George Carlin

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with George Catlin.

George Carlin
Carlin in 1975
Born
George Denis Patrick Carlin

(1937-05-12)May 12, 1937
New York City, U.S.
DiedJune 22, 2008(2008-06-22) (aged 71)
Santa Monica, California, U.S.
Occupations
  • Stand-up comedian
  • actor
  • author
  • social critic
Years active1956–2008
Spouses
Brenda Hosbrook
​
​
(m. 1961; died 1997)​
Sally Wade
​
(m. 1998)​
Children
American culture
  • current events
  • death
  • drugs
  • everyday life
  • family
  • language
  • mass media
  • masculinity
  • misanthropy
  • nihilism
  • old age
  • philosophy
  • politics
  • pop culture
  • profanity
  • psychology
  • race relations
  • religion
  • society
    • Websitegeorgecarlin.com
    Signature

    George Denis Patrick Carlin (May 12, 1937 – June 22, 2008) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, author, and social critic. Regarded as one of the most important and influential

    stand-up comedians of all time, he was dubbed "the dean of counterculture comedians". He was known for his dark comedy and reflections on politics, the English language, psychology, religion, and taboo
    subjects.

    Carlin was a frequent performer and guest host on

    F.C.C. v. Pacifica Foundation, in which a 5–4 decision affirmed the government's power to censor indecent material
    on public airwaves.

    Carlin released his first solo album

    Napalm & Silly Putty (2002), and It's Bad for Ya
    (2008). The latter was his final comedy special, which was filmed less than four months before his death from cardiac failure.

    Carlin co-created and starred in the Fox sitcom The George Carlin Show (1994–1995). He is also known for his film performances in Car Wash (1976), Outrageous Fortune (1987), Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (1989), Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey (1991), The Prince of Tides (1991), Dogma (1999), Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back (2001), Scary Movie 3 (2003), and Jersey Girl (2004). He also had voice roles as Zugor in Tarzan II, Fillmore in Cars (2006), and as Mr. Conductor on Shining Time Station, as well as narrating the American dubs of Thomas & Friends.

    Carlin was posthumously awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor in 2008. He placed second on Comedy Central's list of top 10 American comedians in 2004,[1] while Rolling Stone magazine ranked him second on its list of the 50 best stand-up comedians of all time in 2017, in both cases behind Richard Pryor.[2]

    Early life

    George Denis Patrick Carlin

    NYPD police officer who wrote out the works of William Shakespeare by hand for fun.[10][11] Carlin's parents separated when he was two months old due to the alcoholism of his father, whom Carlin said was "never around".[3] His mother raised him and his brother on her own.[12] When Carlin was eight years old, his father died.[13]

    Carlin said that he picked up an appreciation for the effective use of the English language from his mother,[14] though they had a difficult relationship and he often ran away from home.[15] He grew up on West 121st Street in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, which he and his friends called "White Harlem" because it "sounded a lot tougher than its real name".[13] He attended Corpus Christi School, a Catholic parish school of the Corpus Christi Church in Morningside Heights.[16][17] One of Carlin's closest childhood friends was Randy Jurgensen, who would later to become one of the most decorated homicide detectives in NYPD history.[18] His mother owned a television, which was a new technology few people owned at the time, and Carlin became an avid fan of the pioneering late-night talk show Broadway Open House during its short run.[19] He went to the Bronx for high school, but was expelled from Cardinal Hayes High School after three semesters at age 15. He briefly attended Bishop Dubois High School in Harlem and Salesian High School in Goshen.[20] He spent many summers at Camp Notre Dame in Spofford, New Hampshire, where he regularly won the camp's drama award; upon his death, some of his ashes were scattered at Spofford Lake per his request.[21]

    Carlin joined the

    general discharge on July 29, 1957. During his time in the Air Force, he had been court-martialed three times and received many nonjudicial punishments and reprimands.[22]

    Career

    1959–1960: Early work and breakthrough

    Carlin (standing) with singer Buddy Greco in 1967

    In 1959, Carlin met Jack Burns, a fellow DJ at radio station KXOL in Fort Worth, Texas.[23] They formed a comedy team and after successful performances at Fort Worth's beat coffeehouse called The Cellar, Burns and Carlin headed for California in February 1960.[4]

