Gilberto Freyre
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Gilberto Freyre KBE | |
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Born | Gilberto de Mello Freyre March 15, 1900 |
Died | July 18, 1987 | (aged 87)
Alma mater | Baylor University Columbia University |
Known for | Casa-Grande & Senzala, concept of racial democracy |
Awards | Prêmio Machado de Assis, Prêmio Jabuti |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Sociology, Historian, Anthropology, Writer |
Signature | |
This article is part of a series on |
Conservatism in Brazil |
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Gilberto de Mello Freyre
Life and Work
Freyre had an internationalist academic career, having studied at
In 1962, Freyre was awarded the
Freyre's most widely known work is The Masters and the Slaves (1933). At the time, this was a revolutionary work for the study of races and cultures in Brazil. As Lucia Lippi Oliveira notes, "In the 1930s and 1940s, Freyre was praised as being the creator of a new, positive self-image of Brazil, one that overcame the racism present in authors like Sílvio Romero, Euclides da Cunha, and Oliveira Viana."[9] The book misrepresents slavery in Brazil as a mild form of servitude and has served to consolidate the Brazilian myth of racial democracy. Freyre’s romanticization of racial mixture and disavowal of his society’s racism is comparable to the approach of other Latin American eugenicists, such as Fernando Ortiz in Cuba (Contrapunteo Cubano de Tobacco y Azúcar, 1940), and José Vasconcelos in Mexico (La Raza Cosmica, 1926).[10][11] Since its publication and initial reception, this work has also been criticized for how its "focus on a single identity in modern Brazil resulted not only in factual inaccuracies and distortions of reality but also in a larger societal refusal to acknowledge racism in modern Brazil,"[12] for example.
The Masters and the Slaves is the first of a series of three books, which also included The Mansions and the Shanties: The Making of Modern Brazil (1938) and Order and Progress: Brazil from Monarchy to Republic (1957). The trilogy is generally considered a classic of modern cultural anthropology and social history. Other very important contributions of Freyre's were The Northeast (1937) and The English in Brazil (1948).
The actions of Freyre as a public intellectual are rather controversial. Labeled as a communist in the 1930s, he later moved to the political Right. He supported Portugal's
Freyre was acclaimed for his literary style.[citation needed] Of his poem "Bahia of all saints and of almost all sins," Brazilian poet Manuel Bandeira wrote: "Your poem, Gilberto, will be an eternal source of jealousy to me"(cf. Manuel Bandeira, Poesia e Prosa. Rio de Janeiro: Aguilar, 1958, v. II: Prose, p. 1398).[14] Freyre wrote this long poem inspired by his first visit to Salvador.[citation needed]
Freyre died on July 18, 1987, in Recife.
Selected bibliography
- The Masters and the Slaves: a study in the development of Brazilian civilization – First published in Portuguese in 1933, under the title "Casa-Grande & Senzala".
- New World in the Tropics: the culture of modern Brazil
- The Mansions and the Shanties: the making of modern Brazil – First published in Portuguese in 1936, under the title "Sobrados e Mucambos".
- The Northeast: Aspects of Sugarcane Influence on Life and Landscape (1937)
- Sugar (1939)
- Olinda (1939)
- A French Engineer in Brazil (1940), second edition published in 1960
- Brazilian problems of Anthropology (1943)
- Continent and Island (1943)
- Sociology (1945)
- Brazil: an interpretation
- The English in Brazil, 1948
- Cape Verde Visited by Gilberto Freyre, 1956
- Order and Progress: Brazil from monarchy to republic
- Order and Progress: Brazil from monarchy to republic
- Recife Yes, Recife No (1960)
- Poesia Reunida (1980)[15]
- Men, engineering and social routes (1987)
See also
- Lusotropicalism
- Mixed Race Day
- Research Materials: Max Planck Society Archive
References
- ^ "Vida – Honrarias". Biblioteca Virtual Gilberto Freyre. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
- ^ "Vida – Honrarias". Biblioteca Virtual Gilberto Freyre. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
- ^ "Vida – Honrarias". Biblioteca Virtual Gilberto Freyre. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
- ^ Gaspar, Lúcia. "Gilberto Freyre". Pesquisa Escolar Online, Fundação Joaquim Nabuco. Archived from the original on July 18, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
- ^ Gaspar, Lúcia. "Gilberto Freyre". Pesquisa Escolar Online, Fundação Joaquim Nabuco. Archived from the original on July 18, 2014. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
- ^ "Vida – Honrarias". Biblioteca Virtual Gilberto Freyre. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved November 14, 2022.
