Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)
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Georgetown is a historic neighborhood and commercial district in Northwest Washington, D.C., situated along the Potomac River. Founded in 1751 as part of the colonial-era Province of Maryland, Georgetown predated the establishment of Washington, D.C. by 40 years. Georgetown was an independent municipality until 1871 when the United States Congress created a new consolidated government for the entire District of Columbia. A separate act, passed in 1895, repealed Georgetown's remaining local ordinances and renamed Georgetown's streets to conform with those in Washington, D.C..
The primary commercial corridors of Georgetown are the intersection of Wisconsin Avenue and M Street, which contain high-end shops, bars, restaurants, and Georgetown Park, an enclosed shopping mall. Washington Harbour, which includes waterfront restaurants, is located to the south on K Street between 30th and 31st Streets.
Georgetown is home to the main campus of
are located in Georgetown.History
Situated on the
17th century
In 1632, English fur trader Henry Fleet documented an American Indian village of the Nacotchtank people called Tohoga on the site of present-day Georgetown and established trade there.[1] The area was then part of the Province of Maryland, an English colony.[citation needed]
18th century
In approximately 1745, George Gordon constructed a tobacco inspection house along the Potomac River on a site that was already a tobacco trading post when the inspection house was built. Warehouses, wharves, and other buildings were then constructed around the inspection house, and it quickly became a small community. Georgetown grew as thriving port, facilitating trade and shipments of goods to and from the colonial-era Province of Maryland.[2]
In 1751, the legislature of the Province of Maryland authorized the purchase of 60 acres (240,000 m2) of land from Gordon and George Beall for £280.[3] A survey of the town was completed in February 1752.[4]
Georgetown was founded during the reign of King George II, and some speculate that the town was named after him. A second theory is that the town was named after its founders, George Gordon and George Beall.[5] The Maryland Legislature issued a charter and incorporated the town in 1789.[6] Although Georgetown was never officially made a city, it was later referred to as the "City of Georgetown" in several 19th-century Acts of Congress.[7]) Robert Peter, an early area merchant in the tobacco trade, became the town's first mayor in 1790.[8]
John Beatty established the first church in Georgetown, a Lutheran church on High Street. Stephen Bloomer Balch established a Presbyterian church in 1784. A Catholic Church, Trinity Catholic Church, was built in 1795, along with a parish school-house. Construction of St. John's Episcopal Church began in 1797 but paused for financial reasons until 1803, and the church was finally consecrated in 1809. Banks in Georgetown included the Farmers and Mechanics Bank, which was established in 1814. Other banks included the Bank of Washington, Patriotic Bank, Bank of the Metropolis, and the Union and Central Banks of Georgetown.[9]
Newspapers in Georgetown included the Republican Weekly Ledger, which was the first paper, started in 1790. The Sentinel was first published in 1796 by Green, English & Co. Charles C. Fulton began publishing the Potomac Advocate, which was started by Thomas Turner. Other newspapers in Georgetown included the Georgetown Courier and the Federal Republican. William B. Magruder, the first postmaster, was appointed on February 16, 1790, and in 1795, a custom house was established on Water Street. General James M. Lingan served as the first collector of the port.[9]
In the 1790s, City Tavern, the Union Tavern, and the Columbian Inn opened and were popular throughout the 19th century.[10] Among these taverns, only the City Tavern remains today, serving as a private social club and known as City Tavern Club, located near the corner of Wisconsin Avenue and M Street.[citation needed]
George Washington frequented Georgetown, including Suter's Tavern, where he negotiated many deals to acquire land for the new national capital.[11] A key figure in the land deals was a local merchant named Benjamin Stoddert, who arrived in Georgetown in 1783. He had previously served as Secretary to the Board of War under the Articles of Confederation. Stoddert partnered with General Uriah Forrest to become an original proprietor of the Potomac Company.[12]
Stoddert and other Potomac landowners agreed to a land transfer deal to the federal government at a dinner at Forrest's home in Georgetown on March 28, 1791. Stoddert bought land within the boundaries of the federal district, some of it at the request of Washington for the government, and some on speculation. He also purchased stock in the federal government under Hamilton's assumption-of-debt plan. The speculative purchases were not, however, profitable and caused Stoddert much difficulty before his appointment as Secretary of the Navy by John Adams, the nation's second president. Stoddert was rescued from his debts with the help of William Marbury, a Georgetown resident who later was a plaintiff in the landmark case Marbury v. Madison. Stoddert ultimately purchased Halcyon House at the corner of 34th and Prospect Streets.[12] The Forrest-Marbury House on M Street is currently the embassy of Ukraine.