    Within weeks of arriving in California, Burns and Carlin put together an audition tape and created The Wright Brothers, a morning show on KDAY in Hollywood. During their tenure at KDAY, they honed their material in beatnik coffeehouses at night.[24] Years later when he was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Carlin requested that it be placed in front of the KDAY studios near the corner of Sunset Boulevard and Vine Street.[25] Burns and Carlin recorded their only album, Burns and Carlin at the Playboy Club Tonight, in May 1960 at Cosmo Alley in Hollywood.[24] After two years together as a team, they parted to pursue individual careers, but "remain[ed] the best of friends".[26]

    Carlin performing on UK's This Is Tom Jones in 1969

    In the 1960s, Carlin began appearing on television variety shows, where he played various characters including a Native American sergeant, a stupid radio disc jockey, and a hippie weatherman.

    RCA Victor in 1967.[27] During this period, Carlin became a frequent performer and guest host on The Tonight Show, initially with Jack Paar as host, and then with Johnny Carson. Carlin became one of Carson's most frequent substitutes during the host's three-decade reign. Carlin was also cast in Away We Go, a 1967 comedy show that aired on CBS.[28] His material during his early career and his appearance, which consisted of suits and short-cropped hair, had been seen as "conventional", particularly when contrasted with his later anti-establishment material.[29]

    Carlin was present at

    The Troubadour in West Hollywood and The Bitter End in New York City, and later said that Carlin's income was thus reduced by 90% but his later career arc was greatly improved.[31]

    1970–1979: Stardom and acclaim

    Carlin in the 1970s

    In 1970, record producer Monte Kay formed the Little David Records subsidiary of Atlantic Records, with comedian Flip Wilson as co-owner.[32] Kay and Wilson signed Carlin away from RCA Records and recorded a Carlin performance at Washington, D.C.'s Cellar Door in May 1971, which was released as FM & AM in January 1972. De Blasio was busy managing the fast-paced career of Freddie Prinze and was about to sign Richard Pryor, so he released Carlin to Little David general manager Jack Lewis, who, like Carlin, was somewhat wild and rebellious.[33] Using his own persona as a springboard for his new comedy, he was presented by Ed Sullivan in a performance of "The Hair Piece" and quickly regained his popularity as the public caught on to his sense of style.[34]

    Starting in 1972, singer-songwriter Kenny Rankin was Carlin's label mate on Little David Records, and Rankin served many times as Carlin's musical guest or opening act during the early 1970s. The two flew together in Carlin's private jet; Carlin says that Rankin relapsed into using cocaine while on tour since Carlin had so much of the drug available.[35] The album FM & AM proved very popular. It marked Carlin's change from mainstream to counterculture comedy. The "AM" side was an extension of Carlin's previous style, with zany but relatively clean routines parodying aspects of American life. The "FM" side introduced Carlin's new style, with references to marijuana and birth control pills, and a playful examination of the word "shit". In this manner, Carlin renewed a style of radical social commentary comedy that Lenny Bruce had pioneered in the late 1950s.[31]

    Carlin c. 1973

    In this period, Carlin perfected his well-known "

    FCC after listening with his son to a similar routine, "Filthy Words" from Carlin's Occupation: Foole, which was broadcast one afternoon over radio station WBAI. Pacifica received a citation from the FCC for violating regulations that prohibit broadcasting "obscene" material. The Supreme Court upheld the FCC action by a vote of 5 to 4, ruling that the routine was "indecent but not obscene" and that the FCC had authority to prohibit such broadcasts during hours when children were likely to be among the audience.[38][39]

    The controversy increased Carlin's fame. He eventually expanded the "dirty words" theme with a seemingly interminable end to a performance, finishing with his voice fading out in one HBO version and accompanying the credits in the Carlin at Carnegie special for the 1982–83 season, and a set of 49 web pages organized by subject and embracing his "Incomplete List of Impolite Words".[40] On stage, during a rendition of this routine, Carlin learned that his previous comedy album FM & AM had won a Grammy. Midway through the performance on the album Occupation: Foole, he can be heard thanking someone for handing him a piece of paper. He then exclaimed "shit!" and proudly announced his win to the audience.[41] George Carlin was arrested seven times for reciting the "Seven Dirty Words" routine.[42]

