Geography of antisemitism

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Antisemitic tropes Andinia Plan Blood libel Cohen Plan Cultural Bolshevism Cultural Marxism Deicide Finance control Franklin Prophecy Host desecration International​ Jewish conspiracy Jewish lobby Jewish war conspiracy theory Judensau Judeo-Bolshevism Żydokomuna Judeo-Masonism Kosher tax Media control QAnon Rootless cosmopolitan Doctors' plot Slánský trial Stab-in-the-back myth Well poisoning White genocide ZOG conspiracy
Antisemitic publications The Barnes Review Culture of Critique Currency Wars The Dearborn Independent Ethnic Cleansing (video game) La France juive Hitlers Zweites Buch Hunter (William Luther Pierce) 1988 Hamas Charter The International Jew La Libre Parole The Light Mein Kampf On the Jews and Their Lies Our Race Will Rule Undisputed Over The World Protocols of the Elders of Zion The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews Siege The Turner Diaries
Antisemitism on the Internet 4chan (/pol/) 8chan The Daily Stormer Disclose.tv Europa: The Last Battle Gab Goebbels Gap GoyimTV Groypers Jew Watch Metapedia The Occidental Observer Red Ice Renegade Tribune The Right Stuff (blog) StoneToss Stormfront Terrorgram Triple parentheses TruNews The Unz Review Veterans Today
Prominent figures Baked Alaska Andrew Anglin Louis Beam Don Black James von Brunn Richard Girnt Butler Édouard Drumont David Duke Adolf Eichmann Louis Farrakhan Henry Ford Theodor Fritsch Nick Fuentes Joseph Goebbels Heinrich Himmler Adolf Hitler Arthur J. Jones Osama bin Laden David Lane Ernest G. Liebold Martin Luther Kevin MacDonald Eustace Mullins William Luther Pierce Richard B. Spencer Joseph Stalin Julius Streicher Kevin Alfred Strom Rick Wiles Ernst Zündel Corneliu Zelea Codreanu Ion Antonescu Horia Sima A. C. Cuza Octavian Goga Gheorghe Buzatu Nae Ionescu Nichifor Crainic Ioan Slavici László Ferenczy Philippe Pétain Symon Petliura Stepan Bandera Gamal Abdel Nasser Richard Wagner
Persecution Rhineland massacres Black Death persecutions Boycotts Expulsions Jewish quarter Ghettos in Europe Mellah The Holocaust Jewish hat Jewish quota Judensau Martyrdom in Judaism Nuremberg Laws Pale of Settlement Pogroms Russian Empire Russian Civil War Refuseniks Segregation Spanish Inquisition Yellow badge
Opposition Anti-Defamation League Campaign Against Antisemitism Community Security Trust Fundamental Rights Agency Philosemitism Simon Wiesenthal Center Southern Poverty Law Center Stephen Roth Institute Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism Union of Councils for Soviet Jews UN Watch U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism Wiener Holocaust Library Working definition of antisemitism (IHRA) Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism Three Ds of antisemitism Yad Vashem
Category
v t e

This is a list of countries where

Africa

Algeria

Upon independence in 1962 only Muslims were permitted Algerian citizenship, and 95% of Algeria's 140,000 Jewish population left. Since 1870 (briefly revoked by Vichy France in 1940), most Jews in Algeria had French citizenship, and they mainly went to France, with some going to Israel.

By 1969, fewer than 1,000 Jews were still living in Algeria.^[1] By 1975 the government had seized all but one of the country's synagogues and converted them to mosques or libraries.^[2]

Cameroon

In February 2019, deputy justice minister Jean de Dieu Momo advanced an

Professor Peter Schafer of the

In 1948, approximately 75,000 Jews lived in Egypt. About 100 remain today, mostly in Cairo. In 1948, Jewish neighborhoods in Cairo suffered bomb attacks that killed at least 70 Jews. Hundreds of Jews were arrested and had their property confiscated. The 1954 Lavon Affair, in which Israelis and Egyptian Jews were arrested for bombing Egyptian and American targets served as a pretext for further persecution of the remaining Jewish community in Egypt. After the 1956 Suez Crisis, Egypt expelled over 25,000 Jews, confiscated their property, and about 3,000 were imprisoned. About 1,000 more were imprisoned or detained. In 1967, Jews were detained and tortured, and Jewish homes were confiscated as emigration continued. Egypt was once home of one of the most dynamic Jewish communities in their diaspora. Caliphs in the ninth-eleventh centuries CE exercised various repressive policies, culminating in the destruction and mass murder of the Jewish quarter in Cairo in 1012. Conditions varied between then and the advent of the Ottoman Empire in 1517, when they deteriorated again. There were at least six blood libel persecutions in cities between 1870 and 1892.

In more recent times, the fraudulent Protocols of the Elders of Zion have been published and promoted as though they were authentic historical records, fueling antisemitic sentiments in Egyptian public opinion.

Henry Ford's antisemitic treatise The International Jew has recently^[when?] been published in Egypt, with distinctly antisemitic imagery on the cover.^[8]

Libya

The area now known as Libya was the home of one of the oldest Jewish communities in the world, dating back to at least 300 BCE.

In 1911 Libya became an Italian colony. In the late 1930s, the pro-Nazi Fascist Italian regime began passing antisemitic laws. As a result of these laws, Jews were fired from government jobs, some were dismissed from government schools, and their citizenship papers were stamped with the words "Jewish race." Despite this repression, 25% of the population of Tripoli was still Jewish in 1941 and 44 synagogues were maintained in the city. In 1942, German troops fighting the Allies in North Africa occupied the Jewish quarter of Benghazi, plundering shops and deporting more than 2,000 Jews across the desert. Sent to work in labor camps, more than 20% of this group of Jews perished.

In 1948, about 38,000 Jews lived in Libya.

A series of pogroms started in November 1945, when more than 140 Jews were killed in Tripoli and most synagogues in the city looted. The pogroms continued in June 1948, when 15 Jews were killed and 280 Jewish homes destroyed.^[9]

Upon Libya's independence in 1951, most of the Jewish community emigrated. After the

Although the main synagogue in Tripoli was renovated in 1999, it has not reopened for services. The last Jew in Libya, Esmeralda Meghnagi died in February 2002. Israel is home to about 40,000 Jews of Libyan descent, who maintain unique traditions.^[10][11]

Morocco

Jewish communities, in Islamic times often living in ghettos known as mellah, have existed in Morocco for at least 2,000 years. Intermittent large scale massacres (such as that of 6,000 Jews in Fez in 1033, over 100,000 Jews in Fez and Marrakesh in 1146 and again in Marrakesh in 1232)^[12][13] were accompanied by systematic discrimination through the years. During the 13th through the 15th centuries Jews were appointed to a few prominent positions within the government, typically to implement decisions. A number of Jews, fleeing the expulsion from Spain and Portugal, settled in Morocco in the 15th century and afterwards, many moving on to the Ottoman Empire.

