Giorgia Meloni
Giorgia Meloni | |
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Minister of Youth | |
In office 8 May 2008 – 16 November 2011 | |
Prime Minister | Silvio Berlusconi |
Preceded by | Giovanna Melandri |
Succeeded by | Andrea Riccardi |
Member of the Chamber of Deputies | |
Assumed office 28 April 2006 | |
Constituency | See list
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Personal details | |
Born | Rome, Lazio, Italy | 15 January 1977
Political party | FdI (since 2012) |
Other political affiliations | |
Domestic partner | Andrea Giambruno (2015–2023) |
Children | 1 |
Signature | |
Website | |
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Giorgia Meloni (Italian:
In 1992, Meloni joined the
Meloni is a Christian and a
Early life
Giorgia Meloni was born in
Meloni was raised in the working-class district of
Education and early political activism
In 1992, at 15 years of age, Meloni joined the
In 1998, after winning the primary election, Meloni was elected as a councillor of the
Meloni graduated from l’Istituto tecnico professionale di Stato Amerigo Vespucci
Political career
Minister of Youth
In the 2006 Italian general election, she was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the National Alliance (AN), where she became its youngest ever vice-president.[26] In the same year, she started to work as a journalist.[27] In 2006, Meloni defended the laws passed by the third Berlusconi government that benefited companies of the prime minister and media mogul Silvio Berlusconi and also delayed ongoing trials involving him. Meloni stated "it is necessary to contextualise them. Those are laws that Silvio Berlusconi made for himself. But they are perfectly fair laws."[28]
In 2008, at 31 years old, she was appointed
In November 2010, on behalf of the ministry, she presented a 300 million euro package called the Right to the Future. It was aimed at investing in young people and contained five initiatives, including incentives for new entrepreneurs, bonuses in favour of temporary workers and loans for deserving students.[33] In November 2012, she announced her bid to contest the PdL leadership against Angelino Alfano, in opposition to the party's support of the Monti government. After the cancellation of the primaries, she teamed up with fellow politicians Ignazio La Russa and Guido Crosetto to set out an anti-Monti policy, asking for renewal within the party and being also critical of the leadership of Berlusconi.[34][35]
Leader of Brothers of Italy
In December 2012, Meloni, La Russa, and Crosetto founded a new political movement,
In March 2014, she became president of FdI, and in April she was nominated for the
On 30 January 2016, she participated in the Family Day, an
During the campaign for the
As party leader, she decided to form the alliance with the
On 19 October 2019, she participated in the Italian Pride rally in Rome against the newly formed
In February 2021, she joined the Aspen Institute,[62][63] an international think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C.,[64][65] which includes many financiers, businessmen, and politicians, such as Giulio Tremonti.[66][67][68] On 19 February 2021, the University of Siena professor Giovanni Gozzini insulted Meloni calling her vulgar names from a radio; both the president Sergio Mattarella and the prime minister Mario Draghi phoned Meloni and stigmatised Gozzini, who was suspended by the board of his university.[69][70]
In October 2021, Meloni signed the
2022 Italian general election
Heading into the
In an attempt to moderate herself to placate fears among those who describe FdI as
In a record-low voter turnout election,[94] exit polls projected that the centre-right coalition would win a majority of seats in the 2022 general election.[74][95][96] Meloni was projected to be the winner of the election with FdI receiving a plurality of seats,[97] and per agreement with the centre-right coalition, which held that the largest party in the coalition would nominate the next prime minister,[98] she was the frontrunner and would become the country's first female prime minister.[99][100] The PD, head of the centre-left coalition, conceded defeat shortly after the exit polls,[101] and Hungary's Orbán, Poland's Mateusz Morawiecki, United Kingdom's Liz Truss, and Marine Le Pen, former leader of National Rally (RN) in France, congratulated Meloni.[102] European radical right parties and leaders, such as Alternative for Germany and Vox, also celebrated Meloni's results.[103] After many years of absence from politics, Gianfranco Fini, former leader of the MSI and AN during the early years of Meloni's political career, expressed satisfaction for her victory, said he had voted for her party, and described her as an anti-fascist,[104][105] despite her rejection of the label, which she considers to be political.[106][107][108]