19th century
In 1800, the federal capital was moved from the
By the 1820s, the
The canal provided an economic boost for Georgetown. In the 1820s and 1830s, Georgetown was an sizable shipping center. Tobacco and other goods were transferred between the canal and shipping on the Potomac River; salt was imported from Europe, and sugar and molasses were imported from the
The municipal governments of Georgetown and the City and County of Washington were formally revoked by Congress effective June 1, 1871, at which point its governmental powers were vested within the District of Columbia.[14] The streets in Georgetown were renamed in 1895 to conform to the street names in use in Washington.[15]
In the 1850s, Georgetown had a large
By the late 19th century, flour milling and other industries in Georgetown were declining, in part due to the fact that the canals and other waterways continually silted up.[20] Nathaniel Michler and S.T. Abert led efforts to dredge the channels and remove rocks around the Georgetown harbor, though these were temporary solutions and Congress showed little interest in the issue.[21] An 1890 flood and expansion of the railroads brought destitution to the C&O Canal, and Georgetown's waterfront became more industrialized, with narrow alleys, warehouses, and apartment dwellings which lacked plumbing or electricity. Shipping trade vanished between the Civil War and World War I.[22] As a result, many older homes were preserved relatively unchanged.
In the late 18th century and 19th century, African Americans comprised a substantial portion of Georgetown's population, with a large number centered around Herring Hill in the far eastern section near Rock Creek Park. The 1800 census reported the population in Georgetown at 5,120, which included 1,449 slaves and 227 free blacks.[17] A testament to the African-American history that remains today is the Mount Zion United Methodist Church, which is the oldest African-American congregation in Washington. Prior to establishing the church, free blacks and slaves went to the Dumbarton Methodist Church where they were restricted to a hot, overcrowded balcony. The church was originally located in a small brick meetinghouse on 27th Street, but it was destroyed by fire in the 1880s. The church was rebuilt on the present site.[23] Mount Zion Cemetery offered free burials for Washington's earlier African-American population.[24] "From a pre-Civil War population of 6,798 whites, 1,358 free Negroes, and 577 slaves, Georgetown's population had grown to 17,300 but half these residents were poverty-stricken Negroes."[22] Other black churches in Georgetown included Alexander Memorial Baptist Church, First Baptist Church, Jerusalem Baptist Church, and Epiphany Catholic Church.[25]
20th century
In 1915, the
The
In 1950, Public Law 808 was passed, establishing the historic district of "Old Georgetown".[28] The law required that the United States Commission of Fine Arts be consulted on any alteration, demolition, or building construction within the historic district.[29]
In 1967, the Georgetown Historic District was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.[30]
21st century
Georgetown is home to many politicians and
Geography
Georgetown is bounded by the
The primary commercial corridors of Georgetown are
Education
Primary and secondary education
Throughout the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, the concentration of wealth in Georgetown sparked the growth of many
Private schools currently located in Georgetown include Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School, while nearby is the eponymous Georgetown Day School. Georgetown Preparatory School, while founded in Georgetown, moved in 1915 to its present location several miles north of Georgetown in Montgomery County.
Georgetown University
The main campus of
The main campus is just over 102 acres (41 ha) in area and includes 58 buildings, student residences capable of accommodating 80 percent of undergraduates, various athletic facilities, and the medical school.[39] Most buildings employ collegiate Gothic architecture and Georgian brick architecture. Campus green areas include fountains, a cemetery, large clusters of flowers, groves of trees, and open quadrangles.[40] The main campus has traditionally centered on Dahlgren Quadrangle, although Red Square has replaced it as the focus of student life.[41] Healy Hall, built in Flemish Romanesque style from 1877 to 1879, is the architectural gem of Georgetown's campus, and is a National Historic Landmark.[42]
The 1973 film The Exorcist was partly filmed at Georgetown University and the surrounding area. The Exorcist steps, the stairway that the character Father Damien fell down, connects Prospect Street, on the edge of the campus, and M Street.