In 1875, 20 Jews were killed by a mob in

The Shoah in French Morocco. While the pro-Nazi Vichy regime during World War II passed discriminatory laws against Jews, King Muhammad prevented deportation of Jews to death camps (although Jews with French, as opposed to Moroccan, citizenship, being directly subject to Vichy law, were still deported.)

In 1948, approximately 265,000 Jews lived in Morocco. Between 5,000 and 8,000 live there now, mostly in Casablanca, but also in Fez and other cities.

In June 1948, soon after Israel was established and in the midst of the first Arab-Israeli war, riots against Jews broke out in

...These Jews constitute the best and most suitable human element for settlement in Israel's absorption centers. There were many positive aspects which I found among them: first and foremost, they all know (their agricultural) tasks, and their transfer to agricultural work in Israel will not involve physical and mental difficulties. They are satisfied with few (material needs), which will enable them to confront their early economic problems.

— Yehuda Grinker (an organizer of Jewish emigration from the Atlas), The Emigration of Atlas Jews to Israel, Tel Aviv, The Association of Moroccan Immigrants in Israel, 1973.[15]

In 1955, Morocco attained independence. Jews occupied several political positions, including three Members of Parliament and a Minister of Posts and Telegraphs. However, emigration to Israel jumped from 8,171 in 1954 to 24,994 in 1955, increasing further in 1956. Beginning in 1956, emigration to Israel was prohibited until 1963, when it resumed.^[16] In 1961, the government informally relaxed the laws on emigration to Israel; over the three following years, more than 80,000 Moroccan Jews emigrated there. By 1967, only 60,000 Jews remained in Morocco.

The Six-Day War in 1967 led to increased Arab-Jewish tensions worldwide, including Morocco. By 1971, the Jewish population was down to 35,000; however, most of this wave of emigration went to Europe and North America rather than Israel.

Despite their current small numbers, Jews continue to play a notable role in Morocco; the king retains a Jewish senior adviser,

South Africa

While South Africa is better known for the apartheid system of racial discrimination against blacks, antisemitism has been a feature of that country's history since Europeans first set foot ashore on the Cape Peninsula. In the years 1652–1795 – a period twice as long as the 20th-century reign of the National Party – Jews were not allowed to settle at the Cape. Subsequent Cape administrations – Batavian and British – were more progressive. An 1868 Act would sanction religious discrimination.^[17]

Although antisemitism did not disappear in the 19th century, it would reach its apotheosis in the years leading up to

Jews have lived in Tunisia for at least 2300 years. In the 13th century, Jews were expelled from their homes in

During the Second World War, the Shoah reached French Tunisia. Tunisia, under direct Nazi control during World War II, was also the site of racist antisemitic measures activities such as the yellow star, prison camps, deportations, and other persecution.

In 1948, approximately 105,000 Jews lived in Tunisia. About 1,500 remain today, mostly in Djerba, Tunis, and Zarzis. Following Tunisia's independence from France in 1956, a number of anti-Jewish policies led to emigration, of which half went to Israel and the other half to France. After attacks in 1967, Jewish emigration both to Israel and France accelerated. There were also attacks in 1982, 1985, and most recently in 2002 when a bomb in Djerba took 21 lives (most of them German tourists) near the local synagogue, in a terrorist attack claimed by Al-Qaeda.

The Tunisian government makes an active effort to protect its Jewish minority now and visibly supports its institutions.

Asia

Bahrain

Today, relations between Jews and Muslims are generally considered good, with Bahrain being the only state on the Arabian Peninsula where there is a specific Jewish community and the only Gulf state with a synagogue, though it is not being used. Jews, despite their low number, play a prominent role in civil society. For example, Ebrahim Daoud Nonoo was appointed in 2002 a member of Bahrain's upper house of parliament, the Consultative Council, while Houda Nonoo has headed the human rights group, Bahrain Human Rights Watch Society since 2004, and was appointed to the Consultative Council in 2005. She was Bahrain's ambassador to the United States from 2008 to 2013.^[23]

China

According to Tuvia Gering, researcher at Tel Aviv University-affiliated Institute for National Security Studies, with the rising tide of Chinese nationalism and Beijing's geopolitical competition with the U.S., Age-old antisemitic tropes have found a new audience on the Chinese internet, which he has called "antisemitism with Chinese characteristics."^[24]

India

India is home to several communities of

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, former president of Iran, has frequently been accused of denying the Holocaust.

Ali Khamenei, the supreme leader of Iran, has repeatedly doubted the validity of the reported casualties of the Holocaust. In one meeting he claimed that the Zionists have had "close relations" with the Nazi leaders and that "providing exaggerated statistics [of the Holocaust] has been a method to justify the Zionists' cruel treatment of the Palestinians".^[27]

In July 2012, the winner of Iran's first annual International

ADL/Global 100 reported in 2014 that 56% of Iranians hold antisemitic beliefs, and 18% of them agreed that Jews probably talk too much about the Holocaust.^[31] However, the reported results (56%) were reported to be the lowest in the Middle East.^[32]

Iraq

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During the

The

Historian Martin Gilbert writes that it was in the 19th century that the position of Jews worsened in Muslim countries. In 1828, there was a massacre of Jews in Baghdad.^[12]

In 1948, there were approximately 150,000 Jews in Iraq. In 2003, there were 100 left, though there are reports that small numbers of Jews are returning in the wake of the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

In 1941, following

Like most Arab League states, Iraq forbade the emigration of its Jews for a few years after the 1948 war on the grounds that allowing them to go to Israel would strengthen that state. However, intense diplomatic pressure brought about a change of mind. At the same time, increasing government oppression of the Jews fueled by anti-Israeli sentiment, together with public expressions of antisemitism, created an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty.

In March 1950, Iraq passed a law of one-year duration allowing Jews to emigrate on condition of relinquishing their Iraqi citizenship. Iraq apparently believed it would rid itself of those Jews it regarded as the most troublesome, especially the Zionists, but retain the wealthy minority who played an important part in the Iraqi economy. Israel mounted an operation called "Ezra and Nehemiah" to bring as many of the Iraqi Jews as possible to Israel, and sent agents to Iraq to urge the Jews to register for immigration as soon as possible.

The initial rate of registration accelerated after a bomb injured three Jews at a café. Two months before the expiry of the law, by which time about 85,000 Jews had registered, a bomb at the Masuda Shemtov Synagogue killed three or five Jews and injured many. The law expired in March 1951, but was later extended after the Iraqi government froze the assets of departing Jews (including those already left). During the next few months, all but a few thousand of the remaining Jews registered for emigration, spurred on by a sequence of bombings that caused few casualties but had great psychological impact. In total, about 120,000 Jews left Iraq.

