German underground horror

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German underground horror is a subgenre of the

extreme violence
.

History of German underground horror

In an attempt to shed its violent image, horror films were very rarely made in Germany after the fall of the

Third Reich. Movies such as Horrors of Spider Island, The Blood Demon, and The Head were filmed and released in the decades following World War II
, but to very little success.

In 1987, filmmaker

German government, but their popularity influenced other filmmakers such as Olaf Ittenbach
to bring Germany's underground horror film scene further into the media spotlight.

Since then, many other filmmakers have emerged from the German underground horror scene, including Uwe Boll and Timo Rose. Uwe Boll is notable as the only underground German director who has gone on to a career in big budget cinema.

Legality in Germany

Films that glorify violence are not technically illegal in Germany, but titles (meaning a specific medium) can be "confiscated" (beschlagnahmt [de]) by courts. However, the term is very misleading, because private possession is completely legal (excluding only child and youth pornography, although no film of the horror genre with this content is currently known).

But handing out or advertising such a medium to minors is a criminal offense.[1] Distribution and making available to the public is also punishable, although "distribution" is not to be understood in the conventional sense. Legal commentaries on this law explain that distribution (sale, gifting, etc.) for personal use within a small, controllable group of people does not fall under the term "distribution", provided no further distribution of the medium is intended.[2] Film exchange fairs with separate adult areas for booths selling restricted movies are therefore possible and are regularly organized in Germany.

Production, purchase, delivery, keeping in stock, offering, advertising, importing or exporting are only permitted as long as they do not serve the above-mentioned prohibited purposes.[1]

Popular examples of "confiscated" movies are Braindead, Halloween II, The Beyond, City of the Living Dead, Cannibal Holocaust, I Spit on Your Grave 2, Wrong Turn 5: Bloodlines, Day of the Dead and Hobo with a Shotgun.

Ratings' effect on German underground horror

Once a film has been rated by the

NC-17
rating) on video. Films rated "FSK 18" are not stocked by all video shops, which affects rentals of violent German horror.

In Germany, there is also a category above "FSK 18" entitled "indiziert" or "on the index". "Indizierte" films are treated the same way as pornography. Distribution companies, cinemas, and video shops cannot advertise these films, nor can they be openly on display—unless a shop is open to "adults only". However, it is legal to sell and buy such material. Many video rental stores have back rooms or basements for such merchandise.

Examples of "indizierte" films include

Profondo Rosso
(Deep Red). Several of these films were released uncut in Germany, but were subject to the limitations listed. Others were edited and then released as "indiziert".

See also

  • German Expressionism
  • New French Extremity

References

  1. ^ a b § 131 Strafgesetzbuch (StGB) [German Criminal Code] (in German)
  2. ^ NK-StGB/Ostendorf/Kuhli StGB § 131 Rn. 7-7b
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