Geographic information science
Geographic information science (GIScience, GISc) or geoinformation science is a
As a field of study or profession, it can be contrasted with
British geographer Michael Goodchild defined this area in the 1990s and summarized its core interests, including spatial analysis, visualization, and the representation of uncertainty.[4] GIScience is conceptually related to geomatics, information science, computer science, and data science, but it claims the status of an independent scientific discipline.[5] Recent developments in the field have expanded its focus to include studies on human dynamics in hybrid physical-virtual worlds, quantum GIScience, the development of smart cities, and the social and environmental impacts of technological innovations.[6] These advancements indicate a growing intersection of GIScience with contemporary societal and technological issues. Overlapping disciplines are: geocomputation, geoinformatics, geomatics and geovisualization.[7] Other related terms are geographic data science (after data science)[8][9] and geographic information science and technology (GISci&T),[10] with job titles geospatial information scientists and technologists.[11]
Definitions
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Since its inception in the 1990s, the boundaries between GIScience and cognate disciplines are contested, and different communities might disagree on what GIScience is and what it studies. In particular, Goodchild stated that "information science can be defined as the systematic study according to scientific principles of the nature and properties of information. Geographic information science is the subset of information science that is about geographic information."[12] Another influential definition is that by geographic information scientist (GIScientist) David Mark, which states:
Geographic Information Science (GIScience) is the basic research field that seeks to redefine geographic concepts and their use in the context of geographic information systems. GIScience also examines the impacts of GIS on individuals and society, and the influences of society on GIS. GIScience re-examines some of the most fundamental themes in traditional spatially oriented fields such as geography, cartography, and geodesy, while incorporating more recent developments in cognitive and information science. It also overlaps with and draws from more specialized research fields such as computer science, statistics, mathematics, and psychology, and contributes to progress in those fields. It supports research in political science and anthropology, and draws on those fields in studies of geographic information and society.[13]
In 2009, Goodchild summarized the history of GIScience and its achievements and open challenges.[14]
See also
- Category:Geographic information scientists
- Geographic Information Science and Technology Body of Knowledge
- Geostatistics
- Organizations
- Association of Geographic Information Laboratories for Europe
- National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
- UCSB Center for Spatial Studies
- University Consortium for Geographic Information Science
- United States Geospatial Intelligence Foundation
- Journals
- GIScience & Remote Sensing
- International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
- International Journal of Geographical Information Science
- Journal of Spatial Information Science
References
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- ISBN 978-1-84826-960-6.
- .
- . Retrieved 2015-09-18.
- ISBN 9780203009543.
- ^ "Symposium 2023". www.ucgis.org. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
- .
- ISSN 0016-7363.
- ISSN 0272-1716.
- ISBN 978-1-119-95059-2.
- O*NETCode Connector. 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2022-01-28.
- .
- ISBN 9780203009543.
- S2CID 13308017.