    Carlin hosted the premiere broadcast of

    heart attacks during this layoff period.[46] His first two HBO specials aired in 1977 and 1978.[47][48]

    1980–1999: Film roles and sitcom

    In 1981, Carlin returned to the stage, releasing A Place for My Stuff and returning to HBO and New York City with the Carlin at Carnegie TV special, videotaped at Carnegie Hall and airing during the 1982–83 season. Carlin continued doing HBO specials every year or two over the following decade and a half. All of Carlin's albums from this time forward are from the HBO specials.[49][50] He hosted SNL for the second time on November 10, 1984, this time appearing in several sketches.[51]

    Carlin began to achieve prominence as a film actor with a major supporting role in the 1987 comedy hit

    1960s counterculture. In 1989, he gained popularity with a new generation of teens when he was cast as Rufus, the time-traveling mentor of the title characters in Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, and reprised his role in the film sequel Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey as well as the first season of the cartoon series. In 1991, Carlin had a major supporting role in the film The Prince of Tides, which starred Nick Nolte and Barbra Streisand, portraying the gay neighbor of the main character's suicidal sister.[52]

    He also played the role of "Mr Conductor" on the

    New York Times best-seller list.[56]

    2000–2008: Final HBO specials

    Carlin at a book signing for Brain Droppings in 2004

    Carlin later explained that there were other, more pragmatic reasons for abandoning his acting career in favor of standup. In an interview for Esquire magazine in 2001, he said, "Because of my abuse of drugs, I neglected my business affairs and had large arrears with the IRS, and that took me eighteen to twenty years to dig out of. I did it honorably, and I don't begrudge them. I don't hate paying taxes, and I'm not angry at anyone, because I was complicit in it. But I'll tell you what it did for me: it made me a way better comedian. Because I had to stay out on the road and I couldn't pursue that movie career, which would have gone nowhere, and I became a really good comic and a really good writer."[57]

    In 2001, Carlin was given a

    House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution in January 2004, where it was tabled.[58]

    Carlin in April 2008

    Carlin performed regularly as a headliner in Las Vegas, but in 2004 his run at the MGM Grand Las Vegas was terminated after an altercation with his audience. After a poorly received set, filled with dark references to suicide bombings and beheadings, Carlin complained that he could not wait to get out of "this fucking hotel" and Las Vegas; he wanted to go back east, he said, "where the real people are". He continued: "People who go to Las Vegas, you've got to question their fucking intellect to start with. Traveling hundreds and thousands of miles to essentially give your money to a large corporation is kind of fucking moronic. That's what I'm always getting here is these kind of fucking people with very limited intellects." When an audience member shouted, "Stop degrading us!" Carlin responded, "Thank you very much, whatever that was. I hope it was positive; if not, well, blow me." He was immediately fired, and soon thereafter his representative announced that he would begin treatment for alcohol and prescription painkiller addiction on his own initiative.[59][60]

    Following his 13th HBO special on November 5, 2005,

    VW Microbus with a psychedelic paint job and the license plate "51237" (Carlin's birthday). In 2007, he voiced the wizard in Happily N'Ever After
    , his last film.

    Carlin's last HBO stand-up special,

    Wells Fargo Center for the Arts in Santa Rosa, California.[62] Themes included "American bullshit", rights, death, old age, and child rearing. He repeated the theme to his audience several times throughout the show: "It's all bullshit, and it's bad for ya."[63] When asked on Inside the Actors Studio what turned him on, he responded, "Reading about language." When asked what made him proudest of his career, he cited the fact that his books had sold close to 1 million copies.[citation needed
    ]