Observers have debated how right-wing a Meloni-led government would be, and which label and position on the political spectrum would be more accurate or realistic. Many variously described it as Italy's first far-right-led government since World War II,[103][109] and Meloni as the first far-right leader since Benito Mussolini, and some academics also described it as the most right-wing government since 1945.[110][111] Many questioned its direction, citing Berlusconi's and Salvini's Russian ties,[112] in contrast to Meloni's Atlanticism.[99] Others, such as Sky News, while citing Meloni's and her party's neo-fascist roots, disagreed with the far-right label and said: "Giorgia Meloni is not a fascist."[113][114] Steve Sedwick of CNBC summarised the discussion, saying: "Have we got a centre-right coalition, have we got a right coalition, have we got a far-right coalition, or have we got a fascist coalition? I have seen all four printed, depending on who you read."[115]
Prime Minister of Italy
Government formation
Immediately after the first meeting of the new legislature, tensions began to grow within the centre-right coalition. On 13 October, Berlusconi refused to support Ignazio La Russa, FdI's candidacy to be President of the Senate of the Republic. He succeeded in being elected by obtaining 116 votes out of 206 in the first round thanks to the support from opposition parties to the centre-right coalition.[116][117][118] Tensions further grew, in particular between Berlusconi and Meloni, whom Berlusconi described as "patronising, overbearing, arrogant ... [and] offensive" in a series of written notes in the Senate.[119][120] In the following days, after meetings between parties' leader, tensions loosened and the centre-right coalition parties reached an agreement on the formation of the new cabinet.[121]
On 20 October, consultations between President
On 25 October, Meloni gave her first official speech as Prime Minister in front of the
Domestic policies
One of the first measures implemented by the government regarded
From an economic point of view, Meloni and her government have decided to prevent the increase in energy prices, in continuity with her predecessor Mario Draghi, by lowering prices, giving subsidies to families and businesses and making new drilling decisions in the Italian seas to increase national gas production. The government decided also to increase the cash ceiling from €2,000 to €5,000.[149]
On 26 February 2023, a boat carrying migrants sank amidst harsh weather conditions while trying to land on the coast of Steccato di Cutro, near Crotone, in the region of Calabria. The boat was carrying between 143 and 200 migrants when it sank, of whom at least 86 died, including 12 children, becoming one of the deadliest naval disasters in recent years.[150] Meloni expressed her "deep sorrow for the many human lives torn away by human traffickers", and condemned the "exchange" of migrants' lives for "the 'price' of a ticket paid by them in the false prospect for a safe voyage".[151] On 1 March 2023, the new leader of the Democratic Party, Elly Schlein, as well as More Europe and Greens and Left Alliance asked for the resignation of interior minister Matteo Piantedosi.[152]
In May 2023, the government had to face
Constitutional reform
In late December 2022, Meloni announced that Elisabetta Casellati, Minister for Constitutional Reforms, would meet with the opposition parties to officially begin the roadmap towards a constitutional reform to strengthen the powers of the Prime Minister, even if the coalition's electoral program comprehended only the direct election of the President.[167]
On 3 November 2023, Meloni officially presented the reform which provided the direct election of the Prime Minister, the so-called "premierato", and a new electoral law which gave 55% of parliamentary seats in both houses to the coalition that arrives first in the general election.[168] Following new legislation in Italy passed by the Meloni government, only a child's biological parent can be named on their birth certificate.[169]
Foreign policy
The first foreign leader met by Meloni was the French president
On 7 November, Meloni took part in her first international summit, the
In January 2023, Meloni visited Algeria, where she met president Abdelmadjid Tebboune with whom she signed a deal regarding gas supply to Italy.[177] Thanks to this deal, Algeria will become Italy's largest gas supplier.[178]
On 22 February 2023, Meloni visited
In April 2023, Meloni had a state visit in
In July 2023, she had a state trip to the
Political positions
Some observers have described Meloni's political positions as
Meloni has been described as being close to
Social issues
Meloni opposes abortion,
Meloni has opposed the
Feminism
In her 2011 book We Believe, Meloni wrote: "I am a right-wing woman, and I proudly support women's issues. In recent years we have had to suffer contempt and racism by feminists. ... Perhaps as far as feminism is conceived in this way, it is more a question of ideology than of gender and substance."[248] She is opposed to pink quotas and has denied being anti-women as accused by some critics.[249][250][251] Giorgia Serughetti, a political philosopher and author of The Conservative Wind, said that femonationalism is working for Meloni.[220]