In May and June 1951, the arms caches of the Zionist underground in Iraq, which had been supplied from Palestine/Israel since the Farhud of 1942, were discovered. Many Jews were arrested and two Zionist activists, Yusuf Basri and Ibrahim Salih, were tried and hanged for three of the bombings. A secret Israeli inquiry in 1960 reported that most of the witnesses believed that Jews had been responsible for the bombings, but found no evidence that they were ordered by Israel. The issue remains unresolved: Iraqi activists in Israel still regularly charge that Israel used violence to engineer the exodus, while Israeli officials of the time vehemently deny it. According to historian Moshe Gatt, few historians believe that Israel was actually behind the bombing campaign—based on factors such as records indicating that Israel did not want such a rapid registration rate and that bomb throwing at Jewish targets was common before 1950, making the Istiqlal Party a more likely culprit than the Zionist underground. In any case, the remainder of Iraq's Jews left over the next few decades, and had mostly gone by 1970.

Japan

Japan does not have a native Jewish population; therefore, the history of antisemitism in Japan would seem to date back to a time when it was introduced into Japan as a result of contact between Japan and the Western world. Nazi ideology and propaganda left its influence on Japan during World War II, and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion were subsequently translated into Japanese. Today, antisemitism and the belief in Jewish manipulation of Japan and the world remain widespread despite the small size of the Jewish community in Japan. Books about Jewish conspiracies are best sellers. According to a 1988 survey, 8% of Japanese have read one of these books.^[38]

Malaysia

Although Malaysia presently has no substantial Jewish population, the country has reportedly become an example of a phenomenon called "antisemitism without Jews."^[39][40]

In his treatise on Malay identity, "The Malay Dilemma", published in 1970, Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad wrote: "The Jews are not only hooked-nosed... but understand money instinctively.... Jewish stinginess and financial wizardry gained them the economic control of Europe and provoked antisemitism which waxed and waned throughout Europe through the ages."^[41]

The Malay-language Utusan Malaysia daily stated in an editorial that Malaysians "cannot allow anyone, especially the Jews, to interfere secretly in this country's business... When the drums are pounded hard in the name of human rights, the pro-Jewish people will have their best opportunity to interfere in any Islamic country," the newspaper said. "We might not realize that the enthusiasm to support actions such as demonstrations will cause us to help foreign groups succeed in their mission of controlling this country." Prime Minister Najib Razak's office subsequently issued a statement late Monday saying Utusan's claim did "not reflect the views of the government."^[42][43][44]

Lebanon

In 2004, Al-Manar, a media network affiliated with Hezbollah, aired a drama series, The Diaspora, which observers allege is based on historical antisemitic allegations. BBC correspondents who have watched the program says it quotes extensively from the Protocols of the Elders of Zion.^[45]

Pakistan

There is a general stereotype against Jews in Pakistan. Jews are falsely regarded as "miserly"^[46] when in fact the Bene Israel in Pakistan had numerous sororal and fraternal organizations prior to Partition to assist Jews their denominations and other faiths.

The founding of the Islamic state of Pakistan immediately prior to the creation of Israel in the Levant created insecurity among Pakistan's Jews. After Israel's independence in 1948, violent acts were committed against Pakistan's small Jewish community of about 2,000 Bene Israel Jews. The synagogue in Karachi was attacked, as were individual Jews. The persecution of Jews resulted in their exodus as refugees to India whence many migrated to Israel, Canada, the United States, the UK and many Commonwealth countries. The Peshawar Jewish community ceased to exist.^[47]

Pakistani cricket icon Imran Khan's marriage to Jemima Goldsmith in 1996 caused furor in Pakistan and Khan was accused of acting as an agent of the "Jewish Lobby". Egyptian newspapers in Pakistan made other antisemitic accusations against Khan. After Khan complained, the stories were retracted.^[47]

Saudi Arabia

Saudi textbooks vilify Jews, call Jews apes; demand that students avoid and not befriend Jews; claim that Jews worship the devil; and encourage Muslims to engage in Jihad to vanquish Jews.^[48] Saudi Arabian government officials and state religious leaders often promote the idea that Jews are conspiring to take over the entire world; as proof of their claims they publish and frequently cite The Protocols of the Elders of Zion as factual.^[49][50]

In 2004, the official Saudi Arabia tourism website said that Jews and holders of Israeli passports would not be issued visas to enter the country. After an uproar, the restriction against Jews was removed from the website although the ban against Israeli passport-holders remained.^[51] In late 2014, a Saudi newspaper reported that foreign workers of most religions, including Judaism, were welcome in the kingdom, but Israeli citizens were not.^[52]

Palestine

During the 19th century the Jews of Damascus were several times victims of calumnies, the gravest being those of 1840 and 1860, in the reign of the sultan

Rioters in Aleppo in 1947 burned the city's Jewish quarter and killed 75 people.[64] In 1948, there were approximately 30,000 Jews in Syria. The Syrian government placed severe restrictions on the Jewish community, including on emigration. Over the next decades, many Jews managed to escape, and the work of supporters, particularly Judy Feld Carr,^[65] in smuggling Jews out of Syria, and bringing their plight to the attention of the world, raised awareness of their situation. Following the Madrid Conference of 1991 the United States put pressure on the Syrian government to ease its restrictions on Jews, and, in 1992, the government of Syria began granting exit visas to Jews on condition that they not emigrate to Israel. At that time, the country had several thousand Jews; today, under a hundred remain. The rest of the Jewish community have emigrated, mostly to the United States and Israel. There is a large and vibrant Syrian Jewish community in South Brooklyn, New York. In 2004, the Syrian government attempted to establish better relations with the emigrants, and 12 Syrian-Jews visited Syria.^[66]

Turkey

Despite close economic and military ties to Israel, Turkey has experienced a recent surge in antisemitic literature, most notably the sale of

The well-known Turkish novelist Orhan Pamuk, often criticized and accused of being a traitor due to his interpretation of certain events in Turkish history, has been criticized as being "the servant of Jews," and "a Jew-lover" by the ultra-nationalist newspaper Yeniçağ.^[67]

Yemen

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Jews in Yemen were long subject to a number of restrictions, ranging from attire, hairstyle, home ownership, marriage, etc. Under the "Orphan's Decree", many Jewish orphans below puberty were raised as Muslims. This practice began in the late 18th century, was suspended under Ottoman rule, then was revived in 1918. Most cases occurred in the 1920s, but sporadic cases occurred until the 1940s. In later years, the Yemenite government has taken some steps to protect the Jewish community in their country.