Public libraries
The District of Columbia Public Library operates the Georgetown Neighborhood Library,[43] which originally opened at 3260 R St. NW in October 1935 on the site of the former Georgetown Reservoir. An earlier public library in Georgetown was endowed by financier George Peabody in 1867 and opened in a room of the Curtis School on O Street opposite St. John's Church in 1875. In the early 1930s, a library committee was formed to encourage the establishment of a new public library branch in Georgetown.[44]
The building was severely damaged by a fire on April 30, 2007, and underwent a $17.9 million renovation and expansion. The building was then re-opened on October 18, 2010, with a
Transportation
Georgetown's transportation importance was defined by its location just below the
Georgetown was located at the juncture of the Alexandria Canal and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. The C&O Canal, begun in Georgetown in 1829, reached Cumberland, Maryland in 1851, and operated until 1924. Wisconsin Avenue is on the alignment of the tobacco hogshead rolling road from rural Maryland, and the Federal Customs House was located on 31st Street (now utilized as the post office). The city's oldest bridge, the sandstone bridge which carries Wisconsin Avenue over the C&O Canal, and which dates to 1831, was reopened to traffic on May 16, 2007, after a $3.5 million restoration. It is the only remaining bridge of five constructed in Georgetown by the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Company.[49]
Several streetcar lines and interurban railways interchanged passengers in Georgetown at and near the Georgetown Car Barn, which the Capital Traction Company operated near the end of the Aqueduct Bridge and later, the Key Bridge (see Streetcars in Washington, D.C.). A station serving the Great Falls and Old Dominion Railroad and its successor, the Washington and Old Dominion Railway, was located in front of a stone wall on Canal Road adjacent to the Exorcist steps, immediately west of the Car Barn, from 1912 to 1923.
Five suburban Virginia lines, connecting in
In 1910, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad completed an 11-mile branch line from Silver Spring, Maryland, to Water Street in Georgetown in an abortive attempt to construct a southern connection to Alexandria, Virginia.[50] The line served as an industrial line, shipping coal to a General Services Administration power plant on K Street (now razed) until 1985.[50] The abandoned right-of-way has since been converted into the Capital Crescent Trail, a rails-to-trails route,[50] and the power plant replaced by a condo.[citation needed]
Proposals for a Metro station
There is no Metro station in Georgetown. Some residents opposed building one but no serious plans for a station existed in the first place, primarily due to the engineering issues presented by the extremely steep grade from the Potomac River (under which the subway tunnel would run) to the center of Georgetown, very close to the river. The planners expected the Metro to serve rush-hour commuters, and the neighborhood has few apartments, office buildings, or automobile parking areas.[51]
Since the Metro's opening, there have been occasional discussions about adding another subway line and tunnel under the Potomac to service the area. Three stations are located roughly one mile (1.6 km) from the center of Georgetown:
Historic district and historic landmarks
Georgetown Historic District | |
Location | Roughly bounded by Whitehaven Street, Rock Creek Park, the Potomac River, and the Georgetown University campus |
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Coordinates | 38°54′34″N 77°3′54″W / 38.90944°N 77.06500°W |
Area | 750 acres (300 ha) |
NRHP reference No. | 67000025 |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | May 28, 1967 |
Designated NHLD | May 28, 1967 |
Designated DCIHS | November 8, 1964 |
The entire Georgetown neighborhood is a designated National Historic Landmark District, known as the Georgetown Historic District. It received this designation in 1967 for its large concentration of well-preserved colonial and Federal period architecture.[53]
Georgetown is also home to several other historic landmarks, including:
- Canal Square Building, 1054 31st Street, NW, former home of the
- The City Tavern Club, built in 1796, is the oldest commercial structure in Washington, D.C.
- The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, begun in 1829.
- Dumbarton Oaks, 3101 R Street, NW, former home of John C. Calhoun, U.S. vice president, where the United Nations charter was outlined in 1944.
- Evermay, built in 1801 and restored by F. Lammot Belin[23]
- The Forrest-Marbury House, 3350 M Street, NW, where George Washington met with local landowners to acquire the District of Columbia, which is currently the Embassy of Ukraine.
