Gerry Fitt
Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal | |
---|---|
In office 14 October 1983 – 26 August 2005 Life Peerage | |
Personal details | |
Born | Independent (1979–2005) | 9 April 1926
Other political affiliations | Dock Labour Party (1950s) Irish Labour (to 1964) Republican Labour (1964–1970) SDLP (1970–1979) |
Spouse | Ann Fitt |
Children | 6 |
Military service | |
Allegiance | United Kingdom |
Branch/service | Merchant Navy |
Years of service | 1941–1953 |
Battles/wars | World War II |
Gerard Fitt, Baron Fitt (9 April 1926 – 26 August 2005) was a politician from Northern Ireland. He was a founder and the first leader of the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), a social democratic and Irish nationalist party.
Early years
Fitt was born in
Living in the
1960s
In 1962, he won a Stormont seat from the Ulster Unionist Party, becoming the only Irish Labour member. Two years later, he left Irish Labour and joined with Harry Diamond, the sole Socialist Republican Party Stormont MP, to form the Republican Labour Party.
At the 1966 general election, Fitt won the Belfast West seat in the Westminster parliament. The Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) was launched in 1967 with Fitt as a prominent spokesperson for the movement.[6]
He used Westminster as a platform to interest British members of parliament (MPs) in the problems and issues of
Many sympathetic MPs were present at the civil rights march in Derry on 5 October 1968 when Fitt and others were beaten by the Royal Ulster Constabulary. RTÉ's film, in which Fitt featured prominently, of the police baton charge on the peaceful, but illegal, demonstration drew world attention to the claims of the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association.[8]
The following year, Fitt announced at a press conference subsequent to the August 1969 rioting in Belfast that disturbance were created by a decision to "take some action to try to draw off the forces engaged in the Bogside area."[citation needed]
Fitt also supported the 1969 candidacy of
Fitt was elected as a socialist
1970s
In August 1970, Fitt became the first leader of a coalition of civil rights and nationalist leaders who created the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP). The party was founded on high hopes – rejecting abstentionism and containing a number of prominent Protestants and without the stigma of conservatism and impotency that surrounded the old nationalist party.[11] But already by then Northern Ireland was charging headlong towards near-civil war and the majority of unionists remained hostile.[12]
After the collapse of Stormont in 1972 and the establishment of the
Within the nationalist community, the Provisionals condemned the powersharing agreement as falling short of British withdrawal and a united Ireland.[14][15] A majority of Unionists opposed the Sunningdale agreement and the Executive collapsed when confronted by the Ulster Workers Council strike.[16]
The SDLP had developed a political strategy of calling for powersharing within Northern Ireland alongside the adoption of an all-Ireland dimension. Fitt had always seen powersharing as the priority and he felt the calls for an all-Ireland dimension were alienating Unionists while promising little.[17] In the aftermath of the collapse of the Executive, the British Government became less hopeful of achieving powersharing and, as a result, the all-Ireland dimension became the bigger policy priority for the SDLP.[18]
Fitt became increasingly unhappy with what he saw as the SDLP's shift towards green nationalism and its emphasis on the all-Ireland dimension. He also became more outspoken in his condemnation of the Provisional Irish Republican Army.[19] He became a target for republican sympathisers in 1976 when they attacked his home.[20]
Fitt became disillusioned with the handling of Northern Ireland by the British government. Labour’s Northern Ireland Secretary of State
As the 1970s were coming to a close, Fitt believed that the SDLP had changed and had become simply a "Catholic nationalist party".[23] He increasingly felt isolated within the party with Fortnight, a Belfast current affairs magazine, describing him at the time as the "only Labour man" left. [22]
In 1979, Gerry Fitt left the party altogether after he had agreed to constitutional talks with British Secretary of State Humphrey Atkins without any provision for an 'Irish dimension' and had then seen his decision overturned by the SDLP party conference. Like Paddy Devlin before him, he claimed the SDLP had ceased to be a socialist force.[24]
1980s
Gerry Fitt enters the 1980s no longer a member of the SDLP but is still the MP for West Belfast. Politics in nationalist communities were about to change as the prison protests over political status became the Hunger Strikes and Provisional Sinn Fein make a strategic turn towards electoral politics.