In 1947, riots killed at least 80 Jews in Aden. In 1948, there were about 63,000 Jews in

By the late 1990s, only several hundred remained, mainly in a northwestern mountainous region named

On March 28, 2021, 13 Jews were forced by the Houthis to leave Yemen, leaving the last four elderly Jews in Yemen.[69]

Europe

The summary of a 2004 poll by the "

However, according to 2005 survey results by the ADL,^[71] antisemitic attitudes remain common in Europe. Over 30% of those surveyed indicated that Jews have too much power in business, with responses ranging from lows of 11% in Denmark and 14% in England to highs of 66% in Hungary, and over 40% in Poland and Spain. The results of religious antisemitism also linger and over 20% of European respondents agreed that Jews were responsible for the death of Jesus, with France having the lowest percentage at 13% and Poland having the highest number of those agreeing, at 39%.^[72]

The Vienna-based European Union Monitoring Centre (EUMC), for 2002 and 2003, identified France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands as EU member countries with notable increases in incidents. Many of these incidents can be linked to immigrant communities in these countries and result from heightened tensions in the Middle East. As these nations keep reliable and comprehensive statistics on antisemitic acts, and are engaged in combating antisemitism, their data was readily available to the EUMC.^{[citation needed]}

In Eastern Europe, antisemitism remained a serious concern in Russia and Belarus, and elsewhere in the former Soviet Union, with most incidents carried out by ultra-nationalist and other far-right elements.^{[citation needed]}

Denmark

Anti-semitism in Denmark has not been as widespread as in other countries. Initially Jews were banned as in other countries in Europe, but beginning in the 17th century, Jews were allowed to live in Denmark freely, unlike in other European countries where they were forced to live in ghettos.^[73]

In 1813, Denmark had gone bankrupt and people were looking for a scapegoat. A German anti-Semitic book, translated into Danish, provoked a flood of polemical articles both for and against the Jews.^{[citation needed]}

In 1819 a series of anti-Jewish riots in Germany spread to several neighboring countries including Denmark, resulting in mob attacks on Jews in Copenhagen and many provincial towns. These riots were known as Hep! Hep! Riots, from the derogatory rallying cry against the Jews in Germany. Riots lasted for five months during which time shop windows were smashed, stores looted, homes attacked, and Jews physically abused.^{[citation needed]}

However, during World War II, Denmark was very uncooperative with the Nazi occupation on Jewish matters. Danish officials repeatedly insisted to the German occupation authorities that there was no "Jewish problem" in Denmark. As a result, even ideologically committed Nazis such as Reich Commissioner Werner Best followed a strategy of avoiding and deferring discussion of Denmark's Jews. When Denmark's German occupiers began planning the deportation of the 8,000 or so Jews in Denmark to Nazi concentration camps, many Danes and Swedes took part in a collective effort to evacuate the roughly 8,000 Jews of Denmark by sea to nearby Sweden (see also Rescue of the Danish Jews).^{[citation needed]}

Estonia

In March 1996 the Russian-language newspaper

In April 1996 Estonian-language leaflets were found in Tallinn. The leaflets contained an illustration of a monster from a children's book to which the authors of the leaflets had added anti-Jewish slogans. The leaflets were signed by the Estonian National Working Party-New Estonian Legion. Also in April, German-language leaflets with anti-Jewish overtones calling for the deaths of top officials of Tartu University were found on the walls of student dormitories at the university.^{[citation needed]}

In September the Jewish cemetery in Tallinn was vandalized; fourteen gravestones were damaged.^[74]

France

Further information:

WWII

. The Vichy government openly collaborated with the Nazi occupiers to identify Jews for deportation and transportation to the death camps.

Today, despite a steady trend of decreasing antisemitism among the indigenous population,^[75] acts of antisemitism are a serious cause for concern,^[76] as is tension between the Jewish and Muslim populations of France, both the largest in Europe. However, according to a poll by the Pew Global Attitudes Project, 71% of French Muslims had positive views of Jews, the highest percentage in the world.^[77] According to the National Advisory Committee on Human Rights, antisemitic acts account for a majority— 72% in all in 2003— of racist acts in France.^[78]

In July 2005 the Pew Global Attitudes Project found that 82% of French people questioned had favorable attitudes towards Jews, the second highest percentage of the countries questioned. The Netherlands was highest at 85%.^[79]

Holocaust denial and anti-Semitic speech are prohibited under the 1990 Gayssot Act.

Over the last several years,

Arab or African heritage, but also growing among Caribbean islanders from former colonies.^{[citation needed}

]

anti-Semitism

, incited a public outcry in a France already marked by intense public controversy about the role of children of immigrants in its society.

With the start of the Second Intifada in Israel, anti-semitic incidents increased in France. In 2002, the Commission nationale consultative des droits de l'homme (Human Rights Commission) reported six times more anti-semitic incidents than in 2001 (193 incidents in 2002). The commission's statistics showed that anti-semitic acts constituted 62% of all racist acts in the country (compared to 45% in 2001 and 80% in 2000). The report documented 313 violent acts against people or property, including 38 injuries and the murder of someone with Maghrebin origins by far right skinheads.^[82]

Germany

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Further information: History of the Jews in Germany

See also:

Antisemitism in 21st century Germany

From the early Middle Ages to the 18th century, the Jews in Germany were subject to many persecutions as well as brief times of tolerance. Though the 19th century began with a series of riots and pogroms against the Jews,

Dolchstosslegende

).

Anti-Jewish propaganda expanded rapidly. Nazi cartoons depicting "dirty Jews" frequently portrayed a dirty, physically unattractive and badly dressed "talmudic" Jew in traditional religious garments similar to those worn by Hasidic Jews. Articles attacking Jewish Germans, while concentrating on commercial and political activities of prominent Jewish individuals, also frequently attacked them based on religious dogmas, such as blood libel.

The Nazi antisemitic program quickly expanded beyond mere speech. Starting in 1933, repressive laws were passed against Jews, culminating in the Nuremberg Laws which removed most of the rights of citizenship from Jews, using a racial definition based on descent, rather than any religious definition of who was a Jew. Sporadic violence against the Jews became widespread with the Kristallnacht riots, which targeted Jewish homes, businesses and places of worship, killing hundreds across Germany and Austria.

The antisemitic agenda culminated in the

Holocaust

.

Hungary

Further information: History of the Jews in Hungary

In June 1944, Hungarian police deported nearly 440,000 Jews in more than 145 trains, mostly to Auschwitz.

Hungarian Revolution of 1956^{[citation needed]}, there was a perceptible antisemitic backlash against Jewish members of the former government led by Mátyás Rákosi

.