    Personal life

    In August 1960, while touring with comedy partner Jack Burns in Dayton, Ohio, Carlin stopped at a roadside diner and met waitress Brenda Hosbrook.[3] They began dating and were married at her parents' home in Dayton on June 3, 1961.[64] Their only child, daughter Kelly Marie Carlin (born June 15, 1963), later became a radio host.[3] Carlin and Hosbrook renewed their wedding vows in Las Vegas in 1971.[3] Their marriage was often marred by his cocaine use and her alcoholism, the latter of which worsened when Carlin's mother came to stay with them and would secretly pour Hosbrook drinks while speaking negatively about Carlin.[3] When Hosbrook was hospitalized due to her drinking, she told Carlin that she would not return home if his mother was still there; he immediately went home, booked his mother on a flight back to New York, and took her to the airport.[3] The couple soon addressed their addiction issues, with the marriage improving so much that Kelly later said it felt like it had been rebooted.[3] Hosbrook died of liver cancer on May 11, 1997, the day before Carlin's 60th birthday.[3][65]

    Carlin met comedy writer Sally Wade six months after his wife's death and described it as "love at first sight", but admitted to her that he was hesitant to act on his feelings so soon after being widowed.[66] He told her that he needed to be alone, potentially for up to a year, before feeling ready to date again.[3] They then had no contact with each other and she assumed he had moved on, but he called her eight months later to ask her out on a date.[3] They wed in a private and unregistered ceremony on June 24, 1998, and remained married until Carlin's death in 2008.[67][68]

    In a 2008 interview, Carlin stated that using

    Vicodin,[69] and spent some time in a rehab facility in late 2004.[70] During the taping of his stand-up special Life Is Worth Losing on November 5, 2005, he mentioned that he had been sober for 341 days.[71]

    Although born into a

    Catholic family, Carlin was outspoken in his rejection of religion in all forms, frequently criticizing and mocking it in his comedy routines.[72] When asked if he believed in God, he responded, "No. No, there's no God—but there might be some sort of an organizing intelligence, and I think to understand it is way beyond our ability."[73]

    Death

    Carlin had a history of heart problems spanning three decades,

    angioplasties on undisclosed dates.[76] In the 2022 documentary George Carlin's American Dream, Jerry Hamza—Carlin's manager from 1980 until his death—said that Carlin underwent so many heart surgeries in such a short span of time towards the end of his life that he once lifted up his shirt to show Hamza his torso, prompting Hamza to remark that it looked like an experiment.[3]

    On June 22, 2008, at the age of 71, Carlin died of heart failure at

    The Orleans Hotel and Casino. In accordance with his wishes, his body was cremated and his ashes were scattered in front of various New York City nightclubs and over Spofford Lake in New Hampshire, where he had attended summer camp as an adolescent.[79] His will stated that there was to be no funeral, religious or otherwise, and that he wished only for his widow and daughter to host a small gathering at his home for loved ones to share their fun stories of him.[3]

    Legacy

    Awards and honors

    Along with

    Walk of Fame in 1980 and was a recipient of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts's Mark Twain Prize for American Humor
    in 2008.

    Influences

    Carlin's influences included Danny Kaye,[15][80] Jonathan Winters,[15] Lenny Bruce,[46][81][82] Richard Pryor,[46] Nichols and May,[83] Jerry Lewis,[15][46] the Marx Brothers,[15][46] Mort Sahl,[82] Spike Jones,[46] Ernie Kovacs,[46] and the Ritz Brothers.[15] His daughter Kelly said in 2022 that he took more acting roles in the latter half of his career because he "never gave up on the Danny Kaye dream".[3]

    Comedians who have claimed Carlin as an influence include Adam Ferrara,[84] Bill Burr,[85] Chris Rock,[86] Jerry Seinfeld,[87] Louis C.K.,[88] Lewis Black,[89] Jon Stewart,[90] Stephen Colbert,[91] Bill Maher,[92][93] Liz Miele,[94] Patrice O'Neal,[95] Colin Quinn,[96] Steven Wright,[97] Mitch Hedberg,[98] Russell Peters,[99] Bo Burnham,[100] Jay Leno,[101] Ben Stiller,[101] Kevin Smith,[102] Chris Rush,[103] Rob McElhenney,[104] and Jim Jefferies.[105]

    The Carlin Warning

    After Carlin's seven dirty words routine and subsequent FCC v. Pacifica Foundation Supreme Court ruling in 1978, broadcasters started to use the "Carlin Warning" to remind performers of the words they could not say during a live performance.[106]

