German National Movement in Liechtenstein

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German National Movement in Liechtenstein
Volksdeutsche Bewegung in Liechtenstein
AbbreviationVDBL
LeaderRudolf Schädler (1938)
Theodor Schädler (1938–1940)
Alfons Goop (1940–1943)
Sepp Ritter (1943–1945)
FoundedMarch 1938; 86 years ago (March 1938)
DissolvedMay 1945; 78 years ago (May 1945)
NewspaperDer Umbruch
Membership150–250[1]
IdeologyNazism[2]
Political positionFar-right
SloganLiechtenstein den Liechtensteinern!
("Liechtenstein for Liechtensteiners!")

The German National Movement in Liechtenstein (German: Volksdeutsche Bewegung in Liechtenstein, VDBL) was a Nazi party in Liechtenstein that existed between 1938 and 1945.[1]

Formation and ideology

Nazi groups had existed in Liechtenstein since 1933, primarily because of the rise of Nazi Germany and the introduction of German anti-Jewish laws, after which Liechtenstein experienced a large rise in Jewish immigrants.[3][4] Most notably, German writers and composers Fritz and Alfred Rotter with a Jewish background were naturalized in Liechtenstein in 1931. Following German press and demands for their extradition local Liechtenstein Nazis used the event to kidnap the two men and forcefully return them to Nazi Germany in the Rotter kidnapping. However, this failed and as a result of a highly publicized trial it held back the formation of an organized Nazi party in Liechtenstein until 1938.[5]

The VDBL itself formed after the Anschluss of Austria in March 1938 under the leadership of Rudolf Schädler, advocating for the integration of Liechtenstein into the Greater German Reich. The organization disseminated its ideology through its newspaper, Der Umbruch.[6][7] It was then taken over by Theodor Schädler in the same year.[7]

A slogan associated with the party was Liechtenstein den Liechtensteinern! (Liechtenstein for the Liechtensteiners!). This implied a radical populism that would threaten the allegiance of the people of Liechtenstein to ruling

Prince of Liechtenstein Franz Josef II.[7]

The party offered Patriotic Union leader Otto Schaedler leadership of the party primarily due to his contacts with Nazi Germany, but he refused and distanced himself from the party.[8]

Coup attempt and party demise

In the wake of World War II the governing Progressive Citizens' Party and opposition Patriotic Union formed a coalition, assigning a roughly equal number of seats each, in order to prevent the VDBL from acquiring any seats in the Landtag.[9][full citation needed][10][11]

In March 1939, the VDBL staged an amateurish coup attempt, first trying to provoke a German intervention by burning swastikas, followed by declaring an Anschluss with Germany. The leaders were almost immediately arrested and the hoped-for German invasion failed to materialise.[12][13] The party was effectively defunct from this point until 1940.[12]

The Liechtenstein Loyalty Association was formed following the party's coup attempt in order to oppose National Socialist activities in Liechtenstein, particularly that of the VDBL. The association launched a signature campaign to reaffirm Liechtenstein's independence in addition to a commitment to Franz Joseph II and the country's continued economic and political alignment towards Switzerland.[14] This campaign was signed by 2492 people in Liechtenstein.[15]

The inability of the party to participate in the

Jewish Question," accusing Jewish families in Liechtenstein of spying for the Allies. Until 1943, the party attempted to recruit Liechtensteiners into the Waffen-SS and gain public sympathy for the Nazi cause, which infuriated Switzerland.[7]

The

Bolshevik and anti-clerical programme. Severely disappointed, Goop resigned as party leader and it was taken over by Sepp Ritter.[7]
In the end the VU only consented to some "cultural cooperation." When Germany's war fortunes declined, in July 1943 Der Umbruch was forbidden by the authorities.

After World War II ended in 1945, twelve coup participants were put on trial on charges of high treason due to the 1939 coup attempt, of which seven were convicted in 1946. Alois Batliner, Franz Beck, and Josef Frick were each sentenced to five years in prison, while Egon Marxer was sentenced to 2.5 years in prison, and Alois Kindle, Hermann Marxer, and Josef Gassner each received suspended two-month sentences. During the war, Batliner had served in the Schutzpolizei, while Marxer had served in the Waffen-SS on the Eastern Front.[16]

References

  1. ^ a b "Volksdeutsche Bewegung in Liechtenstein". e-archiv.li (in German). Liechtenstein National Archives. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  2. ^ Gustaf Adolf von Metnitz (1941). Hundert Millionen Deutsche schaffen Raum. NS.-gauverlag Steiermark. p. 15.
  3. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  4. ^ "Regierungschef Josef Hoop orientiert den Landtag über einen Entwurf für ein Staatsbürgerschaftsgesetz". Staatsarchiv des Fürstentum Liechtenstein (in German). 29 May 1933. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  5. Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
    (in German). Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  6. ^ Gustaf Adolf von Metnitz (1941). Hundert Millionen Deutsche schaffen Raum (in German). NS.-gauverlag Steiermark. p. 15.
  7. ^
    Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
    (in German). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  8. Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
    (in German). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  9. ^ Nohlen & Stöver, p. 1179
  10. ^ "Parties in Liechtenstein 1921–1943". Prince and People: Liechtenstein Civics (in German). 2007. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  11. Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
    (in German). Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  12. ^
    Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
    (in German). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  13. ^ "Liechtenstein Jails Nazi for Attempt at Uprising". The New York Times. 27 April 1939. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  14. Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
    (in German). Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  15. ^ "Ninety-Five Per Cent of Voters in Liechtenstein Reject Union with Nazis". Lawrence Journal-World. 3 April 1939. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  16. ^ "Das Kriminalgericht führt die Schlussverhandlung im Prozess gegen die Putschisten durch". www-e--archiv-li.translate.goog. Retrieved 28 November 2023.