Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester
Gilbert de Clare | |
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Earl of Hertford Earl of Gloucester Lord of Glamorgan | |
Maud de Lacy |
Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford,
Lineage
Gilbert de Clare was born at
Massacre of the Jews at Canterbury
During the Second Barons' War in April 1264, Gilbert de Clare led the massacre of the Jews at Canterbury,[4] as Simon de Montfort's supporters had done elsewhere.[5] Gilbert de Clare's castles of Kingston and Tonbridge were taken by the King, Henry III. However, the King allowed Clare's Countess Alice de Lusignan, who was in the latter, to go free because she was his niece; but on 12 May Clare and Montfort were denounced as traitors.
The Battle of Lewes
Two days later, just before the Battle of Lewes, on 14 May, Simon de Montfort knighted the Earl and his brother Thomas. The Earl commanded the central division of the Baronial army, which formed up on the Downs west of Lewes. When Prince Edward had left the field in pursuit of Montfort's routed left wing, the King and Earl of Cornwall were thrown back to the town. Henry took refuge in the Priory of St Pancras, and Gilbert accepted the surrender of the Earl of Cornwall, who had hidden in a windmill. Montfort and the Earl were now supreme and Montfort in effect de facto King of England.
Excommunication
On 20 October 1264, Gilbert and his associates were excommunicated by Pope Clement IV, and his lands were placed under an interdict.[6] In the following month, by which time they had obtained possession of Gloucester and Bristol, the Earl was proclaimed to be a rebel. However at this point he changed sides as he fell out with Montfort and the Earl, to prevent Montfort's escape, destroyed ships at the port of Bristol and the bridge over the River Severn at Gloucester.[7] Having changed sides, Clare shared the Prince's victory at Kenilworth on 16 July, and in the Battle of Evesham, 4 August, in which Montfort was slain, he commanded the second division and contributed largely to the victory.[8] On 24 June 1268, having been reconciled to Prince Edward, he and the prince took the Cross together at Northampton.[8]
Activities as a Marcher Lord
In October 1265, as a reward for supporting Prince Edward, Gilbert was given the castle and title of
At the end of 1268 he refused to obey the King's summons to attend parliament, alleging that, owing to the constant inroads of
The Welsh war in 1282
During Edward's invasion of Wales in 1282, Clare insisted on leading an attack into southern Wales. King Edward made Clare the commander of the southern army invading Wales. However, Clare's army faced disaster after being heavily defeated at the Battle of Llandeilo Fawr. Following this defeat, Clare was relieved of his position as the southern commander and was replaced by William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke (whose son had died during the battle).
Private Marcher War
In the next year, 1291, he quarrelled with the
Marriage and succession
Gilbert married (1st)
- Isabel de Clare (10 March 1262 – 1333), after a marriage with Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick having been contemplated, or possibly having taken place and then annulled, married Maurice de Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley
- Joan de Clare (1264 – after 1302), married (1st) Duncan Macduff, 7th Earl of Fife; (2nd) Gervase Avenel.
After his marriage to Alice de Lusignan was annulled in 1285, Gilbert married (2nd)
On 3 July 1290, the Earl gave a great banquet at
Gilbert and Joan had one son, Gilbert, and three daughters: Eleanor, Margaret and Elizabeth.
- Gilbert, Earl of Hertford and Gloucester (1291–1314) succeeded to his father's titles and was killed at the Battle of Bannockburn.
- Eleanor de Clare (1292–1337) married (1st) Hugh Despenser the Younger, a favourite of her uncle Edward II. Hugh was executed in 1326, and Eleanor married (2nd) William la Zouche Mortimer.
- Piers Gaveston, a favourite of her uncle Edward II. Piers was executed in 1312, and Margaret later married (2nd) Hugh de Audley, 1st Earl of Gloucester.
- John de Burgh, (2nd) Theobald of Verdun in 1316, and (3rd) Roger d'Amoryin 1317. Each marriage was brief, each produced one child (a son by the 1st, daughters by the 2nd and 3rd), and each left Elizabeth a widow. When her third and last husband died in 1321/22, Elizabeth was at most 27 years old.
Death and burial
He died at Monmouth Castle on 7 December 1295, and was buried at Tewkesbury Abbey, on the left side of his grandfather Gilbert de Clare. His extensive lands were enjoyed by his surviving wife Joan of Acre until her death in 1307.
Ancestry
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References
- ^ Clare, Gilbert de [called Gilbert the Red], seventh earl of Gloucester and sixth earl of Hertford". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5438. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Page, W. (1927) Parishes: Chilton. A History of the County of Buckingham: Volume 4. Ed. London, England: Victoria County History.
- ^ Harrison, B.H. (2009). The Family Forest Descendants of Milesius of Spain for 84 Generations. The Family Forest National Treasure Edition. Kamuela, HI: Millicent Publishing Company, Inc.
- ^ Richard Huscroft, Expulsion: England's Jewish Solution (2006), p. 105.
- OL 24816680M, p89-91
- ^ "Sede Vacante 1264–1265". California State University Northridge. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ Coxe, William (1904). A Historical Tour Through Monmouthshire. Brecon: Davies. p. 70. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ a b Archer, Thomas Andrew (1887). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 10. pp. 378–382.
- ^ "Llywelyn ap Gruffydd – An unsettled reign". BBC Wales. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
- ^ Clive H. Knowles, Clare, Gilbert de [called Gilbert the Red], seventh earl of Gloucester and sixth earl of Hertford (1243–1295), magnate, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
- ^ Nott, James (1885). Some of the Antiquities of Moche Malvern (Great Malvern). Malvern: John Thompson. p. 14. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
- ^ Susan J. Davies, Giffard, Godfrey (1235?–1302), administrator and bishop of Worcester, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
External links
- Inquisition Post Mortem No. 371, dated 1295
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5439. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)