- Georgetown Lutheran Church, founded in 1769, was the first church in Georgetown. The current church structure, the fourth on the site, was built in 1914.[56]
- Georgetown Presbyterian Church was established in 1780 by Reverend Stephen Bloomer Balch. Formerly located on Bridge Street (M Street), the current church building was constructed in 1881 on P Street.[57]
- Healy Hall on Georgetown's campus, built in Flemish Romanesque style from 1877 to 1879 was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987.
- Mount Zion United Methodist Church and Mount Zion Cemetery[24]
- The Oak Hill Cemetery, a gift of William Wilson Corcoran whose Gothic Revival chapel and gates were designed by James Renwick Jr., was, at one time, the resting place of Abraham Lincoln's son Willie and other figures.[58]
- The Old Stone House, built in 1765, located on M Street is the oldest house in Washington, D.C.[59]
- Tudor Place[60] and Dumbarton Court[61]
- The Volta Laboratory and Bureau, created by Alexander Graham Bell as his first formal research laboratory, the profits from which were used to create a research and educational institution devoted to serving the deaf, which operates today as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, also known as the 'AG Bell'.[62]
Notable residents
Famous former residents include:
- Georgetown was home to Baltimore. Key went to the fleet to request the release of Beanes, was held until the bombardment of Fort McHenry was completed, and gained the inspiration for "The Star-Spangled Banner".
- Alexander Graham Bell's earliest switching office for the Bell System was located on a site just below the C&O Canal, and it remains in use as a phone facility to this day. Bell originally moved to Georgetown due to the numerous legal hearings related to telephone patents, but then later created the Volta Laboratory and stayed on due to the many other scientific and technical organizations established in the region.[62]
- 16th Street corridor. Kennedy went to his presidentialinauguration from his townhouse at 3307 N Street in January 1961.
- Pulitzer Prize-winning author Herman Wouk resided in Georgetown and attended the Georgetown synagogue, Kesher Israel Congregation, between 1964 and 1983 when he was researching and writing his two novels of World War II, The Winds of War and War and Remembrance.[63]
- Hollywood actress Kennedy Center during that time.[65]
- Julia Child's first house is located on Olive Street. Child and her husband Paul purchased the house in 1948, although they left for France soon after. In 1956, they returned to Georgetown, living in the Olive Street house until moving to Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1959.[66]
- Pedro Casanave, the fifth mayor of Georgetown (who directed the construction and buried the Cornerstone in what later became in the White House on October 12, 1792), lived in Georgetown.
- Olivia Wilde grew up in Georgetown and attended Georgetown Day School.
- Former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright
- Former Montana Senator Max Baucus
Current residents include:
- Former Secretary of State John Kerry
- Washington Post Watergate reporter and current assistant managing editor Bob Woodward
- Former director of the FBI Robert Mueller
In popular culture
Film
Several movies have been filmed in Georgetown, including:
- Topaz (1969, private house)
- The Exorcist (1973) was set in the neighborhood and partially filmed there. In the movie's climactic scene, the protagonist is hurled down the 75-step staircase at the end of 36th Street NW, which connects Prospect Street with M Street below. The staircase has come to be known as the "Exorcist steps".[67] A false front was built onto the house at the top of the steps so that the bedroom windows would immediately overlook the steps. The real structure is considerably set-back.[68]
- St. Elmo's Fire (1985) was set in Georgetown, though the campus fraternity row portions were filmed at the University of Maryland campus in College Park.
- Whitehurst Freeway.
- The Man with One Red Shoe (1985, an early Tom Hanks film)
- Chances Are (1989)
- The Exorcist III (1990)
- Timecop (1994)
- True Lies (1994)
- Dave (1993)
- The Jackal (1997, private homes)
- Enemy of the State (1998)
- Dick (1999, C&O Canal)
- Election (1999)
- Spy Games (2001)
- Minority Report (2002)
- The Recruit (2003)
- The Girl Next Door (2004)
- Wedding Crashers (2005)
- Transformers (2007)
- Georgetown (2019)
- Wonder Woman 1984 (2020)
- Although Burn After Reading (2008) featured Georgetown prominently, filming was done in Brooklyn.[citation needed]
- The television series The West Wing occasionally filmed scenes in and around Georgetown.[69]
References
Citations
- ^ Delany, Kevin (1971). A Walk Through Georgetown. Kevin Delany Publications.
