Geographical constituency
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In
History
Geographical constituencies (GC) were first introduced in Hong Kong's first legislative election with direct elections in
, 5 geographical constituencies were established returned by proportional representation with 3-9 seats each:1998 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hong Kong Island | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 6 | |
Kowloon West | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||
Kowloon East | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | |
New Territories West | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 | ||
New Territories East | 5 | 7 | 9 | |||
Total no. of GC seats | 20 | 24 | 30 | 35 |
In 2010, the Government's motion for amending Annex II of the Basic Law was passed. As a result, 5 new seats were added to Geographical Constituencies, making a total of 35.
Changes to electoral system
The following table summarises the changes to the electoral system of Geographical Constituencies since 1991:
Election Year | Voting system | Number of constituencies |
District magnitude |
Total number of GC seats |
Proportion of LegCo seats |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1991 | Plurality-at-large
|
9 constituencies | 2 seats | 18 seats | 29.5% |
1995 | First-past-the-post voting | 20 constituencies | 1 seat | 20 seats | 33.3% |
1998 | Proportional representation (Largest remainder method: Hare quota) |
5 constituencies | 3-9 seats | 20 seats | 33.3% |
2000 | 24 seats | 40% | |||
2004 | 30 seats | 50% | |||
2008 | |||||
2012 | 35 seats | 50% | |||
2016 | |||||
2021 | Single non-transferable vote | 10 constituencies | 2 seats | 20 seats | 22.2% |
Changes to districting
The following table charts the evolution of districting of geographical constituencies of the LegCo:
2021 electoral reform
20 seats of the Legislative Council are returned by geographical constituencies (GC) through single non-transferable vote with a district magnitude of 2 ("binomial system"). The binomial system was instituted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in its amendment to Annex 2 of the Basic Law on 30 March 2021.[2]
The proportional representation system used between 1998 and 2016 was scrapped. The reduction of the number of members returned by geographic constituencies has been described as "significantly curbing democratic representation in Hong Kong's institutions".[3] These changes have been described as a shift in power away from Hong Kong's urban core and towards the outer, less densely populated regions closer to mainland China, where pro-Beijing candidates tend to fare better.
10 geographical constituencies were established for the 2021 election:
Geographical constituency | Number of voters[4] | Number of seats | Voting system |
---|---|---|---|
Hong Kong Island East | 424,849 | 2 | Single non-transferable vote |
Hong Kong Island West | 374,795 | ||
Kowloon East | 475,223 | ||
Kowloon West | 381,484 | ||
Kowloon Central | 454,595 | ||
New Territories South East | 472,751 | ||
New Territories North | 431,604 | ||
New Territories North West | 468,752 | ||
New Territories South West | 510,558 | ||
New Territories North East | 478,252 |
See also
- Elections in Hong Kong
- Hong Kong legislative elections
- List of constituencies of Hong Kong
- Party-list proportional representation
References
- ^ Cap 542 s18 Establishment of geographical constituencies Legislative Council Ordinance
- ^ "Geographical constituency boundary maps in respect of 2021 Legislative Council General Election available for public viewing". www.info.gov.hk. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
- ^ "Hong Kong announces more electoral system changes favouring pro-Beijing camp". Reuters. 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
- ^ "No. of electors in the 2021 final registers". Registration and Electoral Office. Retrieved 4 February 2022.