The possibility of Meloni becoming the first woman to become Prime Minister of Italy had been widely discussed both prior to and after the 2022 Italian general election. Some women did not see this as a victory due to her political positions, while others saw it at least partly in a positive light, and a few others called her a feminist despite Meloni's rejection of the label.[252] Prior to the election, former U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton commented: "The election of the first woman prime minister in a country always represents a break with the past, and that is certainly a good thing."[253][254] This prompted a response from some critics and observers, including historians Ruth Ben-Ghiat and David Broder. Ben-Ghiat wrote: "Meloni would also represent continuity with Italy's darkest episode."[255] For her part, Meloni declared herself ready to govern and criticised feminists.[256]
Immigration and multiculturalism
Meloni has criticised Italy's approach towards
Amid the 2022 escalation of the
Meloni has blamed
Meloni complained about the danger of
In 2023, amidst an unprecedented migration crisis, she asserted that Europe and Italy need immigration and that only illegal immigration must be fought in favor of legal immigration.[288][289] Meloni tried to make a deal with Tunisian President Kais Saied, with a focus on stopping illegal migration from Tunisia to Europe. In September 2023, more than 120 boats carrying around 7,000 migrants from Africa arrived on the Italian island of Lampedusa within 24 hours, increasing the volume handled by the local migration reception center by 15 times and leading to the migrants outnumbering the island's native population.[290] Meloni declared that she wrote to the European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen "to ask her to come with me to Lampedusa to personally realize the gravity of the situation we face, and to immediately accelerate the implementation of the agreement with Tunisia by transferring the agreed resources."[291]
Foreign issues
Meloni followed the PdL party line in favour of the 2011 military intervention in Libya; however, in 2019, she criticised the French rationale for the intervention, stating it was because of Muammar Gaddafi's opposition to the CFA franc.[292][293] She was critical of Italian relations with Saudi Arabia and Qatar, stating that these countries "systematically and deliberately spread fundamentalist theories that are the main causes of the growth of Islamic fundamentalism".[294] She opposed the decision to host the Supercoppa Italiana final in Saudi Arabia, and stated that Italy should actively raise the issue of human rights in Saudi Arabia.[295] However, upon taking office, Meloni reversed her position, with her government stating it was "keen to maintain the excellent relationship with Saudi Arabia" yet still calling for a "firm reaction" against Qatar to which several Italians were accused of involvement in Qatargate.[296]
In 2021, Meloni stated her party "denounced the authoritarian, Islamist direction
Prior to the
A critic of
In 2018, she said that
COVID-19 pandemic and vaccines
Meloni has exhibited support for
Relationship with fascism
During her political career, Meloni has expressed statements that generated controversy.
In November 2018, Meloni declared that the celebration of the Liberation Day, also known as the Anniversary of Italy's Liberation from Nazi-Fascism on 25 April, and Festa della Repubblica, which celebrates the birth of the Italian Republic on 2 June, should be substituted with the National Unity and Armed Forces Day on 4 November, which commemorates Italy's victory in World War I. She said that Liberation Day and Festa della Repubblica are "two controversial celebrations".[346] Meloni has tried to distance herself from her close ties to Roberto Jonghi Lavarini,[347] a far-right Milanese politician and entrepreneur known as the "Black Baron".[348][349][350]
After the formation of FdI in 2012, she decided to add the tricolour flame to the party flag, a
Observers, including historians Ruth Ben-Ghiat, David Broder, and Laurence Bertrand Dorléac,[80][255][354] said that Meloni and FdI have been ambiguous about their fascist past,[355] at times rejecting it and at other times minimising it, and that this has helped to rebrand both herself and her party.[356] Responding to the 2021 Fanpage report, she minimised the investigation and refused to remove openly neo-fascist members of FdI.[357] In December 2021, FdI's Alfredo Catapano and Luigi Rispoli were among former MSI members who did a Roman salute, which was condemned by the ANPI. Rispoli told Fanpage: "I believe in the New Right and in the efforts Giorgia Meloni is making in Brothers of Italy. It makes me wonder, frankly, this clamour."[358] Shortly before the 2022 general election, she sacked a member that openly praised Adolf Hitler.[88] FdI had also distanced itself from the Ascoli Piceno party section after it celebrated the anniversary of the March on Rome in 2019.[359]
