German submarine U-161 (1941)

Coordinates: 12°30′S 35°35′W / 12.500°S 35.583°W / -12.500; -35.583
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other ships with the same name, see German submarine U-161.

U-505, a typical Type IXC boat
History
Nazi Germany
NameU-161
Ordered25 September 1939
BuilderDeutsche Schiff und maschinenbau AG, Bremen
Yard number700
Laid down23 March 1940
Launched1 March 1941
Commissioned8 July 1941
FateSunk on 27 September 1943[1]
General characteristics
Class and type
Type IXC submarine
Displacement
  • 1,120 t (1,100 long tons) surfaced
  • 1,232 t (1,213 long tons) submerged
Length
  • 76.76 m (251 ft 10 in)
    o/a
  • 58.75 m (192 ft 9 in) pressure hull
Beam
  • 6.76 m (22 ft 2 in) o/a
  • 4.40 m (14 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught4.70 m (15 ft 5 in)
Installed power
  • 4,400 PS (3,200 kW; 4,300 bhp) (diesels)
  • 1,000 PS (740 kW; 990 shp) (electric)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 18.3 knots (33.9 km/h; 21.1 mph) surfaced
  • 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph) submerged
Range
  • 13,450 nmi (24,910 km; 15,480 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
  • 64 nmi (119 km; 74 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth230 m (750 ft)
Complement4 officers, 44 enlisted
Armament
Service record
Part of:
Identification codes: M 46 894
Commanders:
  • Hans-Ludwig Witt
  • 8 July – 31 December 1941
  • Kptlt.
    Albrecht Achilles
  • 1 January 1942 – 27 September 1943
Operations:
  • 6 patrols:
  • 1st patrol:
  • 3 – 15 January 1942
  • 2nd patrol:
  • 24 January – 2 April 1942
  • 3rd patrol:
  • 28 April – 7 August 1942
  • 4th patrol:
  • 19 September 1942 – 9 January 1943
  • 5th patrol:
  • 13 March – 7 June 1943
  • 6th patrol:
  • 8 August – 27 September 1943
Victories:
  • 12 merchant ships sunk
    (60,107 GRT)
  • 1 warship sunk
    (1,130 tons)
  • 1 merchant ship total loss
    (3,305 GRT)
  • 5 merchant ships damaged
    (35,672 GRT)
  • 1 warship damaged
    (5,450 tons)

German submarine U-161 was a

Hans-Ludwig Witt (Knight's Cross
).

The U-boat's service began with training as part of the 4th U-boat Flotilla. She then moved to the 10th flotilla on 1 January 1942 for operations. She sank 12 ships, totalling 60,107 gross register tons (GRT); one warship of 1,130 tons and damaged five others, for 35,672 GRT. She also damaged one warship (5,450 tons) and caused one merchant vessel to be declared a total loss (3,305 GRT).

She was sunk by an American aircraft on 27 September 1943.

Design

supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of 4,400 metric horsepower (3,240 kW; 4,340 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 metric horsepower (740 kW; 990 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.92 m (6 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[2]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.3 knots (33.9 km/h; 21.1 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph).

2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.[2]

Service history

First and second patrols

The submarine's first patrol took her from

Shetland Islands. She arrived at Lorient
, in occupied France, on 3 May. She would be based at this Atlantic port for the rest of her career.

U-161's second sortie proved to be successful, damaging British Consul and Mokihana on 19 February 1942 while the ships rode at anchor in the Gulf of Paria off Port of Spain, Trinidad.[3] She went on to sink ships such as Circe Shell, Lihue the petrol tanker Uniwaleco off St Vincent.

Then, daringly, she made her way at night through the narrow passage into

U.S. Army mine planter General John P. Story transferred to the United States Lighthouse Service at no cost in 1922,[5]
) was sunk by gunfire from U-161 approximately 150 miles south of Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The entire crew of Acacia abandoned ship before she sank and all were rescued unscathed. She was the only U.S. tender sunk by enemy action during the war in the Caribbean.

Third patrol

The boat's third patrol took her past the

Cape Verde Islands, to the Brazilian coast north of Fortaleza. She then followed that coastline north until she reached the Caribbean. On 16 June 1942 she stopped the sailing ship Neuva Altagracia with gunfire and sank the vessel with scuttling charges. She also attacked San Pablo while the ship was being unloaded in Puerto Limón, Costa Rica
on 3 July. Although the ship sank, she was raised with the intention of repair; but she was declared a total loss and sunk as a target on 25 September.

She crossed the Atlantic in an easterly direction, but turned about and returned to the Caribbean. Having commenced the return leg to France, she encountered Fairport 500 nmi (930 km; 580 mi) north of St. Thomas, Virgin Islands on 16 July and sank her. The boat returned to Lorient on 7 August.

Fourth patrol

Her fourth foray was to west Africa. This patrol was her longest-113 days. She damaged the light cruiser

Takoradi
in Ghana on 8 November.

Fifth patrol

The boat's fifth patrol involved another Atlantic crossing and sinking a second sailing ship, Angelus, north of Bermuda, again with gunfire. Ten survivors abandoned the vessel; only two were still alive when their lifeboat was discovered.

Sixth patrol and loss

Aerial attack on U-161 by a PBM-Mariner of VP-74 on 27 September 1943.

The U-boat departed Lorient for the last time on 8 August 1943. She rendezvoused with the

PBM Mariner aircraft of VP-74
in the South Atlantic.

Summary of raiding history

Date Name Nationality Tonnage[Note 1] Fate[6]
19 February 1942 British Consul  United Kingdom 6,940 Damaged
19 February 1942 Mokihana  United States 7,460 Damaged
21 February 1942 Circe Shell  United Kingdom 8,207 Sunk
23 February 1942 Lihue  United States 7,001 Sunk
7 March 1942 Uniwaleco  South Africa 9,755 Sunk
10 March 1942 RMS Lady Nelson  Canada 7,970 Damaged
10 March 1942 Umtata  United Kingdom 8,141 Damaged
14 March 1942 Sarniadoc  Canada 1,940 Sunk
15 March 1942 USCGC Acacia  United States Coast Guard 1,130 Sunk
16 June 1942 Nueva Altagracia  Dominican Republic 30 Sunk
3 July 1942 San Pablo  Panama 3,305 Total loss
16 July 1942 Fairport  United States 6,165 Sunk
23 October 1942 HMS Phoebe  Royal Navy 5,450 Damaged
8 November 1942 Benalder  United Kingdom 5,161 Damaged
8 November 1942 West Humhaw  United States 5,527 Sunk
29 November 1942 Tjileboet  Netherlands 5,760 Sunk
12 December 1942 Ripley  United Kingdom 4,997 Sunk
19 May 1943 Angelus  Canada 255 Sunk
20 September 1943 St. Usk  United Kingdom 5,472 Sunk
26 September 1943 Itapagé  Brazil 4,998 Sunk

References

Notes

  1. gross register tons. Military vessels are listed by tons displacement
    .

Citations

  1. ^ Kemp 1999, p. 147.
  2. ^ a b c d Gröner 1991, p. 68.
  3. ^ Kelshall, Gaylord: The U Boat War in the Caribbean. pub by The Naval Institute Press
  4. ISBN 9789769534001
    .
  5. ^ Grover 1987, p. 122.
  6. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-161". German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net. Retrieved 3 October 2014.

Bibliography

External links

12°30′S 35°35′W / 12.500°S 35.583°W / -12.500; -35.583

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