of the workforce coming into Geneva are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.4% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work.[85] Of the working population, 38.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 30.6% used a private car.[55]
Sport
The town is home to Servette FC, a football club founded in 1890 and named after a borough on the right bank of the Rhône. It is the most successful football club in Romandy, and the third in Switzerland overall, with 17 league titles and 7 Swiss Cups.[91] The home of Servette FC is the 30,000-seat Stade de Genève. Servette FC plays in the Credit Suisse Super League. Étoile Carouge FC and Urania Genève Sport also play in the city.
Geneva is home to the basketball team Lions de Genève, 2013 and 2015 champions of the Swiss Basketball League. The team plays its home games in the Pavilion des Sports.
Geneva Jets Australian Football Club have been playing Australian Football in the AFL Switzerland league since 2019.
Infrastructure
Transportation
This section needs to be updated.(July 2020) |
The city is served by the
Public transport by bus, trolleybus or tram is provided by
Trains operated by
In 2011 work started on the CEVA rail (Cornavin – Eaux-Vives – Annemasse) project, first planned in 1884, which will connect Cornavin with the Cantonal hospital, Eaux-Vives railway station and Annemasse, in France. The link between the main railway station and the classification yard of La Praille already exists; from there, the line runs mostly underground to the Hospital and Eaux-Vives, where it links to the existing line to France. The line fully opened in December 2019, as part of the Léman Express regional rail network.
In May 2013, the demonstrator
Taxis in Geneva can be difficult to find, and may need to be booked in advance, especially in the early morning or at peak hours. Taxis can refuse to take babies and children because of
An ambitious project to close 200 streets in the centre of Geneva to cars was approved by the Geneva cantonal authorities in 2010 and was planned to be implemented over a span of four years (2010–2014), though as of 2018[update], work on the project has yet to be started.[95]
Utilities
Water, natural gas and electricity are provided to the
International organisations
Geneva is the European headquarters of the
Apart from the UN agencies, Geneva hosts many
The
Organizations on the European level include the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) which is the world's largest particle physics laboratory.
The Geneva Environment Network (GEN) publishes the Geneva Green Guide,[97] an extensive listing of Geneva-based global organisations working on environmental protection and sustainable development. A website,[98] jointly run by the Swiss Government, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, the United Nations Environment Programme and the International Union for Conservation of Nature, includes accounts of how NGOs, business, government and the UN cooperate. By doing so, it attempts to explain why Geneva has been picked by so many NGOs and UN bodies as their headquarters' location.
The World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Scout Bureau Central Office are headquartered in Geneva.
Notable people
A–C
- Alfredo Aceto (born 1991), a visual artist
- Red Cross (ICRC)[99]
- David Aebischer (born 1978), ice hockey goaltender, 2001 Stanley Cup champion
- Jacques-Laurent Agasse (1767–1849), animal and landscape painter[100]
- Jeff Agoos (born 1968), retired American soccer defender, 134 caps for the US team
- Henri-Frédéric Amiel (1821–1881), moral philosopher, poet and critic[101]
- Gustave Amoudruz (1885–1963), sports shooter, bronze medallist at the 1920 Summer Olympics
- Adolphe Appia (1862–1928), architect and theorist of stage lighting and décor.
