Germany–Kazakhstan relations
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Germany |
Kazakhstan |
---|---|
Diplomatic mission | |
Embassy of Germany, Astana | Embassy of Kazakhstan, Berlin |
Cultural Relations
Germany and Kazakhstan have a robust framework in place for promoting and maintaining cultural exchange and people to people ties.[4]
Economic relations
Over 1450 companies with German capital, including joint ventures, representations of German companies and banks, are registered in Kazakhstan.[5] Over 900 German enterprises actively operate in Kazakhstan, including Heidelberg Cement, Daimler, Volkswagen, MAN, Siemens, Knauf, RWE, Bayer, BASF, Bosch, METRO, etc.[5]
Germany was one of the first countries to extend export credits under a bilateral arrangement to Kazakhstan in 1992 to support German manufacturers and modernize Kazakhstan's market economy.[6] Bilateral trade between the two countries amounted to EUR 4 billion in 2016.[1] The trade turnover between Kazakhstan and Germany, which experienced a decline in 2014-2016 due to the economic crisis, almost reached its pre-crisis level in 2017. The total trade between Kazakhstan and Germany in 2017 amounted to 4 billion 856 million euros, which is 81.3% of Germany's trade turnover with the Central Asian countries.[5]
A large part of foreign investments in Kazakhstan originates from Germany. Foreign direct investments (FDI) to Kazakhstan from Germany exceeded $183 million in 2018. The FDI were directed mainly into trade, industry and renewable energy.[7]
Climate Diplomacy
The Green Central Asia Initiative is an initiative of Germany to align and advance policies on climate and security in Kazakhstan and other regional nations.[8]
State Visits
German Chancellor
German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier noted in a July 2017 visit to Astana that German-Kazakh relations had grown closer and broader over the past 25 years.[10] The German President conducted his visit to participate in the National Day of Germany at the EXPO-2017. During his visit, the German President met with his Kazakh counterpart Nursultan Nazarbayev to discuss the countries' cooperation in economy, technology and education.[5]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Kazakhstan". German Foreign Ministry.
- ^ Erlanger, Steven (9 May 1993). "Germany Pays to Keep Ethnic Germans in Russia". The New York Times.
- S2CID 154278084.
- ^ "Germany and Kazakhstan: Bilateral Relations". Federal Foreign Office auswaertiges.
- ^ a b c d "Казахстан и Германия нацелены на укрепление стратегического партнерства". mfa.gov.kz/.
- ^ "EUROPEAN UNION AND KAZAKHSTAN: TRENDS IN TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION". CA&CC Press. 2003. Archived from the original on 2020-06-05. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "Foreign direct investments to Kazakhstan from Germany exceeded $183mn in 2018". inform.kz. 15 April 2019.
- ^ "Joint Declaration of Intent of the high-level Green Central Asia conference". green-central-asia.net.
- ^ a b "Deepening partnership with Kazakhstan". bundeskanzlerin.de. 18 July 2010.
- ^ "Germany, Kazakhstan strengthen ties at Expo Astana 2017". EFE.