On 25 October 2022, on the occasion of the vote of confidence of the Parliament at the government, Meloni in her speech before the deputies said: "Freedom and democracy are the distinctive elements of contemporary European civilization in which I have always recognized myself. And therefore, despite the instrumental argument of my opponents, I have never had sympathy for undemocratic regimes. For any regime, including fascism. Exactly as I have always considered the racial laws of 1938 the lowest point in Italian history, a shame that will mark our people forever".[360][361][362]
Personal life
In 2015, Meloni began a relationship with Andrea Giambruno , a journalist who works for Mediaset TV channels.[363] The couple has a daughter born in 2016.[364][365] On 20 October 2023, Meloni announced her split with Giambruno, following off-air statements transmitted by the television program Striscia la notizia that were described as "sexist" and "chauvinist", which included propositioning a female colleague for a threesome.[366][367][368] Meloni added that "all those who hoped to weaken [her] by attacking [her] personal life should know that however much the drop may hope to dig out the stone, the stone remains stone and the drop is only water".[369]
She is a Catholic and has used her religious identity in part to help build her national brand. In a 2019 speech to a rally in Rome, she said: "I am Giorgia. I'm a woman, I'm a mother, I'm Italian, I'm Christian."[1][370][371] Despite her Christian beliefs and championing traditional family values, Meloni defended herself not being married to her child's father.[372]
In September 2022, she reportedly continued to embrace the old
Meloni is a fan of fantasy, particularly
In addition to her native Italian, she speaks English, French and Spanish.[379]
Forbes ranked Meloni as the seventh most powerful woman in the world in 2022,[380] and placed her fourth in 2023.[381]
Honours
Foreign honours
- Finland: Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland (23 October 2023)[382]
Electoral history
Meloni has been a member of Parliament since 2006, being most recently re-elected in 2022.[383]
Election | House | Constituency | Party | Votes | Result | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2006 | Chamber of Deputies | Lazio 1 | AN | –[a] | Elected | |
2008 | Chamber of Deputies | Lazio 2 | PdL | –[a] | Elected | |
2013 | Chamber of Deputies | Lombardy 3 | FdI | –[a] | Elected | |
2014 | European Parliament | Central Italy | FdI | 99,143 | Not elected | |
2018 | Chamber of Deputies | Lazio 2 – Latina | FdI | 70,268 | Elected | |
2019 | European Parliament | Central Italy | FdI | 130,159 | Elected[b] | |
2022 | Chamber of Deputies | Abruzzo – L'Aquila | FdI | 104,823 | Elected |
- ^ a b c She was elected in a closed list proportional representation system
- ^ Meloni renounced her seat to remain a member of the Chamber of Deputies
First-past-the-post elections
Meloni won
2018 general election (C): Latina | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Coalition | Votes | % | |
Giorgia Meloni | Centre-right coalition | 70,268 | 41.0 | |
Leone Martellucci | Five Star Movement | 62,563 | 36.5 | |
Federico Fauttilli | Centre-left coalition | 26,293 | 15.3 | |
Others | 12,269 | 7.2 | ||
Total | 171,393 | 100.0 |
2022 general election (C): L'Aquila | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Coalition | Votes | % | |
Giorgia Meloni | Centre-right coalition | 104,823 | 51.5 | |
Rita Innocenzi | Centre-left coalition | 42,630 | 20.9 | |
Attilio D'Andrea | Five Star Movement | 33,132 | 16.3 | |
Others | 22,998 | 11.3 | ||
Total | 203,583 | 100.0 |
Municipal elections
Meloni lost the municipal election to become mayor of Rome in 2016.[386]
2016 municipal election: Rome | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Coalition | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
Virginia Raggi | Five Star Movement | 461,190 | 35.3 | 770,564 | 67.2 | |
Roberto Giachetti | Centre-left coalition | 325,835 | 24.9 | 376,935 | 32.8 | |
Giorgia Meloni | Centre-right coalition | 269,760 | 20.6 | |||
Others | 251,160 | 19.2 | ||||
Total | 1,307,945 | 100.0 | 1,147,499 | 100.0 |
Bibliography
- Meloni, Giorgia (2011). Podda, Stefano (ed.). Noi crediamo [We believe]. Saggi (in Italian). Milan: OCLC 898518765 – via Google Books.
- Meloni, Giorgia; Meluzzi, Alessandro; Mercurio, Valentina (2019). Mafia nigeriana. Origini, rituali, crimini [Nigerian mafia. Origins, rituals, crimes]. I saggi (in Italian). Mantova: Oligo Editore. .
- Meloni, Giorgia (2021). Io sono Giorgia, le mie radici, le mie idee [I am Giorgia, my roots, my ideas]. Saggi (in Italian). Rome: Rizzoli. ISBN 978-8-8171-5468-0 – via Google Books.
- Madron, Paolo; Bisignani, Luigi (2023). I potenti al tempo di Giorgia [The powerful in Giorgia's time]. Saggi (in Italian). Milan: Chiarelettere. ISBN 978-8-8329-6633-6 – via Google Books.
See also
- Conservatism in Italy
- Far-right politics in Italy
- Italian prime ministers
References
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{{cite web}}
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- better source needed][failed verification]
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External links
- Giorgia Meloni at IMDb
- Appearances on C-SPAN