- Philip Arditti (born c. 1980), British/Jewish Sephardic theatre and television actor[102]
- Aimé Argand (1750–1803), physicist and chemist, invented the Argand lamp[103]
- Argand diagram[104]
- Martha Argerich (born 1941), an Argentine classical concert pianist
- John Armleder (born 1948), performance artist, painter, sculptor, critic and curator
- Germaine Aussey (1909–1979), née Agassiz, an actress of Swiss origin who settled in Geneva in 1960[105]
- Alexandre Bardinon (born 2002), racing driver
- Pierre Bardinon (1931–2012), businessman and car collector
- Mathias Beche (born 1986), racing driver
- Jean-Luc Bideau (born 1940), film actor[106]
- Ernest Bloch (1880–1959), US composer of Swiss origin
- Roger Bocquet (1921–1994), footballer who won 48 caps for Switzerland
- Raoul Marie Joseph Count de Boigne (1862–1949), a French sports shooter, bronze medallist at the 1908 Summer Olympics
- Caroline Boissier-Butini (1786–1836), pianist and composer
- François Bonivard (1493–1570), Geneva ecclesiastic, historian and libertine[107]
- Charles Bonnet (1720–1793), naturalist and philosophical writer[108]
- Collège de Genève
- Marc-Théodore Bourrit (1739–1819), traveller and writer[109]
- Nicolas Bouvier (1929–1998), writer and photographer
- Clotilde Bressler-Gianoli (1875–1912), an Italian opera singer
- Christiane Brunner (born 1947), politician, lawyer and trade union champion
- Mickaël Buffaz (born 1979), French cyclist
- Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui (1694–1748), Genevan legal and political theorist[110]
- Cécile Butticaz (1884–1966), engineer
- Kate Burton (born 1957), actress, the daughter of actor Richard Burton[111]
- John Calvin (1509–1564), influential theologian, reformer[112]
- Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778–1841), botanist, worked on plant classification[113]
- Clint Capela (born 1994), professional basketball player
- Jean de Carro (1770–1857), Vienna-based physician, promoted vaccination against smallpox[114]
- Isaac Casaubon (1559–1614), a classical scholar and philologist[115]
- Méric Casaubon (1599–1671), son of Isaac Casaubon, a French-English classical scholar[116]
- Mike Castro de Maria (born 1972), electronic music composer
- Swiss Federal Council1864–1872
- Alfred Edward Chalon RA (1780–1860), portrait painter[117]
- John James Chalon RA (1778–1854), painter of landscapes, marine scenes and animal life[118]
- Marguerite Champendal (1870–1928), first Genevan to have obtained her doctorate in medicine at the University of Geneva (1900)
- Henri Christiné (1867–1941), French composer of sparkling, witty, jazzy musical plays[119]
- Victor Cherbuliez (1829–1899), novelist and author[120]
- Étienne Clavière (1735–1793), banker and politician of the French revolution[121]
- Paulo Coelho (born 1947), Brazilian lyricist and novelist, author of The Alchemist, residing in Geneva[122]
- Renée Colliard (1933–2022), former alpine skier, gold medallist at the 1956 Winter Olympics
- Gabriel Cramer (1704–1752), Genevan mathematician[123]
D–G
- Maryam d'Abo (born 1960), English film and TV actress and Bond girl[124]
- Jacques-Antoine Dassier (1715–1759), a Genevan medallist, active in London[125]
- Michel Decastel (born 1955), football manager and midfielder, 314 club caps, 19 for Switzerland
- Jean-Denis Delétraz (born 1963), racing driver
- Louis Delétraz (born 1997), racing driver
- Jean-Louis de Lolme (1740–1806), lawyer and constitutional writer[126]
- Jean-André Deluc (1727–1817), geologist, natural philosopher and meteorologist[127]
- Joël Dicker (born 1985), author and novelist
- Giovanni Diodati (1576–1649), Italian Calvinist theologian and Bible translator[128]
- Élie Ducommun (1833–1906), peace activist, 1902 Nobel Peace Prize winner
- Armand Dufaux (1833–1941), aviation pioneer, flew the length of Lake Geneva in 1910
- Henri Dufaux (1879–1980), French-Swiss aviation pioneer, inventor, painter and politician
- Pierre Étienne Louis Dumont (1759–1829), Genevan political writer[129]
- Red Cross, first recipient of Nobel Peace Prizein 1901
- Emmanuel-Étienne Duvillard (1775–1832), Swiss economist
- Isabelle Eberhardt (1877–1904), Russian-Swiss explorer and travel writer
- Empress Elisabeth of Austria (1837–1898), Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary[130]
- Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice (born 1972), a member of the House of Savoy
- Louis Favre (1826–1879), engineer, responsible for the construction of the Gotthard Tunnel
- Philippe Favre (1961–2013), racing driver
- Henri Fazy (1842–1920), politician and historian[131]
- Edmond Fleg, born Flegenheimer (1874–1963), a Swiss-French writer, thinker, novelist, essayist and playwright
- Ian Fleming (1908–1964), author (James Bond), studied psychology briefly in Geneva in 1931
- Sylvie Fleury (born 1961), a contemporary object artist of installation art and mixed media
- Sir Augustus Wollaston Franks KCB FRS FSA (1826–1897), English antiquary and museum administrator[132]
- Pierre-Victor Galland (1822–1892), painter
- Agénor de Gasparin (1810–1871), French statesman and author, also researched table-turning[135]
- Valérie de Gasparin (1813–1894), woman of letters, regards freedom, equality and creativity[136]
- François Gaussen (1790–1863), Protestant divine[137]
- Marcel Golay (1927–2015), astronomer[138]
- Claude Goretta (1929–2019), film director and television producer[139][140]
- Emilie Gourd (1879–1946), journalist and activist for Women's suffrage in Switzerland
- Isabelle Graesslé (born 1959), theologian, feminist and former museum director, moderator of ministers and deacons at the Protestant Church of Geneva
- Bonnie Bennett in The Vampire Diaries[141]
- Cédric Grand (born 1976), bobsledder, competed in four Winter Olympics, bronze medallist at the 2006 Winter Olympics
- Andretti Autosport in the IndyCar Series. He is mainly known for his massive crash at the 2020 Bahrain Grand Prix.
