George Schaller
George Beals Schaller | |
---|---|
University of Alaska University of Wisconsin–Madison | |
Known for | Mountain gorilla conservation |
Awards |
|
Scientific career | |
Fields | Biologist, conservationist |
Institutions | Panthera, Wildlife Conservation Society |
George Beals Schaller (born 26 May 1933
Early life
Schaller was born in Berlin, Germany. He received his
Mountain gorilla research
In 1959, when Schaller was only 26, he traveled to Central Africa to study and live with the
The American zoologist Dian Fossey, with assistance from the National Geographic Society and Louis Leakey, followed Schaller's ground-breaking field research on mountain gorillas in the Virungas.[1] Schaller and Fossey were instrumental in dispelling the public perception of gorillas as brutes, by demonstrably establishing the deep compassion and social intelligence evident among gorillas, and how very closely their behavior parallels that of humans.[10]
No one who looks into a gorilla's eyes – intelligent, gentle, vulnerable – can remain unchanged, for the gap between ape and human vanishes; we know that the gorilla still lives within us. Do gorillas also recognize this ancient connection?[15]
Conservation career
In 1963-4, Shaller and his wife were in Kanha National Park, India where they studied tigers. In 1966, Schaller and his wife traveled to Tanzania to live in the Serengeti, and Schaller conducted one of the first studies of social behavior and movement of Africa's big cats.[7][13]
In his 1972 work The Tree Where Man Was Born, author Peter Matthiessen described Schaller as "single-minded, not easy to know". Matthiessen went on to say Schaller was "a stern pragmatist" who "takes a hard-eyed look at almost everything", "lean and intent", and in 1978's The Snow Leopard Matthiessen wrote that by that time, some considered Schaller the world's finest field biologist.[2][6][16]
In the fall of 1973, Schaller went to the remote
In the late 1970s, Schaller spent time in Brazil studying the jaguar, capybara, "alligator" (caiman), and other animals of the region.[11]
In 1980, as part of a cooperative project between the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and China, Schaller carried out field research on the giant panda in the Wolong Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province. He was the first Westerner to do so since before the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, and he co-authored the resulting monograph, The Giant Pandas of Wolong. Schaller sought to refute the notion that the panda population was declining due to natural bamboo die-offs.[10][11] Instead, Schaller found the panda's popularity was leading to its frequent capture, and was the biggest threat to the population. Schaller also found evidence that pandas were originally carnivores, but underwent an evolutionary change to accommodate a diet of bamboo, which is difficult to digest, reducing competition with other animals for food.[11] Since Schaller's research, the panda population has increased in the wild by 45 percent.[13] During his time in China, Schaller would hand out cards to wildlife hunters that read: "All beings tremble at punishment, to all, life is dear. Comparing others to oneself, one should neither kill nor cause to kill."[13] Schaller has spent more time in China than he has spent at his home in Connecticut.[1] In 1993, Schaller wrote The Last Panda, a meditation not only on the fate of the species but on the politics of conservation more broadly.
In 1988, Schaller and his wife traveled to China's Chang Tang (Qiang Tang) region to study the Tibetan antelope, or chiru, and became one of the first westerners permitted to enter the remote region.[19]
In 1994, Schaller and Dr.
In 2003, Schaller returned to Chang Tang, and found the wildlife in the area had rebounded since his first trip to the region.[20][21][22] Most significantly, the wild yak population, which was estimated at only 13 individuals, had grown to over 187.[21] "The Tibet Forestry Department has obviously made a dedicated and successful effort in protecting the wildlife." Schaller wrote in a letter to the World Wildlife Fund's Dawa Cering.[21] While in Tibet, Schaller worked on researching the rare Tibetan antelope, or chiru, whose population declined due to trophy hunting for their exotic wool.[23] Working with Tibetan authorities, and the Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation, Schaller helped protect the breeding and calving grounds of the chiru in the Kunlun mountains of Xinjiang Province.[23]
In 2007, Schaller worked with Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and China to develop a new "Peace Park", that would protect 20,000 miles (32,000 km) of habitat for the largest wild sheep species, the Marco Polo sheep.[1][8][13] In danger due to their impressive spiral horns, which can measure up to 6 feet (1.8 m) in length, the sheep is sought out as a trophy by international hunters.[1] Schaller's research in the Pamir Mountains will play an important role in the park's creation.[1][5][8]
Conservation results
Schaller's work in conservation has resulted in the protection of large stretches of area in the
Bigfoot research
Schaller is one of a few prominent scientists who argue that
Publications
Schaller has written more than fifteen books on African and Asian
Awards and recognition
Schaller's conservation honors include National Geographic's Lifetime Achievement Award,[1] a
In 2017, a newly discovered species of scorpion was named as Liocheles schalleri in his honor.[34]
Personal life
His wife Kay majored in Anthropology at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks, where she fell in love with George Schaller. They married in 1957 and Kay was an indispensable partner in life to her husband George for nearly seven decades where she assisted in fieldwork, edited and typed his manuscripts, and allowed him to pursue his passion for wildlife studies. Kay Schaller passed on March 7, 2023 at the age of 93.[35]
The couple had two sons.