    Tributes

    George Carlin Way in Manhattan

    Upon Carlin's death in 2008, HBO broadcast 11 of his 14 HBO specials from June 25 to 28, including a 12-hour marathon block on their HBO Comedy channel. NBC scheduled a rerun of the first episode of

    Carlin's Corner, featuring all of his comedy albums, live concerts, and works from his private archives.[110] Larry King devoted his entire show on June 23 to a Carlin tribute, featuring interviews with Jerry Seinfeld, Bill Maher, Roseanne Barr and Lewis Black, as well as Carlin's brother Patrick Jr. and daughter Kelly. On June 24, The New York Times printed an op-ed piece on Carlin by Jerry Seinfeld.[111] Cartoonist Garry Trudeau paid tribute in his Doonesbury comic strip on July 27.[112]

    A dedication from the Laugh Factory two days after Carlin died

    Four days before Carlin's death, the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts had named him its 2008 Mark Twain Prize for American Humor honoree.[113] He became its first posthumous recipient on November 10, 2008.[114] Comedians honoring him at the ceremony included Jon Stewart, Bill Maher, Lily Tomlin (a past winner of the prize), Lewis Black, Denis Leary, Joan Rivers, and Margaret Cho. Louis C.K. dedicated his stand-up special Chewed Up to Carlin, while Lewis Black dedicated the second season of Root of All Evil to him.

    For a number of years, Carlin had been compiling and writing his autobiography, to be released in conjunction with a one-man Broadway show tentatively titled New York Boy. After his death, his collaborator on both projects Tony Hendra edited the autobiography for release as Last Words. The book, chronicling most of Carlin's life and future plans including the one-man show, was published in 2009. The abridged audio edition is narrated by Carlin's brother Patrick Jr.[115] In March 2011, Carlin's widow Sally Wade published The George Carlin Letters: The Permanent Courtship of Sally Wade, a collection of previously unpublished writings and artwork by Carlin interwoven with Wade's chronicle of their decade together.[116] The subtitle is a phrase on a handwritten note that Wade found next to her computer upon returning home from the hospital after his death.[117] In 2008, Carlin's daughter Kelly announced plans to publish an "oral history", a collection of stories from Carlin's friends and family.[118] She later indicated that the project had been shelved in favor of completion of her own project,[119] an autobiographical one-woman show called A Carlin Home Companion: Growing Up with George.[120][121]

    On October 22, 2014, a portion of Carlin's childhood West 121st Street in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan was renamed "George Carlin Way".[122] Moneyball screenwriter Stan Chervin announced in October 2018 that a biopic of Carlin was being written.[123][124]

    HBO Max on May 20, 2022. It was directed by Judd Apatow and Michael Bonfiglio, and produced by Carlin's daughter Kelly.[125] In a Netflix stand-up special released in May 2022, The Hall: Honoring the Greats of Stand-Up inducted Carlin into the National Comedy Center in Jamestown, New York.[126]

    Internet hoaxes

    Many online quotes have been falsely attributed to Carlin, including various joke lists, rants, and other pieces. The website Snopes, which debunks urban legends and myths, has addressed these hoaxes.[127] Many of them contain material that runs counter to Carlin's viewpoints; some are especially volatile toward racial groups, gay people, women, the homeless, and other targets. Carlin was aware of this and debunked the quotes by writing on his website, "Here's a rule of thumb, folks: nothing you see on the Internet is mine unless it comes from one of my albums, books, HBO specials, or appeared on my website. [...] It bothers me that some people might believe that I would be capable of writing some of this stuff."

    In 2011, "Weird Al" Yankovic referenced the hoaxes in his song "Stop Forwarding That Crap to Me" with the lyric, "And by the way, your quotes from George Carlin aren't really George Carlin."