- ^ Lesko 1991, p. 1.
- ^ Ecker 1933, pp. 1–6.
- ^ Jackson, Richard Plummer (1878). The Chronicles of Georgetown, D.C., from 1751-1878. R. O. Polkinhorn. pp. 3–4.
- ^ Establishment and Government of the District of Columbia. U.S. Senate reports of 1900, Congressional Edition, Volume 4043, US Gov't GPO. January 1, 1901. p. 175. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ Lesko 1991, pp. 1–2.
- ^ Tindall, William (1901). The Establishment and Government of the District of Columbia. Government Printing Office. p. 15.
- ^ Ecker 1933, p. 8.
- ^ a b c d "An Old City's History: The Simple Annals of Our Venerable Suburb". The Washington Post. July 24, 1878.
- ^ Holmes, Oliver W. "The City Tavern: A Century of Georgetown History, 1797-1898". Records of the Columbia Historical Society. 50: 1–35.
- ^ Holmes, Oliver W. "Suter's Tavern: Birthplace of the Federal City". Records of the Columbia Historical Society. 73–74: 1–34.
- ^ a b Ecker 1933, p. 12.
- ^ Gutheim & Lee 2006, p. 49.
- ^ "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875". memory.LOC.gov. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
- ^ "Chap. 79.-An Act Changing the name of Georgetown, in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes" (PDF). United States Statutes at Large from August 1893 to March 1895. p. 679. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
- ^ Gutheim & Lee 2006, p. 51.
- ^ a b Lesko 1991, p. 2.
- ^ a b "H-DC - H-Net". H-Net.org. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
- ^ "Our Black History … in Georgetown". The Georgetowner. February 20, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2021.
- ^ Gutheim & Lee 2006, p. 58.
- ^ Gutheim & Lee 2006, p. 94.
- ^ a b Smith, A. Robert; Sevareid, Eric. "Washington: Magnificent Capital". Doubleday & Company, New York, 1965: 154, Library of Congress card number 65–24912.
- ^ a b Mitchell 1983, p. 10.
- ^ a b "Washington, DC--Mt. Zion Cemetery". cr.NPS.gov. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
- ISBN 9781626163263.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Mitchell 1983, p. 2.
- ^ Gutheim & Lee 2006, p. 199.
- ^ Lesko 1991, p. 95.
- ^ "Old Georgetown Act". National Commission of Fine Arts. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
- ^ HL Boundary Review Project (February 1980). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Georgetown Historic District". National Park Service. Retrieved September 22, 2016. with 11 historic images and photos
- ^ "The Ritz-Carlton Hotel and Residences, Georgetown". Architectural Record. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
- ^ Mitchell 1983, pp. 14–15.
- ^ Clark, Allen C. "Rev. Stephen Bloomer Balch, a Pioneer Preacher of Georgetown". Records of the Columbia Historical Society: 73–95.
- ^ "Elementary Schools Archived February 12, 2017, at the Wayback Machine" (2016-2017 School Year). District of Columbia Public Schools. Retrieved on May 27, 2018.
- ^ "DCPS School Modernizations Hyde-Addison Elementary School". District of Columbia Public Schools. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
- ^ "Middle School Boundary Map Archived February 11, 2017, at the Wayback Machine" (2016-2017 School Year). District of Columbia Public Schools. Retrieved on May 27, 2018.
- ^ "High School Boundary Map Archived January 31, 2017, at the Wayback Machine" (2016-2017 School Year). District of Columbia Public Schools. Retrieved on May 27, 2018.
- JSTOR 1974310.
- ^ a b "Georgetown At A Glance". [communications.georgetown.edu/ Office of Communications]. Georgetown University. December 12, 2006. Archived from the original on February 18, 2007. Retrieved March 4, 2007.
- ^ "Georgetown Goes Greener". Blue & Gray. July 5, 2007. Archived from the original on July 15, 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
- ^ "Red Square". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
- JSTOR 988766.