Bibliography
- Schaller, George B. (1963). The Mountain Gorilla – Ecology and Behavior. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226736358.
- ————— (1964). The Year of the Gorilla. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 304 pages. ISBN 0-226-73648-2.
- ————— (1967). The Deer and the Tiger. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 370 pages.
- —————; Selsam, Millicent E. (1969). The Tiger: Its Life in the Wild. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 9780065160703.
- ————— (1972). Serengeti: A Kingdom of Predators. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-47242-X.
- ————— (1972). Mountain Monarchs: Wild Sheep and Goats of the Himalaya. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 472 pages. ISBN 0-226-73641-5.
- ————— (1972). The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 494 pages. ISBN 0-226-73640-7.
- ————— (1973). Golden Shadows, Flying Hooves. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 287 pages. ISBN 0-394-47243-8.
- —————; Schaller, Kay (1977). Wonders of Lions. New York: Putnam Publishing Group Library. p. 304. ISBN 0-396-07409-X.
- ————— (1980). Stones of Silence: Journeys in the Himalaya. London: Andre Deutsch. p. 292 pages. ISBN 0-233-97215-3.
- —————; Jinchu, Hu; Wenshi, Pan; Jing, Zhu (1985). The Giant Pandas of Wolong. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-73643-1.
- ————— (1993). The Last Panda. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 312 pages. ISBN 0-226-73628-8.
- ————— (1997). Tibet's Hidden Wilderness: Wildlife and Nomads of the Chang Tang Reserve. New York: Harry N. Abrams. p. 168 pages. ISBN 0-8109-3893-6.
- ————— (1998). Wildlife of the Tibetan Steppe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 383 pages. ISBN 0-226-73653-9.
- —————; Vrba, Elisabeth S., eds. (2000). Antelopes, Deer, and Relatives: Fossil Record, Behavioral Ecology, Systematics, and Conservation. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press. p. 356 pages. ISBN 0-300-08142-1.
- ————— (2007). A Naturalist and Other Beasts: Tales From a Life in the Field. San Francisco, Calif: ISBN 978-1-57805-129-8.
- ————— (2012). Tibet Wild: A Naturalist's Journeys on the Roof of the World. Washington, DC: Island Books. ISBN 978-1-61091-172-6.
- Schaller, George B. (2014). Deki: The Adventures of a Dog and a Boy in Tibet. Hachette India. ISBN 9789350098479.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Schaller, George B. (2020). Into Wild Mongolia. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300246179.
See also
- Biruté Galdikas
- Jane Goodall
- Dawn Prince-Hughes
- Wildlife Conservation International
- Virunga National Park
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Lifetime Achievement: Biologist George Schaller". National Geographic. 2007. Archived from the original on October 14, 2007. Retrieved October 5, 2007.
- ^ a b c d Minnesota State University. "George Schaller". Minnesota State University, Mankato. Archived from the original on September 24, 2007. Retrieved October 5, 2007.
- ^ Biography.com (2007). "George B(eals) Schaller Biography (1933– )". Biography.com, A&E Television Networks. Archived from the original on May 7, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2007.
- ^ "George Schaller at eliteprospects.com". www.eliteprospects.com.
- ^ a b c Bryan Walsh (October 17, 2007). "George Schaller – Heroes of the Environment". Time. Archived from the original on October 21, 2007. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
- ^ a b c d K. Pradeep (October 1, 2006). "Man of Nature: A freewheeling chat with environmentalist George Schaller". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on October 17, 2006. Retrieved October 5, 2007.
- ^ a b Ned Rozell (2006). "Biologist sees value in unchanged landscape". Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska – Fairbanks. Archived from the original on May 3, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
- ^ a b c G. Ananthakrishnan (2006). "A country like India must have a land use plan". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved October 20, 2007.