    Filmography

    Film

    Year Title Role Notes
    1968 With Six You Get Eggroll Herbie Fleck
    1976 Car Wash Taxi Driver
    1979 Americathon Narrator
    1987 Outrageous Fortune Frank Madras
    1989 Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure Rufus
    1991 Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey
    The Prince of Tides Eddie Detreville
    1999 Dogma Cardinal Ignatius Glick
    2001 Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back Hitchhiker
    2003 Scary Movie 3
    Architect
    2004 Jersey Girl Bart Trinké
    2005 The Aristocrats Himself Documentary
    Tarzan II Zugor Voice
    2006 Cars
    Fillmore
    Happily N'Ever After Wizard
    2020 Bill & Ted Face the Music Rufus Posthumous release; archival footage[128]

    Television

    Year Title Role Notes
    1962 The Tonight Show Himself 1 episode
    1965 The Merv Griffin Show 1 episode
    1966 The Jimmy Dean Show 2 episodes
    The Kraft Summer Music Hall — Writer
    1966 That Girl George Lester Episode: "Break a Leg"
    1967–1971 The Ed Sullivan Show Himself 11 episodes
    1968 The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour 1 episode
    1969 What's My Line? 1 episode
    The Game Game 1 episode
    The Carol Burnett Show 1 episode
    1971–1973 The Flip Wilson Show 6 episodes
    Also writer
    1972 The Mike Douglas Show 1 episode
    1977 Welcome Back, Kotter Wally 'The Wow' Wexler Episode: "Radio Free Freddie"
    1975, 1984 Saturday Night Live Host Episodes: 1 and 183
    1985 Apt. 2C Fictionalized version of himself, Jesus Christ Pilot episode produced for HBO
    1987 Nick at Nite —
    1988 Justin Case Justin Case TV movie directed Blake Edwards
    1990 Working Tra$h Ralph Sawatzky Television film
    1991–1996 Thomas & Friends Narrator Series 1–4
    Voice, US dub; 104 episodes
    1991–1993 Shining Time Station Mr. Conductor, Narrator 45 episodes
    1995 Shining Time Station: Once Upon a Time Television film
    Shining Time Station: Second Chances
    Shining Time Station: One of the Family
    Streets of Laredo Billy Williams 3 episodes
    Shining Time Station: Queen for a Day
    Mr. Conductor
    		 Television film
    1994–1995 The George Carlin Show George O'Grady 27 episodes
    1996 Mr. Conductor's Thomas Tales
    Mr. Conductor
    , Narrator     		6 episodes
    1999 Storytime with Thomas 2 episodes
    1998 The Simpsons Munchie Voice, episode: "D'oh-in' in the Wind"
    1999, 2004 The Daily Show Himself 3 episodes
    2000
    MADtv
         		Mr. Conductor Episodes:
    518 & 524
    2004 Inside the Actors Studio Himself 1 episode
    2008
    Cars Toons: Mater's Tall Tales
    Fillmore
    		 Voice, episode: "Unidentified Flying Mater"; archival recordings

    Video games

    Year Title Role
    2006 Cars
    Fillmore

    Discography

    Records

    Main
    Compilations

    HBO specials

    Special Year Notes
    On Location: George Carlin at USC 1977
    George Carlin: Again! 1978
    Carlin at Carnegie 1982
    Carlin on Campus 1984
    Playin' with Your Head 1986
    What Am I Doing in New Jersey? 1988
    Doin' It Again 1990
    Jammin' in New York 1992
    Back in Town 1996
    George Carlin: 40 Years of Comedy 1997
    You Are All Diseased 1999
    Complaints and Grievances 2001
    Life Is Worth Losing 2005
    All My Stuff 2007 A box set of Carlin's first 12 stand-up specials
    (excluding George Carlin: 40 Years of Comedy).
    It's Bad for Ya 2008
    Commemorative Collection 2018

    Bibliography

    Book Year Notes
    Sometimes a Little Brain Damage Can Help 1984
    ISBN 0-89471-271-3[130]
    Brain Droppings 1997
    ISBN 0-7868-8321-9[131]
    Napalm and Silly Putty 2001
    ISBN 0-7868-8758-3[132]
    When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops? 2004
    ISBN 1-4013-0134-7[133]
    Three Times Carlin: An Orgy of George
    		 2006
    ISBN 978-1-4013-0243-6[134]
    A collection of the three previous titles.
    Last Words 2009
    ISBN 1-4391-7295-1[135]
    Posthumous release.