- ^ "Hours & Locations". District of Columbia Public Library. Retrieved on October 21, 2009.
- ^ "Georgetown Neighborhood Library History". DC Public Library. July 23, 2009. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
- ^ "Georgetown Library Opened Oct. 18, 2010". DC Public Library. July 10, 2009. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
- ^ "The Peabody Room at the Georgetown Neighborhood Library". DC Public Library. September 13, 2013. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
- ^ Ecker 1933, p. 39.
- ^ Ecker 1933, p. 53.
- Washington Post, Thursday, May 17, 2007, page B-5.
- ^ .
- ISBN 9781421415772.
- ^ "Schedule: Washington D.C. Circulator". Retrieved February 1, 2019.
- ^ "NHL nomination for Georgetown Historic District". National Park Service. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
- ^ "IBM Archives: Tabulating Machine Co. plant". www-03.IBM.com. January 23, 2003. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
- ^ "Sea Catch Restaurant & Raw Bar". SeaCatchRestaurant.com. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
- ^ "Church History". Georgetown Lutheran Church. Archived from the original on May 10, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
- ^ "History". Georgetown Presbyterian Church. Archived from the original on April 9, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2008.
- ^ "Washington, DC--Oak Hill Cemetery". cr.NPS.gov. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
- ^ "National Park Service - We're Sorry". NPS.gov. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
- ^ "Tudor Place - Historic House & Garden". TudorPlace.org. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
- ^ "DumbartonCourt.com". DumbartonCourt.com. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
- ^ a b National Park Service. Washington, D.C. National Register of Historic Places: Volta Laboratory & Bureau, National Park Service, U.S. Department Of The Interior, Washington. Retrieved from NPS.gov website December 2009.
- ^ "30 Years: Rabbi Philip Rabinowitz - a Commemoration and Remembrance" (PDF). Retrieved December 15, 2014.
- ^ "Local Connection: Elizabeth Taylor's Marriage to VA Senator John Warner Made Georgetown her Home". Patch.com. March 23, 2011. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
- ^ "The Free Lance-Star - Google News Archive Search". news.Google.com. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
- ^ Andrews-Dyer, Helena (June 30, 2015). "'The Julia Child House' in Georgetown can be yours for $1.1 Million". Retrieved December 30, 2017 – via www.WashingtonPost.com.
- ^ Slovick, Matt (October 6, 1999). "D.C. Movies: The Exorcist". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
- ^ Truitt, Brian (October 7, 2013). "'Exorcist' creators haunt Georgetown thirty years later". Retrieved June 24, 2014.
- ^ Dickerson, Justin (April 29, 2003). "'West Wing' Graduates at Georgetown". Newspaper. The Hoya. Archived from the original on November 3, 2017. Retrieved August 16, 2015.
Bibliography
- Ecker, Grace Dunlop (1933). A Portrait of Old Georgetown. Garrett & Massie, Inc.
- Gutheim, Frederick Albert; Lee, Antoinette J. (2006). Worthy of the Nation: Washington, DC, from L'Enfant to the National Capital. Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Lesko, Kathleen Menzies; Valerie Babb; Carroll R. Gibbs (1991). Black Georgetown Remembered : A History Of Its Black Community From The Founding Of "The Town of George". Georgetown University Press. OCLC 922572367.
- Mitchell, Mary (1983). Glimpses of Georgetown: Past and Present. The Road Street Press.
Further reading
- Historical Overview of Georgetown, from the Georgetown Partnership.
- Griffith, Gary. "Whitehurst Freeway Coming Down?" at WestEndGuide.us Archived February 23, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- King, Leroy O. 100 Years of Capital Traction - The Story of Streetcars in the Nations Capital, Taylor Publishing Company, Dallas, Texas, Third printing, 1989, ISBN 0-9600938-1-8.
- Georgetown's Hidden History, from the Washington Post, by Andrew Stephen, July 16, 2006
- Georgetown's early history
- Georgetown Historic District, National Park Service.
External links
- Citizens Association of Georgetown, community association
- GeorgetownDC.com, by the Georgetown Business Improvement District
- The Georgetown Current, community newspaper
- The Georgetowner, community magazine
- Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921. .
- The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
.
- Hyde-Addison Elementary School