Norway

Further information: History of the Jews in Norway

Jews were prohibited from living or entering Norway by paragraph 2 (known as the Jewish Paragraph in Norway) of the 1814

Jesuits and monkish orders are not permitted. Jews are still prohibited from entry to the Realm." In 1851 the last sentence was struck out. Monks were permitted in 1897; Jesuits not before 1956.^[73]

The "Jewish Paragraph" was reinstated March 13, 1942, by Vidkun Quisling during Germany's occupation of Norway. The change was reversed when Norway was liberated in May 1945. Quisling was after the following legal purge deemed guilty of unlawful change of the Constitution.^{[citation needed]}

Poland

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Further information: History of the Jews in Poland

This section may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. Consider condensing it or adding subheadings. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (October 2023)

In 1264, Duke

Boleslaus the Pious from Greater Poland legislated a Statute of Kalisz, a charter for Jewish residence and protection, which encouraged money-lending, hoping that Jewish settlement would contribute to the development of the Polish economy. By the sixteenth century, Poland had become the center of European Jewry and the most tolerant of all European countries regarding the matters of faith, although occasionally also Poland witnessed violent antisemitic incidents^{[citation needed}

].

At the onset of the seventeenth century, tolerance began to give way to increased anti-Semitism. Elected to the Polish throne King

magnum opus

, detailed:

At the end of the 16th century and thereafter, not one year passed without a blood libel trial against Jews in Poland, trials which always ended with the execution of Jewish victims in a heinous manner...

— Simon Dubnow, History of the Jews in Poland and Russia, volume 6, chapter 4

In the 1650s the Swedish invasion of the Commonwealth (

Cossacks resulted in vast depopulation of the Commonwealth, as over 30% of the ~10 million population has perished or emigrated. In the related 1648–55 pogroms led by the Ukrainian uprising against Polish nobility (szlachta), during which approximately 100,000 Jews were slaughtered, Polish and Ruthenian

peasants often participated in killing Jews (The Jews in Poland, Ken Spiro, 2001)(I just wonder from what sources Mr. Spiro get his knowledge of this "killing"; anyone who knows history of eastern Poland at the time of Ukrainian uprisings knows that Polish peasants were slather the same way Jews were, however maybe University of Vermont has a fresh resources only Mr. Spiro knows about it). The besieged szlachta, who were also decimated in the territories where the uprising happened, typically abandoned the loyal peasantry, townsfolk, and the Jews renting their land, in violation of "rental" contracts.

In the aftermath of the Deluge and Chmielnicki Uprising, many Jews fled to the less turbulent Netherlands, which had granted the Jews a protective charter in 1619. From then until the Nazi deportations in 1942, the Netherlands remained a remarkably tolerant haven for Jews in Europe, exceeding the tolerance extant in all other European countries at the time, and becoming one of the few Jewish havens until nineteenth century social and political reforms throughout much of Europe. Many Jews also fled to England, open to Jews since the mid-seventeenth century, in which Jews were fundamentally ignored and not typically persecuted.

In a reversal of roles that is common in Jewish history, the victorious Poles now vented their wrath upon the hapless Jews of the area, accusing them of collaborating with the

Cossack invader!... The Jews, reeling from almost five years of constant hell, abandoned their Polish communities and institutions...

— Berel Wein

, Triumph of Survival, 1990

Throughout the sixteenth to eighteenth century, many of the szlachta mistreated peasantry, townsfolk and Jews. Threat of mob violence was a specter over the Jewish communities in

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the time. On one occasion in 1696, a mob threatened to massacre the Jewish community of Posin, Vitebsk

. The mob accused the Jews of murdering a Pole. At the last moment, a peasant woman emerged with the victim's clothes and confessed to the murder. One notable example of actualized riots against Polish Jews is the rioting of 1716, during which many Jews lost their lives.

On the other hand, despite the mentioned incidents, the

Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union

, below).

Anti-Jewish sentiments continued to be present in Poland, even after the country regained its independence. One notable manifestation of these attitudes includes numerus clausus rules imposed, by almost all Polish universities in the 1937.

In Poland, the semidictatorial government of Piłsudski and his successors, pressured by an increasingly vocal opposition on the radical and fascist right, implemented many anti-Semitic policies tending in a similar direction, while still others were on the official and semiofficial agenda when war descended in 1939.... In the 1930s the realm of official and semiofficial discrimination expanded to encompass limits on Jewish export firms... and, increasingly, on university admission itself. In 1921–22 some 25 percent of Polish university students were Jewish, but in 1938–39 their proportion had fallen to 8 percent.

— William W. Hagen, Before the "Final Solution": Toward a Comparative Analysis of Political Anti-Semitism in Interwar Germany and Poland article in Journal of Modern History (July 1996): 1–31

While there are many examples of Polish support and help for the Jews during World War II and the Holocaust, there are also numerous examples of anti-Semitic incidents, and the Jewish population was certain of the indifference towards their fate from the Christian Poles. The Polish Institute for National Memory identified twenty-four

massacre in Jedwabne

).

After the end of World War II the remaining anti-Jewish sentiments were skillfully used at certain moments by Communist party or individual politicians to achieve their assumed political goals, which pinnacled in the

B'nai Briths Anti-Defamation League

, Poland remains among the European countries (with others being Italy, Spain and Germany) with the largest percentages of people holding anti-Semitic views.

Russia and the Soviet Union

This subsection needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this subsection. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Geography of antisemitism" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Further information:

History of the Jews in Russia and Soviet Union

See also: Pogrom

The

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, annexed with the existing numerous Jewish population, and the Crimea

(which was later cut out from the Pale).

During 1881–1884, 1903–1906 and 1914–1921, waves of antisemitic pogroms swept Russian Jewish communities. At least some pogroms are believed to have been organized or supported by the Russian Okhrana. Although there is no hard evidence for this, the Russian police and army generally displayed indifference to the pogroms, for instance during the three-day First Kishinev pogrom of 1903.

During this period the May Laws policy was also put into effect, banning Jews from rural areas and towns, and placing strict quotas on the number of Jews allowed into higher education and many professions. The combination of the repressive legislation and pogroms propelled mass Jewish emigration, and by 1920 more than two million Russian Jews had emigrated, most to the United States while some made aliya to the Land of Israel.

One of the most infamous antisemitic tractates was the Russian Okhrana literary hoax, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, created to blame the Jews for Russia's problems during the period of revolutionary activity.

Even though many Old Bolsheviks were ethnically Jewish, they sought to uproot Judaism and Zionism and established the Yevsektsiya to achieve this goal. By the end of the 1940s the Communist leadership of the former USSR had liquidated almost all Jewish organizations, including Yevsektsiya.

Refusenik, Pamyat

.