- ^ a b c California Academy of Sciences (2000). "A Conversation with Dr. George Schaller". California Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on September 12, 2005. Retrieved October 5, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e Sanctuary Asia (2006). "Dr. George Schaller Interview". Sanctuary Asia. Archived from the original on October 8, 2007. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e International Cosmos Prize (1996). "The Prizewinner, 1996: George Beals Schaller". International Cosmos Prize. Archived from the original on October 5, 2007. Retrieved October 5, 2007.
- ^ "Voices: George Schaller". National Geographic. 2006. Archived from the original on January 29, 2013. Retrieved October 5, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ryan Bradley (2007). "Biologist George Schaller's 50-Year Battle". National Geographic. Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2007.
- ^ Cable in the Classroom (2006). "Mountain Gorillas". Animal Planet. Archived from the original on May 7, 2008. Retrieved October 5, 2007.
- ^ Schaller, George B. (October 1995). "Gentle Gorillas, Turbulent Times". National Geographic. 188 (4): 66.
- ^ ISBN 0-14-025508-7.
- ^ 1979 Contemporary Thought and 1980 General Nonfiction (paperback). There were more than 30 awards for paperback books, 1980 to 1983 only, and The Snow Leopard was the only double winner.
"National Book Award Winners: 1950–2009" Archived July 31, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. National Book Foundation: Awards. Retrieved January 5, 2012. - ISBN 0-670-65374-8.
- ISBN 0-8109-3893-6.
- ^ a b Wildlife Conservation Society (2007). "WCS Biologist George Schaller Reports Surprising Increase of Wildlife in Tibet". Wildlife Conservation Society. Archived from the original on August 11, 2007. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
- ^ a b c Chinese Embassy (2003). "American Biologist Praises Tibetan Wildlife Conservation". Chinese Embassy. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
- ^ National Public Radio. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
- ^ a b George B. Schaller; Kang Aili; Cai Xinbin; Liu Yanlin. "Current Reports: Observations from a Recent Field Report". Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenberg Foundation. Archived from the original on November 26, 2007. Retrieved October 20, 2007.
- ^ Christopher Joyce (1990). "On the Trail of the Snow Leopard". New Scientist. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
- ^ Bailey, Eric (April 19, 2003). "Bigfoot's Big Feat: New Life; A prankster's deeds revealed posthumously appeared to doom the legend". Los Angeles Times. pp. section A.1. Retrieved October 5, 2007.
- ^ Eric Bailey (2003). "Bigfoot's Big Feat: New Life". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 5, 2007 – via Bigfoot Field Researchers Organization.
- ^ Theo Stein (January 5, 2003). "Bigfoot Believers: Legitimate scientific study of legend gains backing of top primate experts". The Denver Post. p. 1. Retrieved October 5, 2007 – via Bigfoot Field Researchers Organization.
- ^ Theo Stein (2003). "Bigfoot Believers: Legitimate scientific study of legend gains backing of top primate experts". The Denver Post. Retrieved October 5, 2007 – via NewsBank.
- ^ a b
Doreen Fitzgerald (2006). "Noted wildlife expert returns to Alaska". University of Alaska. Retrieved October 20, 2007.
- ^ Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement (1997). "Tyler Prize Laureates". University of Southern California College of Letters, Arts & Sciences. Archived from the original on August 8, 2007. Retrieved October 20, 2007.
- ^ "National Book Awards – 1973". National Book Foundation. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
- American Academy of Achievement.
- ^ Indianapolis Zoological Society (2008). "Distinguished Field Biologist George B. Schaller Named Winner of the 2008 Indianapolis Prize". Indianapolis Zoological Society. Archived from the original on September 10, 2008. Retrieved September 29, 2008.
- PMID 29686218.
- "Tiny scorpion packs a punch". The Hindu. December 20, 2017.
- ^ "Kay Schaller Obituary (2023) - Lebanon, NH - Litchfield County Times". Legacy.com.
External links
- Vice President at Panthera
- George B. Schaller, Ph.D. Biography and Interview on American Academy of Achievement
- History of the Wildlife Conservation Society
- WCS press release WCS biologist George Schaller reports surprising increase in Tibet's wildlife
- UnMuseum.org Dian Fossey and the Gorillas of the Virunga Volcanoes
- Wildlife Conservation Society – Saving Wild Places
- George Schaller at Library of Congress Authorities — with 33 catalog records