- ^ "Vida – Honrarias". Biblioteca Virtual Gilberto Freyre. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
- ISSN 0102-6992.
- ISBN 978-0-8101-4528-3.
- ISBN 978-0-8147-3818-4.
- ^ Wohl, Emma (2013). ""Casa Grande e Senzala" and the Formation of a New Brazilian Identity". library.brown.edu. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- ^ Gerald J. Bender, Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth and the Reality, Univ. of California Press, Berkeley, 1980, pp. xxiii, 5, 8
- ^ antoniomiranda.com.br
- Wikidata Q117550411.
Bibliography
- Braga-Pinto, César. “Sugar Daddy: Gilberto Freyre and the white man’s love for blacks”. The Masters and the Slaves: Plantation Relations and Mestizaje in American Imaginaries. Palgrave, 2005, p. 19-33
- Braga-Pinto, César. “Os Desvios de Gilberto Freyre”. Novos Estudos – CEBRAP 76. São Paulo, Nov. 2006.
- Isfahani-Hammond, Alexandra (2005). White Negritude: Race, Writing, and Brazilian Cultural Identity (New Concepts in Latino American Cultures). Palgrave Macmillan Press. ISBN 1-4039-7595-7.
- Page, Joseph A. (1995), The Brazilians. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-201-44191-8.
- Gilberto Freyre Foundation – Gilberto Freyre's Virtual Library – https://web.archive.org/web/20070306124951/http://bvgf.fgf.org.br/
- Needell, Jeffrey D. "Identity, Race, Gender, and Modernity in the Origins of Gilberto Freyre's Oeuvre." The American Historical Review. 100.1 (February 1995):51–77.
- Stein, Stanley J. "Freyre's Brazil Revisited: A Review of the New World in the Tropics: The Culture of Modern Brazil." The Hispanic American Historical Review. 41.1 (February 1961):111–113
- Morrow, Glenn R. "Discussion of Dr. Gilberto Freyre's Paper." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 4.2 (December 1943):176–177.
- Mazzara, Richard A. "Gilberto Freyre and Jose Honorio Rodrigues: Old and New Horizons for Brazil." Hispania. 47.2 (May 1964):316–325.
- Nery da Fonseca, Edson. Em Torno de Gilberto Freyre. Recife: Editora Massangana, 2007.
- Pallares-Burke, Maria Lúcia. Um Vitoriano dos Trópicos. São Paulo: Editora da Unesp, 2005.
- Sanchez-Eppler, Benigno "Telling Anthropology: Zora Neale Hurston Gilberto Freyre Disciplined in their Field-Home-Work." American Literary History. 4.3 (Autumn 1992):464–488.
- Villon, Victor. O Mundo Português que Gilberto Freyre Criou, seguido de Diálogos com Edson Nery da Fonseca. Rio de Janeiro, Vermelho Marinho, 2010.
- Burke, Peter / Pallares-Burke, Maria Lúcia G. Gilberto Freyre: Social Theory in the Tropics (The Past in the Present, 4). (Oxford: Peter Lang, 2008)
External links
- O Portal da História
- Gilberto Freyre virtual library
- Gilberto Freyre recorded at the Library of Congress for the Hispanic Division’s audio literary archive on March 30, 1975
- Gilberto Freyre recorded for the literary archive in the Hispanic Division at the Library of Congress. May 30, 1975 at the Library of Congress field office in Rio de Janeiro.