In 1981, Fitt opposed the
Fitt's seat in Westminster was targeted by Sinn Féin as well as by the SDLP. In June 1983, he lost his seat in Belfast West to Gerry Adams, in part due to competition from an SDLP candidate. Fitt, standing as an Independent Socialist with no party machine behind him and with widespread nationalist criticism over his stance on the H Block hunger strikes, still received over 10,326 votes but he lost the seat to Gerry Adams who polled 16,379 votes with the SDLP’s Joe Hendron coming second with 10,934 votes.
The following month, on 14 October 1983, he was created a UK life peer as Baron Fitt, of Bell's Hill in the County of Down.[27] (The Fitt family were evacuated to Bell's Hill during the Belfast Blitz.)[28] His Belfast home was firebombed a month after he was made a peer and he moved to live in London.
Later career
In his later life he was an active member of the House of Lords, where he was strongly critical of some aspects of the political developments of Northern Ireland. Until the appointment of Margaret Ritchie in 2019 he was unique in that he was the only nationalist or republican from Northern Ireland to have been elevated to the House of Lords.[citation needed]
Political beliefs
Although Fitt was initially considered a nationalist politician, his career often defied the traditional terms used for the discussion of Northern Irish politics.[29] He sometimes said that he considered himself first and foremost a socialist politician rather than a nationalist.[29] For example, on 11 October 1974 he stated, "In Northern Ireland it is very difficult to be a socialist without being labelled a Unionist socialist or an anti-partitionist socialist, but I am a socialist....".[30]
Death
Lord Fitt died on 26 August 2005, at the age of 79, after a long history of heart disease, a widower survived by five of his daughters, one having predeceased him.[31] When his daughters had campaigned for him in elections, they were nicknamed 'the Miss Fitts'.[32][33]
See also
- List of Northern Ireland Members of the House of Lords
Sources
- Devlin, Paddy (1993). Straight Left: An Autobiography. Belfast: The Blackstaff Press. ISBN 9780856405143.
- McKittrick, David; McVea, David (2012). Making Sense Of The Troubles: A History Of The Northern Ireland Conflict (Revised ed.). London: Viking. ISBN 9780241962657.
- Murphy, Michael (2007). Gerry Fitt - A Political Chameleon. Cork: Mercier Press. ISBN 9781856355315.
- Ryder, Chris (2006). Fighting Fitt. Belfast: Brehon Press. ISBN 1905474113.
References
- ISBN 1-905474-11-3.
- ^ "Lord Fitt". The Times. London. 27 August 2005.
- ^ "Lord Fitt". The Daily Telegraph. London. 27 August 2005. Archived from the original on 3 May 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- ^ "War grave details". Archived from the original on 18 July 2011.
- ^ "Guardsman George Fitt". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ^ McKittrick & McVea 2012, p. 42-51.
- ^ "A Chronology of the Conflict – 1968". Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN). Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2009.
- ^ McKittrick & McVea 2012, p. 47-49.
- ^ Murphy 2007, p. 128-131.
- ^ "Gerry Fitt's Maiden Speech At Westminster On 25 April 1966 – Northern Ireland Civil Rights". Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ Devlin 1993, p. 134-143.
- ^ Murphy 2007, p. 164-179.
- ^ McKittrick & McVea 2012, p. 114-118.
- OCLC 701497546.
- ^ McKittrick & McVea 2012, p. 114.
- ^ McKittrick & McVea 2012, p. 118-124.
- ^ Murphy 2007, p. 209-290.
- ^ Murphy 2007, p. 222-289.
- ^ Murphy 2007, p. 242-283.
- ^ Murphy 2007, p. 244.
- ^ McKittrick & McVea 2012, p. 138-148.
- ^ a b Murphy 2007, p. 268.
- ^ Murphy 2007, p. 279.
- ISBN 978-0-582-42400-5. Archivedfrom the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
- ^ "Irish News, 03/12/2018". 3 December 2018. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
- ^ Murphy 2007, p. 292.
- ^ "No. 49513". The London Gazette. 19 October 1983. p. 13709.
- ^ Farr, Berkley (2016). "Sixty Years Ago". Lecale Review (14).
- ^ ISBN 1-905474-11-3.
- ^ "As funny in the Commons bar as Eric Morecambe, but willing to take a beating for his social beliefs". independent.ie. 27 August 2005. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ "Lord Fitt dies". the Guardian. 26 August 2005. Archived from the original on 19 September 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ "First leader of SDLP Gerry Fitt dies after long illness". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 23 December 2020.