Germ theory denialism

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Germ theory denialism is the pseudoscientific belief that germs do not cause infectious disease, and that the germ theory of disease is wrong.[1] It usually involves arguing that Louis Pasteur's model of infectious disease was wrong, and that Antoine Béchamp's was right. In fact, its origins are rooted in Béchamp's empirically disproven (in the context of disease) theory of pleomorphism.[2] Another obsolete variation is known as terrain theory and postulates that the state of the internal environment determines if germs cause disease rather than germs being the sole cause of it.[3]

History

Germ theory denialism (GTD) is as old as germ theory itself, beginning with the rivalry of Pasteur and Béchamp. Pasteur's work in preventing beverage contamination led him to discover that it was due to

Friedrich Henle (who developed the concepts of contagium vivum and contagium animatum), and others had proposed ideas similar to germ theory.[4][5]

Béchamp strongly contested Pasteur's view, proposing a competing idea known as the pleomorphic theory of disease. This theory says that all life is based on forms that a certain class of organisms take during stages of their life cycles and that germs are attracted to the environment of diseased tissue rather than being the cause of it.[6] Proponents of this idea insist that microbes that live in an organism go through the same stages of their development. According to Günther Enderlein, the stages are as follows:[7]

  • microbe
    (primitive phase)
  • bacteria (middle phase)
  • fungus (end phase)

Terrain theory

The terrain theory is a variation of Béchamp's ideas that is also an

mortality rates fell dramatically.[8][9][10]

Status

Germ theory denialism is counter to over a century of experiments and practical observations, and the prevailing opinion of almost all doctors and scientists.[1][2][11]

GTD has significant overlap with

better source needed
]

A common thread among many

opposition to vaccines, and some use GTD to justify their claims.[13] Germ theory deniers make many claims about the biological underpinnings of the theory and the historical record[14][15] that are at odds with what most modern scientists and historians accept.[1][2][4][16] Another claim from the anti-vaccine community involves the theory that all diseases are caused by toxins due to inadequate diet and health practices.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Novella, Steven (2010-11-04). "Germ Theory Denial". neurologica blog. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d Gorski, David (2010-08-09). "Germ theory denialism: A major strain in "alt-med" thought". Science-Based Medicine. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  3. ISBN 978-0132017848
    . Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  4. ^ a b c "Germ Theory". Contagion – Historical Views of Disease and Epidemics. Harvard. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  5. ^ Guthrie, D.J.; Rhodes, P. "Verification of the germ theory". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  6. ^ Major, D. "Antoine Bechamp, Pleomorphism and Microzymas". adistantmirror.com. Archived from the original on June 17, 2018.
  7. ISSN 1091-8361. Archived from the original
    on January 31, 1998.
  8. ^ Pizzi, R.A. "Apostles of cleanliness". the timeline. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  9. ^ Pontin, Jason. "The 19th-Century Crank Who Tried to Tell Us About the Microbiome". Wired.
  10. ISBN 0-13-144329-1
    .
  11. ^ Gorski, David (2010-08-09). "Yes, there really are people who don't accept the germ theory of disease". Respectful Insolence. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  12. ^ Barrett, Steven (10 March 2016). "Chiropractors and Immunization". Chirobase. Quackwatch. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  13. ^ Crilip, Mark (2008-11-07). "It's just a theory". Science-Based Medicine. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  14. ISBN 0958661146
    . Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  15. ^ "Vaccinations – Overview". Arizona Advanced Medicine. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  16. ^ Hodkinson, J. "The history of germ theory". Big Picture Education. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
  17. Hall, Harriet A. (2008-12-09). "'I Reject Your Reality' – Germ Theory Denial and Other Curiosities"
    . science-based medicine. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
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