Geography of Nauru

Coordinates: 0°32′S 166°55′E / 0.533°S 166.917°E / -0.533; 166.917
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Nauru
Nauruan people
Enlargeable, detailed map of Nauru

Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia
.

Its land area is 21 km2 (8.1 sq mi), and it has a 30-kilometre coastline (19 mi). Maritime claims are an

Exclusive Economic Zone
of 308,480 km2 (119,100 sq mi) with 200-nautical-miles (370 km), and a 12-nautical-mile (22 km) territorial sea.

The

tropical with a monsoon
rainy season from November to February.

A sandy beach rises to the fertile ring around raised

fringing coral reefs.[1]
The raised phosphate plateau ('Topside') takes up the central portion of the island. The highest point is 213 ft (65 m) above sea level, along the plateau rim.

Nauru's only economically significant natural resources are phosphates, formed from guano deposits by seabirds, and fisheries,[2] particularly for tuna.

Due to being surrounded by

harbours, nor any rivers or substantial lakes
.

Nauru has a unique navigational system, which is only capable of being used on the island.

Geology of Nauru

Main article: Geology of Nauru
An aerial image of Nauru in 2002 from the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. Regenerated vegetation covers 63% of land that was mined.[3]

Nauru is a

seawater. The coral was raised above sea level about 30 metres and is now a dolomite limestone outcrop which was eroded in classic karst style into pinnacles up to 20 metres high. To at least a depth of 55 metres below sea level, the limestone has been dissolved forming cavities, sinkholes, and caves. Holes on the topside of the island were filled up by a phosphate
layer up to several metres thick.

Anibare Bay was formed by the underwater collapse of the east side of the volcano. Buada Lagoon was formed by solution of the limestone when the sea level was lower, followed by collapse.

Nauru is moving at 104 mm (4.1 in) per year to the northwest along with the Pacific Plate.

Freshwater can be found in Buada lagoon, and also in some brackish ponds at the escarpment base in Ijuw and Anabar in the northeast. There is an underground lake in Moqua Cave in the southeast of the island. Since there are no streams or rivers on Nauru, water must be gathered from roof catchment systems. Water is also brought to Nauru as ballast on ships returning for loads of phosphate.[4]

Environmental issues

  • Periodic droughts, limited natural freshwater resources (roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant)
  • Extreme soil conditions are caused by high alkalinity, high phosphate levels, and low potassium. Iron, manganese, copper, molybdenum, and zinc are rendered unavailable to plants. Combined with thin or damaged soils this causes low fertility.
  • Intensive
    phosphate mining
    during the past 90 years has left the central 80% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources.

Nauru is a party to the international environmental agreements on

marine dumping
.

Climate

Climate change in the Pacific Islands

Nauru's climate is hot and very humid year-round because of its proximity to the equator and the ocean. Nauru is hit by monsoon rains between November and February, but rarely has cyclones. Annual rainfall is highly variable and is influenced by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, with several significant recorded droughts.[5][6] The temperature on Nauru ranges between 30 and 35 °C (86 and 95 °F) during the day and is quite stable at around 25 °C (77 °F) at night.[7]

Climate data for Yaren District, Nauru
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 34
(93) 		37
(99) 		35
(95) 		35
(95) 		32
(90) 		32
(90) 		35
(95) 		33
(91) 		35
(95) 		34
(93) 		36
(97) 		35
(95) 		37
(99)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		30
(86) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		31
(88) 		30
(87)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		25
(77)
Record low °C (°F) 21
(70) 		21
(70) 		21
(70) 		21
(70) 		20
(68) 		21
(70) 		20
(68) 		21
(70) 		20
(68) 		21
(70) 		21
(70) 		21
(70) 		20
(68)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 280
(11.0) 		250
(9.8) 		190
(7.5) 		190
(7.5) 		120
(4.7) 		110
(4.3) 		150
(5.9) 		130
(5.1) 		120
(4.7) 		100
(3.9) 		120
(4.7) 		280
(11.0) 		2,080
(81.9)
Average precipitation days 16 14 13 11 9 9 12 14 11 10 13 15 152
Source: Weatherbase

Extreme points

This is a list of the extreme points of Nauru, the points that are farther north, south, east or west or higher than any other location.

References

  1. ^ CIA factbook. "Nauru Terrain - Geography". www.indexmundi.com. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  2. ^ Annual Report Part 1: Information on Fisheries, Research and Statistics: Republic of Nauru. Archived 2020-07-03 at the Wayback Machine Working Paper 17 of the 4th Scientific Committee of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. WCPFC 2008.
  3. ^ Republic of Nauru. 1999. Climate Change Response Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change URL Accessed 2006-05-03
  4. ^ "Yaren | district, Nauru". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-09-02.
  5. ^ Nauru Department of Economic Development and Environment (2003). "First National Report to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification" (PDF). United Nations. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  6. ISBN 978-92-1-070936-1
    .
  7. ^ "Pacific Climate Change Science Program" (PDF). Government of Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2012.

See also

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