    Audiobooks

    See also

    References

    1. ^ "Stand Up Comedy & Comedians". Comedy Zone. Archived from the original on November 23, 2005. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
    2. ^ Love, Matthew (February 14, 2017). "The 50 Best Stand-up Comics of All Time". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
    3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n George Carlin's American Dream (2022)
    4. ^
      ISBN 9780306818295
      . Retrieved June 10, 2014.
    5. ^ Carlin, George (November 17, 2001). Complaints and Grievances (TV). HBO.
    6. ^ Carlin & Hendra 2009, p. 6 "Lying there in New York Hospital, my first definitive act on this planet was to vomit."
    7. ^ Murphy, J; Littleton, Cynthia (April 17, 2022). "Patrick Carlin, Comedy Raconteur and Influence on Brother George Carlin, Dies at 90". Variety. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
    8. ^ "George Carlin - pride". YouTube. February 2, 2010. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
    9. ^ George Carlin, Last Words (New York: Free Press, 2010), p. 288
    10. ^ "Jon Stewart Interviews George Carlin". YouTube. August 16, 2016. Retrieved October 19, 2021.
    11. ^ George Carlin - Unmasked with George Carlin, archived from the original on December 11, 2021, retrieved November 12, 2021
    12. ^ "Jon Stewart Interviews George Carlin". George Carlin Official YouTube Channel. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
    13. ^ a b c Dixit, Jay (June 23, 2008). "George Carlin's last interview". Psychology Today. Archived from the original on June 26, 2008. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
    14. ISBN 9781403965325
      .
    15. ^ a b c d e f Merrill, Sam (January 1982). "Playboy Interview: George Carlin". Playboy.
    16. ^ "George Carlin: Early Years". George Carlin website (georgecarlin.com). Archived from the original on July 8, 2009. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
    17. ^ Flegenheimer, Matt (October 25, 2011). "Carlin Street' Resisted by His Old Church. Was It Something He Said?". The New York Times. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
    18. ^ "About". Randy Jurgensen. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
    19. ^ Carlin, George (December 17, 2007). George Carlin Interview Part 1 of 7 - TelevisionAcademy.com/Interviews. Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Event occurs at 20:23. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
    20. ^ Gonzalez, David (June 24, 2008). "George Carlin Didn't Shun School That Ejected Him". The New York Times. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
    21. ^ "Interesting, Strange & Weird New Hampshire Facts". NHTourGuide.com. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
    22. ^ "Comedian George Carlin dies at 71". Variety. June 22, 2008. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
    23. ^ "Texas Radio Hall of Fame: George Carlin". Archived from the original on September 23, 2004. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
    24. ^ a b "Timeline – 1960s". George Carlin Biography. Archived from the original on June 21, 2000. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
    25. ^ "Biographical information for George Carlin". Kennedy Center. Archived from the original on February 20, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
    26. ^ Carlin & Hendra 2009, pp. 47–8.
    27. ^ a b "George Carlin's official site (see Timeline)". Georgecarlin.com. Archived from the original on October 8, 2009. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
    28. ^ "Away We Go (1967– ) Full Cast & Crew". IMDb. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
    29. ^ ABC World News Tonight; June 23, 2008.
    30. Profanity". Penn & Teller: Bullshit!. Season 2. Episode 10. August 12, 2004. Showtime
      .
    31. ^
      ISBN 9781596919440
      . Retrieved June 12, 2014.
    32. ^ Sullivan 2010, p. 114.
    33. ^ Sullivan 2010, p. 158.
    34. ^ Goldmark, Tony. "George Carlin – Biography". Amoeba Music. Retrieved September 1, 2016. He bridged these two sides of his persona with 'The Hair Piece,' a whimsical poem about public aversion to long hair that he performed on Ed Sullivan, effectively reintroducing and reinventing himself to America. FM & AM went Gold, got him a gig at Carnegie Hall, and won the Grammy award for Best Comedy Album.
    35. ^ Carlin & Hendra 2009, p. 151
    36. ^ Jim Stingl (June 30, 2007). "Carlin's naughty words still ring in officer's ears". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved March 23, 2008.
    37. ^ "Against Comedian: Charges Refused". The Tuscaloosa News. July 23, 1972. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
    38. F.C.C. v. Pacifica Foundation
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    External links
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