H–M
- Admiral of the Fleet Lord John Hay GCB (1827–1916), Royal Navy officer and politician
- Divisioniststyles
- Germain Henri Hess (1802–1850), a Swiss-Russian chemist and doctor, formulated Hess's law
- Esperantist
- Fulk Greville Howard (1773–1846), an English politician[142]
- Jean Huber (1721–1786), a painter, silhouettiste, soldier and author
- François Huber (1750–1831), naturalist, studied the respiration of bees[143]
- Marie Huber (1695–1753), translator, editor and author of theological works
- Pierre Jeanneret (1896–1967), architect, collaborated with his cousin Le Corbusier
- Thomas Jouannet (born 1970), actor[144]
- Charles Journet (1891–1975), cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
- Louis Jurine (1751–1819), physician, surgeon, naturalist and entomologist
- Sonia Kacem (born 1985), Swiss-born visual artist
- Michael Krausz (born 1942), American philosopher, an artist and orchestral conductor
- Federal Council of Switzerland1892–1899
- François Lachenal (1918–1997), a publisher and diplomat
- Paul Lachenal (1884–1955), politician, co-founded Orchestre de la Suisse Romande
- Marie Laforêt (1939–2019), a French singer and actress[145]
- Sarah Lahbati (born 1993), actress and singer[146]
- François Le Fort (1656–1699), first Russian Admiral[147]
- Georges-Louis Le Sage (1724–1803), physicist, Le Sage's theory of gravitation
- Henri Leconte (born 1963), former French professional tennis player, men's singles finalist, French Open 1988
- Philippe Le Royer (1816–1897), French and Swiss politician and lawyer, served France as the Minister of Justice and President of the Senate[149]
- Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924), lived in Geneva 1902–1905 as an exile from the Russian Empire
- Jean-Étienne Liotard (1702–1789), painter,[150] art connoisseur and dealer[151]
- Corinne Maier (born 1963), psychoanalyst, economist, and best-selling writer[152]
- Ella Maillart (1903–1997), adventurer, travel writer and photographer, as well as a sportswoman
- Solomon Caesar Malan (1812–1894), oriental linguist and biblical scholar[153]
- Jacques Mallet du Pan (1749–1800), Genevan-French royalist journalist[154]
- Alexander Marcet FRS (1770–1822), physician who became a British citizen in 1800[155]
- Jane Marcet (1769–1858), an innovative writer of popular introductory science books[156]
- Sebastian Marka (born 1978), German film director and editor
- The Statesman's Year Book
- Nicolas Maulini (born 1981), racing driver
- Théodore Maunoir (1806–1869), co-founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross
- Amélie Mauresmo (born 1979), former professional tennis player and former world No.1
- Barthélemy Menn (1815–1893), a landscape painter, introduced painting en plein air
- Alain Menu (born 1963), racing driver
- Heinrich Menu von Minutoli (1772–1846), a Prussian Generalmajor, explorer and archaeologist
- Jacques-Barthélemy Micheli du Crest (1690–1766), military engineer, physicist and cartographer
- Giorgio Mondini (born 1980), racing driver
- Stephanie Morgenstern (born 1965), Canadian actress, filmmaker and screenwriter[157]
- Edoardo Mortara (born 1987), Swiss-Italian racing driver
- Thierry Moutinho (born 1991), Swiss-Portuguese footballer
- Red Cross
N–R
- Louis XVI of France[158]
- Louis Albert Necker (1786–1861), a crystallographer and geographer, devised the Necker cube
- Felix Neff (1798–1829), Protestant divine and philanthropist[159]
- Alfred Newton FRS HFRSE (1829–1907), English zoologist and ornithologist[160]
- Karim Ojjeh (born 1965), Saudi Arabian businessman and racing driver
- Julie Ordon (born 1984), model and actress[161]
- Rémy Pagani (born 1954), politician, Mayor of Geneva 2009/10 and 2012/13
- Liliane Maury Pasquier (born 1956), politician
- PATjE (born 1970), birth name Patrice Jauffret, a singer, songwriter, and musician[162]
- Faule Petitot (1572–1629), sculptor, cabinetmaker and architect, citizen of Geneva since 1615[163]
- Jean Petitot (1607–1691), enamel painter, son of Faule[164]
- Carmen Perrin (born 1953), Bolivian-born Swiss visual artist, designer, and educator.