Stalin sought to segregate Russian Jews into "Soviet Zion", with the help of Komzet and OZET in 1928^{[citation needed]}. The Jewish Autonomous Oblast with the center in Birobidzhan in the Russian Far East attracted only limited settlement, and never achieved Stalin's goal^{[citation needed]} of an internal exile for the Jewish people.

Refusenik, Pamyat

.

In the early 21st century, anti-Semitic pronouncements, speeches and articles were common in Russia, and there were a large number of anti-Semitic neo-Nazi groups in the republics of the former Soviet Union, leading Pravda to declare in 2002 that "Anti-semitism is booming in Russia."^[87] There also were bombs found attached to anti-Semitic signs, apparently aimed at Jews, and other violent incidents, including stabbings, have been recorded.^{[citation needed]}

Though the government of Vladimir Putin takes an official stand against anti-semitism, some political parties and groups are explicitly anti-Semitic, in spite of a Russian law (Art. 282) against fomenting racial, ethnic or religious hatred. In 2005, a group of 15 Duma members demanded that Judaism and Jewish organizations be banned from Russia. In June, 500 prominent Russians, including some 20 members of the nationalist Rodina party, demanded that the state prosecutor investigate ancient Jewish texts as "anti-Russian" and ban Judaism — the investigation was actually launched, but halted amid international outcry.^{[citation needed]}

Ukraine

Ukraine experienced brutal antisemitism during the WW2. Ukrainian

Ukrainian state proclaimed: "Moscow and the kikes are the most dangerous enemies of Ukraine. I think that the key enemy is Moscow that took Ukraine into slavery. Nevertheless I estimate the hostile and pest will of the kikes who assisted Moscow to enslave Ukraine. Therefore I hold my position to exterminate the kikes and consider the German methods of extermination of the kikes be advisable excluding the any possibility of assimilation".^[89]

Spain

Further information: History of the Jews in Spain

The first major persecution of Jews in Spain occurred on December 30, 1066, when the Jews were expelled from Granada and nearly 3,000 Jews were killed during the Granada massacre when they did not leave. This was the first persecution of Jews by the Muslims on the Peninsula under Islamic rule.^[12]

Córdoba. Arabic language in Hebrew

letters

A possible date of the end of the Golden Age might be in 1090 with the invasion of the

Almohades. Under the reign of the Almohades, the Jews were forced to accept the Islamic faith; the conquerors confiscated their property and took their wives and children, many of whom were sold as slaves. The most famous Jewish educational institutions were closed, and synagogues everywhere destroyed.^{[citation needed}

]

Most Muslims and Jews were forced to either convert to Christianity or leave Spain and Portugal and have their assets seized during the

Almohads they were also treated badly, in contrast to the policies of the earlier Umayyad rulers.^{[citation needed}

]

Sweden

Further information: History of the Jews in Sweden

Sweden has a relatively small Jewish community of around 20,000.

official minority languages.^[93]

There have, however, been a number of antisemitic incidents in recent years, and after Germany and Austria, Sweden has the highest rate of antisemitic incidents in Europe. Though the Netherlands reports a higher rate of antisemitism in some years.^[94] A government study in 2006 estimated that 15% of Swedes agree with the statement: "The Jews have too much influence in the world today".^[95] Five percent of the entire adult population, and 39% of the Muslim population, harbor strong and consistent antisemitic views. Former Prime Minister Göran Persson described these results as "surprising and terrifying". However, the Rabbi of Stockholm's Orthodox Jewish community, Meir Horden claimed that "It's not true to say that the Swedes are anti-Semitic. Some of them are hostile to Israel because they support the weak side, which they perceive the Palestinians to be."^[96]

Hungary

Further information: History of the Jews in Hungary

Today, hatred towards Judaism and Israel can be observed from many prominent Hungarian politicians. The most famous example is the MIÉP party and its chairman, István Csurka.^{[citation needed]}

Antisemitism in Hungary was manifested mainly in far right publications and demonstrations. MIÉP supporters continued their tradition of shouting antisemitic slogans and tearing the US flag to shreds at their annual rallies in Budapest in March 2003 and 2004, commemorating the 1848–49 revolution. Further, during the anniversary demonstrations of both right and left marking the 1956 uprising, antisemitic and anti-Israel slogans were heard from the right, such as accusing Israel of war crimes. The center-right traditionally keeps its distance from the right-wing demonstration, which was led by Csurka.^[97]

North America

Main article: Racism in North America

United States

Main articles: Antisemitism in the United States, Antisemitism in the United States in the 21st century, and History of antisemitism in the United States

Further information: History of the Jews in the United States

In the mid-1600s,

Lutherans, Catholics and Quakers. He stated that the Jews were "deceitful", "very repugnant", and "hateful enemies and blasphemers of the name of Christ". He warned in a subsequent letter that in "giving them liberty we cannot (then) refuse the Lutherans and Papists". However, religious plurality was already a legal-cultural tradition in New Amsterdam and in the Netherlands. His superiors at the Dutch West India Company

in Amsterdam overruled him in all matters of intolerance.

In 1939 a Roper poll found that only thirty-nine percent of Americans felt that Jews should be treated like other people. Fifty-three percent believed that "Jews are different and should be restricted" and ten percent believed that Jews should be deported.^[98] Several surveys taken from 1940 to 1946 found that Jews were seen as a greater threat to the welfare of the United States than any other national, religious, or racial group. [2] It has been estimated that 190,000 – 200,000 Jews could have been saved during the

Second World War

had it not been for bureaucratic obstacles to immigration deliberately created by Breckinridge Long and others.^[99]

In a speech at an America First rally on September 11, 1941, in Des Moines, Iowa, entitled "Who Are the War Agitators?", Charles Lindbergh claimed that three groups had been "pressing this country toward war": the Roosevelt Administration, the British, and the Jews – and complained about what he insisted was the Jews' "large ownership and influence in our motion pictures, our press, our radio and our government."^[100] The antisemitism of Lindbergh is one of the subjects of the novel The Plot Against America (2004) by Philip Roth.

Unofficial antisemitism was also widespread in the first half of the century. For example, to limit the growing number of Jewish students between 1919 and 1950s a number of private liberal arts universities and medical and dental schools employed

legacy preference admission spots for children of Yale alumni, in an explicit attempt to put the brakes on the rising percentage of Jews in the student body. This was soon copied by other Ivy League and other schools^{[citation needed}

], and admissions of Jews were kept down to 10% through the 1950s. Such policies were for the most part discarded during the early 1960s.

Some

Virgin Mary telling her that the Rothschilds, a prominent Jewish banking family, are "mongrel yids(Jews)" bent on dominating the entire world economy through international banking. Most of the worlds problems, from poverty to world wars, are the cause of International Banking Jews and their "satanic secret society," according to Van Hoof.[3]

American antisemitism underwent a modest revival in the late twentieth century. The Nation of Islam under Louis Farrakhan claimed that Jews were responsible for slavery, economic exploitation of black labor, selling alcohol and drugs in their communities, and unfair domination of the economy. Jesse Jackson issued his infamous "Hymietown" remarks during the 1984 Presidential primary campaign.

