Ghost note

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Ghost note (disambiguation).
Illustration of dead note in standard notation and guitar tablature
Illustration of dead note in musical notation and guitar tablature

In

note head instead of an oval, or parentheses around the note head.[2] It should not be confused with the X-shaped notation (double sharp) that raises a note to a double sharp
.

On

electric bass players and double bass
players in a range of popular music and traditional music styles. In vocal music, this style of notation represents words that are spoken in rhythm rather than sung.

Instrumental music

Ghost notes are not simply the unaccented notes in a pattern. The unaccented notes in such a pattern as a clave are considered to represent the mean level of emphasis—they are neither absolutely emphasized nor unemphasized. If one further deemphasizes one of these unaccented notes to the same or a similar extent to which the accented notes in the pattern are emphasized, then one has 'ghosted' that note. In a case in which a ghost note is deemphasized to the point of silence, that note then represents a rhythmic placeholder in much the same way as does a rest. This can be a very fine distinction, and the ability of an instrumentalist to differentiate between what is a ghost note and what is a rest is governed largely by the acoustic nature of the instrument.

percussionist would have more difficulty in creating this distinction because of the percussive nature of the instruments, which hampers the resolution of the volume gradient
as one approaches silence. However, in such a case as that the ghost notes were clearly audible, while being far less prominent than the unaccented notes which represent the mean degree of emphasis within the example, then a percussionist could be said to create what we might define as ghost notes.

A frequent misconception is that grace notes and ghost notes are synonymous. A grace note is by definition decidedly shorter in length than the principal note which it 'graces', but in many examples the grace note receives a greater degree of accentuation (emphasis) than the principal itself, even though it is a much shorter note than the principal. In other words, while a grace note could be ghosted, the ghosting of notes is a function of volume[citation needed] rather than of duration.

Percussion

Drumming: Ghost notes indicated by parentheses, main notes distinguished by accents[4] playⓘ

In drumming, a ghost note is played at very low volume,

back beat or certain accents."[6]

The term ghost note, then, can have various meanings. The term

anti-accent is more specific. Moreover, there exists a set of anti-accent marks to show gradation more specifically. Percussion music in particular makes use of anti-accent marks, as follows: [citation needed
]

  1. slightly softer than surrounding notes: ◡ (breve)
  2. significantly softer than surrounding notes: ( ) (note head in parentheses)
  3. much softer than surrounding notes: [ ] (note head in square brackets)

Examples can be heard in the drumming of

Amen, Brother" by The Winstons, Clyde Stubblefield's beat in "Cold Sweat" by James Brown[9] and Jeff Porcaro playing the beat for the Toto hit "Rosanna
".

Stringed instruments

Bass: Ghost notes indicated by 'x' shaped note heads.[3] Playⓘ

A guitarist wishing to ghost a note can decrease the pressure the fretting hand is exerting upon the strings without removing the hand from the fretboard (which would result in the sounding of the open pitches of those strings). This is sometimes called a 'scratch', and is considered a ghost note unless all the unaccented notes in the pattern were 'scratched' (in which case the scratches are unaccented notes).

On the

swing jazz
.

Bassists James Jamerson (of Motown), Carol Kaye (of Motown), Rocco Prestia (for Tower of Power), and Chuck Rainey (for Steely Dan, Aretha Franklin, and others) all include "tons of ghost notes done right" in their playing.[3]

Vocal music

In vocal music, especially in

musical theater
, a ghost note represents that the lyrics must be spoken rather than sung, retaining the marked rhythm but having indeterminate pitch. Notes with value less than a half note use an "X" instead of an oval as a note head. Occasionally a half note or whole note is represented with an open diamond note head, often representing a scream or grunt.

As an extreme example, the opening number of The Music Man, "Rock Island", is written almost exclusively in ghost notes.

This notation may also indicate Sprechstimme or rapping.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Jazz Glossary: ghost note". ccnmtl.columbia.edu. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
  2. ^ " False note", OnMusic Dictionary.
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-1-4234-3138-1
    .
  4. ^
    ISBN 1-4234-0818-7
    .
  5. ISBN 9781576235225
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 9781884365324
    .
  7. ^ Gianni, Jason (2003) The Drummer's Bible: How to Play Every Drum Style from Afro-Cuban to Zydeco, p. 35. See Sharp Press. "Purdie Shuffle" At Google Books. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  8. ISBN 978-0-471-79411-0
    .
  9. ^ "Living Legend Tries to Make a Living". New York Times. March 29, 2011. Archived from the original on April 6, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2015.
  10. ISBN 9789825320043
    .
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