- Jean Piaget (1896–1980), clinical psychologist, devised genetic epistemology
- modernist nouveau romanwriter
- George Pitt, 1st Baron Rivers (1721–1803), English diplomat and politician[165]
- Barbara Polla (born 1950), medical doctor, gallery owner, art curator and writer
- neoclassicalstyle
- Jean-Louis Prévost (1838–1927), neurologist and physiologist
- Pierre Prévost (1751–1839), philosopher, physicist wrote the law of exchange in radiation[167]
- Tariq Ramadan (born 1962), a Swiss Muslim academic, philosopher and writer
- Marcel Raymond (1897–1981), a literary critic of French literature of the "Geneva School"
- Flore Revalles (1889–1966), singer, dancer and actress[168]
- Charles Pierre Henri Rieu (1820–1902), Orientalist and Professor of Arabic[169]
- Auguste Arthur de la Rive (1801–1873), a physicist, worked on the heat of gases[170]
- Charles-Gaspard de la Rive (1770–1834), physicist, psychiatrist and politician
- François Jules Pictet de la Rive (1809–1872), zoologist and palaeontologist[171]
- Tibor Rosenbaum (1923–1980), rabbi and businessman
- Marc Rosset (born 1970), former pro tennis player, gold medallist at the 1992 Olympic Games
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778), writer and philosopher[172]
- Jean Rousset (1910–2002), literary critic and early structuralism writer of the Geneva School
- Xavier Ruiz (born 1970), film producer and director[173]
S–Z
- semiotician
- Horace Bénédict de Saussure (1740–1799), geologist, meteorologist, physicist, and Alpine explorer[174]
- Nicolas-Théodore de Saussure (1767–1845), chemist, studied plant physiology, advanced phytochemistry[175]
- Léon Savary (1895–1968), writer and journalist
- Michael Schade (born 1965), a Canadian operatic tenor[176]
- Johann Jacob Schweppe (1740–1821), watchmaker developed Schweppes bottled carbonated water
- Marguerite Sechehaye (1887–1965), a psychotherapist, treated people with schizophrenia
- Louis Segond (1810–1885), theologian and translator, pastor in Chêne-Bougeries
- Philippe Senderos (born 1985), footballer, over 200 club caps and 57 for Switzerland
- Jean Senebier (1742–1809), pastor and voluminous writer on vegetable physiology[177]
- Liberato Firmino Sifonia (1917–1996), an Italian composer
- Pierre Eugene du Simitiere (1737–1784), naturalist, American patriot and portrait painter.