According to ADL surveys begun in 1964, African-Americans are "significantly more likely" than white Americans to hold antisemitic beliefs, although there is a strong correlation between education level and the rejection of antisemitic stereotypes.^[101]

Strommen et al.'s 1970 survey of 4,745 North American Lutherans aged 15–65 found that, compared to the other minority groups under consideration, Lutherans were the least prejudiced toward Jews.^[102]

Canada

Further information: Antisemitism in Canada

Canada's Jewish community dates back to the 18th century, and antisemitism has confronted Canadian Jews since this time.^[103][104]

South America

Argentina

Main article: Antisemitism in Argentina

A growing hate campaign was reported on January 21, 2015, against Israeli tourists in Patagonia,^[105] with a notable incident in Lago Puelo where 4 men shouted anti-Jewish slurs and violently attacked 10 Israelis staying at a hostel. The attackers were later charged under Argentina's anti-discrimination law and fined approximately $5,700.^[106] In December 2014, posters saying "Boycott Against Israeli Military Tourism" were put up in Bariloche, a city popular with Israeli tourists.^[107]

Chile

Main article: Antisemitism in Chile

After a 23-year-old Israeli backpacker was arrested in January 2012 on suspicion of having accidentally ignited a fire in Torres del Paine National Park, he reportedly received taunts calling him a "filthy Jew" while being escorted to court.^[108] In February 2017, National Forest Corporation director Elizabeth Munoz criticized Israeli visitors for "cultural bad behavior" and said they would be removed from hostels if they presented "an aggressive attitude", her comments were denounced by Chile's umbrella Jewish organization.^[109]

Chilean politician and former presidential candidate Daniel Jadue has faced accusations of antisemitism.^[110][111]

Uruguay

A 2014 poll from the

B'nai B'rith International.^[113]

Venezuela

Further information: Antisemitism in Venezuela and History of the Jews in Venezuela

Following the onset of the

2009 Israel-Gaza conflict, the Venezuelan government expressed disagreement with Israel's actions. On January 5, President Chávez accused the United States of poisoning Palestinian president Yasser Arafat to destabilize the Middle East.^[114] He also described the offensive by Israel as a Palestinian "holocaust".^[114] Days later, the Venezuelan foreign ministry called Israel's actions "state terrorism" and announced the expulsion of the Israeli ambassador and some of the embassy staff.^[114] Following the order of expulsion of the Israeli ambassador, incidents targeting various Jewish institutions occurred in Venezuela.^[115] Protests occurred in Caracas with demonstrators throwing shoes at the Israeli Embassy while some sprayed graffiti on the facility.^[116] At the Tiféret Israel Synagogue, individuals spray painted "Property of Islam" on its walls.^[115] Later that month, the synagogue was targeted again.^[115] During the night of January 31, 2009, an armed gang consisting of 15 unidentified men broke into Tiféret Israel Synagogue, the synagogue of the Israelite Association of Venezuela, the oldest synagogue in the Venezuelan capital Caracas and occupied the building for several hours.^[117] The gang tied and gagged security guards before destroying offices and the place where holy books were kept; this happened during the Jewish shabbat. They daubed the walls with anti-Semitic and anti-Israeli graffiti that called for Jews to be expelled from the country.^[118] They had also stolen a database that listed Jews who lived in Venezuela.^[119]

In a 2009 news story, Michael Rowan and Douglas E. Schoen wrote, "In an infamous Christmas Eve speech several years ago, Chávez said the Jews killed Christ and have been gobbling up wealth and causing poverty and injustice worldwide ever since."^[120] Hugo Chávez stated that "[t]he world is for all of us, then, but it so happens that a minority, the descendants of the same ones that crucified Christ, the descendants of the same ones that kicked Bolívar out of here and also crucified him in their own way over there in Santa Marta, in Colombia. A minority has taken possession of all of the wealth of the world."^[121]

In February 2012, opposition candidate for the 2012 Venezuelan presidential election Henrique Capriles was subject to what foreign journalists characterized as vicious^[122] attacks by state-run media sources.^[123][124] The Wall Street Journal said that Capriles "was vilified in a campaign in Venezuela's state-run media, which insinuated he was, among other things, a homosexual and a Zionist agent".^[122] A February 13, 2012, opinion article in the state-owned Radio Nacional de Venezuela, titled "The Enemy is Zionism"^[125] attacked Capriles' Jewish ancestry and linked him with Jewish national groups because of a meeting he had held with local Jewish leaders,^{[122][123][126]} saying, "This is our enemy, the Zionism that Capriles today represents... Zionism, along with capitalism, are responsible for 90% of world poverty and imperialist wars."^[122]

Antisemitism rates by nation

Antisemitism Rates by Nation as a Percent
Source for these figures: Anti-Defamation League:http://global100.adl.org/
Figures given are for the most recent survey year in each country