- Michel Simon (1895–1975), actor[178]
- Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi (1773–1842), historian and political economist[179]
- CIA
- Encyclopédiste[180]
- Terry Southern (1924–1995), American author, essayist and screenwriter; lived in Geneva 1956–59[181]
- Ezekiel Spanheim(1629–1710), Prussian diplomat
- University of Leiden
- Jacques Charles François Sturm (1803–1855), French mathematician[182]
- Émile Taddéoli (1879–1920), Swiss aviation pioneer
- Alain Tanner (1929–2022), film director[183]
- Sigismund Thalberg (1812–1871), Austrian composer and pianist[184]
- Max Thurian (1921–1996), theologian, known as Frère Max
- Pierre Tirard (1827–1893), French politician[185]
- Rodolphe Töpffer (1799–1846), teacher, author, painter, cartoonist and caricaturist[186]
- Wolfgang-Adam Töpffer (1766–1847), painter of landscapes and watercolors[187]
- Vico Torriani (1920–1998), singer, actor, show host[188]
- Georges Trombert (1874–1949), a French fencer, silver and bronze medallist at the 1920 Summer Olympics
- Théodore Tronchin (1709–1781), a Genevan physician[189]
- François Turrettini (1623–1687), a Genevan-Italian Reformed scholastic theologian[190]
- Jean Alphonse Turrettini (1671–1737), reformed theologian[191]
- Princess Vittoria of Savoy (2003), heir to the Italian throne
- François Vivares (1709–1780), French landscape-engraver, active in England[192]
- Johann Vogel (born 1977), former footballer, played 94 games for Switzerland
- Prince Andrei Volkonsky (1933–2008), Russian composer of classical music and harpsichordist[193]
- Voltaire (1694–1778), French philosopher, historian, dramatist and man of letters; lived at Les Délices 1755–1760[194]
- Nedd Willard (1926–2018), writer
- RMS Titanicsurvivor
- Pierre Wissmer (1915–1992), Swiss-French composer, pianist and music teacher
- Jean Ziegler (born 1934), politician and sociologist
- Reto Ziegler (born 1986), footballer, has played 35 games for Switzerland
See also
- Outline of Geneva
- Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire (Geneva)
- Boule de Genève
- Calvin Auditory, a chapel that played a significant role in the Reformation
- Circuit des Nations, the historic racetrack
- Franco-Provençal language
- Geneva Freeport
- Geneva Summit for Human Rights and Democracy
Notes
- : Genevra
References
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missing title (help - ^ "Geneva". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020.
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- ^ Functional Urban Area of Geneva was made up of 93 Swiss communes and 158 French communes: Federal Statistical Office spreadsheet listing the Swiss and French communes of the Geneva Functional Urban Area.).
Land area of the 93 Swiss communes: 555.1 km² (source: [1]).
Land area of the 158 French communes: 1737.1 km² (source: [2] - ^ Functional Urban Area of Geneva was made up of 93 Swiss communes and 158 French communes: Federal Statistical Office spreadsheet listing the Swiss and French communes of the Geneva Functional Urban Area.).
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- ^ a b Grand Genève is made up of:
- Canton of Geneva (245.8 km²)[5]
- District of Nyon (307.4 km²)[6]
- Genevois français (1443.2 km²), itself made up of CA Thonon Agglomération (238.9 km²)[7], CA Annemasse-les Voirons-Agglomération (78.2 km²)[8], CC Arve et Salève (99.3 km²)[9], CC du Pays Rochois (93.9 km²)[10], CC Faucigny-Glières (150.7 km²)[11], CC du Genevois (151.5 km²)[12], CA du Pays de Gex (404.9 km²)[13], and CC du Pays Bellegardien (225.8 km²)[14].
- ^ a b Grand Genève is made up of:
- Canton of Geneva (504,128 inh. in Jan. 2020)[15]
- District of Nyon (101,914 inh. in Jan. 2020)[16]
- Genevois français (431,365 inh. in Jan. 2020), itself made up of CA Thonon Agglomération (92,185 inh.)[17], CA Annemasse-les Voirons-Agglomération (92,176 inh.)[18], CC Arve et Salève (20,255 inh.)[19], CC du Pays Rochois (28,675 inh.)[20], CC Faucigny-Glières (27,218 inh.)[21], CC du Genevois (48,578 inh.)[22], CA du Pays de Gex (100,314 inh.)[23], and CC du Pays Bellegardien (21,964 inh.)[24].
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Bibliography
- Geneva (municipality) in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- Joëlle Kuntz, Geneva and the call of internationalism. A history, éditions Zoé, 2011, 96 pages (ISBN 978-2-88182-855-3).
External links
- Official website (in French) (in English)
- Geneva Tourist Information Office
- Geneva public transport
- Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). pp. 587–592. .