Country	Percentage of adults who are antisemitic	Number of antisemitic adults	Total adult population	Continent	Year of survey
Algeria	87	22,000,000	24,802,335	Africa	2014
Argentina	24	6,800,000	28,280,537	South America	2015
Armenia	58	1,300,000	2,202,661	Eurasia	2014
Australia	14	2,400,000	17,255,779	Australia	2014
Austria	28	1,900,000	6,860,274	Eurasia	2014
Azerbaijan	37	2,400,000	6,483,487	Eurasia	2014
Bahrain	81	780,000	962,145	Eurasia (vicinity of, not on mainland)	2014
Bangladesh	32	30,000,000	93,754,821	Eurasia	2014
Belarus	38	2,900,000	7,717,617	Eurasia	2014
Belgium	21	1,800,000	8,708,075	Eurasia	2015
Bolivia	30	1,800,000	5,834,545	South America	2014
Bosnia and Herzegovina	32	960,000	3,010,088	Eurasia	2014
Botswana	33	380,000	1,161,619	Africa	2014
Brazil	16	22,000,000	135,545,027	South America	2014
Bulgaria	44	2,700,000	6,173,529	Eurasia	2014
Cameroon	35	3,600,000	10,305,553	Africa	2014
Canada	14	3,800,000	27,168,616	North America	2014
Chile	37	4,600,000	12,458,198	South America	2014
China	20	210,000,000	1,048,092,045	Eurasia	2014
Colombia	41	12,000,000	30,461,308	South America	2014
Costa Rica	32	1,000,000	3,248,119	North America	2014
Croatia	33	1,400,000	3,527,032	Eurasia	2014
Czech Republic	13	1,100,000	8,688,800	Eurasia	2014
Denmark	8	350,000	4,342,010	Eurasia	2015
Dominican Republic	41	2,600,000	6,302,522	N/A	2014
Egypt	75	37,000,000	48,960,869	Africa	2014
Estonia	22	230,000	1,054,121	Eurasia	2014
Finland	15	640,000	4,279,855	Eurasia	2014
France	17	8,400,000	49,322,734	Eurasia	2015
Georgia	32	1,100,000	3,428,029	Eurasia	2014
Germany	16	11,000,000	69,288,263	Eurasia	2015
Ghana	15	2,000,000	13,244,761	Africa	2014
Greece	67	6,100,000	9,168,164	Eurasia	2015
Guatemala	36	2,700,000	7,434,655	North America	2014
Haiti	26	1,500,000	5,674,190	N/A	2014
Hungary	40	3,300,000	8,187,453	Eurasia	2015
Iceland	16	38,000	237,396	N/A	2014
India	20	150,000,000	771,768,316	Eurasia	2014
Indonesia	48	75,000,000	156,416,683	Eurasia (vicinity of, not on mainland)	2014
Iran	60	32,000,000	52,547,264	Eurasia	2015
Iraq	92	15,000,000	16,227,313	Eurasia	2014
Ireland	20	670,000	3,349,125	Eurasia (vicinity of, not on mainland)	2014
Italy	29	15,000,000	50,242,926	Eurasia	2015
Ivory Coast	22	2,200,000	9,830,567	Africa	2014
Jamaica	18	320,000	1,785,483	N/A	2014
Japan	23	25,000,000	106,798,796	Eurasia (vicinity of, not on mainland)	2014
Jordan	81	3,100,000	3,794,764	Eurasia	2014
Kazakhstan	32	3,600,000	11,133,181	Eurasia	2014
Kenya	35	7,300,000	20,912,916	Africa	2014
Kuwait	82	1,700,000	2,109,866	Eurasia	2014
Laos	0.2	7,100	3,564,261	Eurasia	2014
Latvia	28	480,000	1,717,757	Eurasia	2015
Lebanon	78	2,400,000	3,045,647	Eurasia	2014
Libya	87	3,400,000	3,919,392	Africa	2014
Lithuania	36	890,000	2,473,854	Eurasia	2014
Malaysia	61	11,000,000	18,747,000	Eurasia	2014
Mauritius	44	400,000	909,584	N/A	2014
Mexico	24	18,000,000	75,657,466	North America	2014
Moldova	30	840,000	2,802,915	Eurasia	2014
Mongolia	26	470,000	1,816,471	Eurasia	2014
Montenegro	29	140,000	472,423	Eurasia	2014
Morocco	80	17,000,000	20,816,002	Africa	2014
Netherlands	11	1,400,000	13,095,463	Eurasia	2015
New Zealand	14	460,000	3,280,386	N/A	2014
Nicaragua	34	1,200,000	3,414,253	North America	2014
Nigeria	16	13,000,000	79,579,521	Africa	2014
Norway	15	570,000	3,777,845	Eurasia	2014
Oman	76	1,400,000	1,868,176	Eurasia	2014
Panama	52	1,300,000	2,404,635	North America	2014
Paraguay	35	1,400,000	3,888,153	South America	2014
Peru	38	7,100,000	18,756,280	South America	2014
Philippines	3	1,600,000	54,653,047	Eurasia (vicinity of, not on mainland)	2014
Poland	37	11,000,000	30,973,440	Eurasia	2015
Portugal	21	1,800,000	8,652,842	Eurasia	2014
Qatar	80	1,200,000	1,473,249	Eurasia	2014
Romania	47	8,400,000	17,829,139	Eurasia	2015
Russia	23	27,000,000	116,902,363	Eurasia	2015
Saudi Arabia	74	13,000,000	17,534,930	Eurasia	2014
Senegal	53	3,400,000	6,447,783	Africa	2014
Serbia	42	3,200,000	7,623,800	Eurasia	2014
Singapore	16	640,000	3,985,154	Eurasia (vicinity of, not on mainland)	2014
Slovenia	27	460,000	1,704,052	Eurasia	2014
South Africa	38	13,000,000	33,171,036	Africa	2014
South Korea	53	20,000,000	38,527,331	Eurasia	2014
Spain	29	11,000,000	37,966,037	Eurasia	2015
Sweden	4	300,000	7,446,803	Eurasia	2014
Switzerland	26	1,700,000	6,377,286	Eurasia	2014
Tanzania	12	2,600,000	21,963,320	Africa	2014
Thailand	13	6,600,000	50,708,781	Eurasia	2014
Trinidad and Tobago	24	240,000	992,911	South America (vicinity of, not on mainland)	2014
Tunisia	86	6,500,000	7,553,755	Africa	2014
Turkey	71	35,000,000	49,101,089	Eurasia	2015
Uganda	16	2,400,000	15,120,061	Africa	2014
Ukraine	32	12,000,000	37,969,656	Eurasia	2015
United Arab Emirates	80	5,500,000	6,906,926	Eurasia	2014
United Kingdom	12	5,900,000	48,853,576	Eurasia (vicinity of, not on mainland)	2015
United States	10	24,000,000	237,042,682	North America	2015
Uruguay	33	810,000	2,453,317	South America	2014
Venezuela	30	5,700,000	18,846,712	South America	2014
Vietnam	6	3,800,000	62,722,262	Eurasia	2014
West Bank & Gaza Strip	93	1,900,000	2,030,259	Eurasia	2014
Yemen	88	10,000,000	11,493,390	Eurasia	2014

Antisemitism Rates by Continent (based on above figures from ADL)

Continent	Percentage of adults who are antisemitic	Number of antisemitic adults in the surveyed countries	Total adult population in the surveyed countries	Year(s) of Survey(s)
Africa	43	135,780,000	317,789,490	2014
Australia	14	2,400,000	17,255,779	2014
Eurasia	25	691,887,100	2,805,002,405	2014–2015
North America	15	52,000,000	356,370,426	2014–2015
South America	24	62,210,000	256,524,077	2014–2015
World	26	1,068,975,100	4,161,578,905	2014–2015
World totals are for all countries. Continent totals are for the mainland countries only.

See also

• Expulsions and exoduses of Jews
• History of antisemitism
• History of the Jews under Muslim rule
• Jewish diaspora
• Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
• Jewish history
• Jewish population by country
• Jewish refugees
• Jewish views on religious pluralism
• Martyrdom in Judaism
• Persecution of Jews
• Racism by country

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Sources

• ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0
  .
• Sachar, Howard Morley (1961). Aliyah: The People of Israel. World Publishing Company.

External links

• Antisemitism index