Gipuzkoa
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Gipuzkoa
Guipúzcoa | ||
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Historical Territory of Gipuzkoa1 | ||
General Assembly of Gipuzkoa 51 | | |
Website | Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia | |
Gipuzkoa (
With a total area of 1,980 square kilometres (760 square miles), Gipuzkoa is the
.The oceanic climate gives the province an intense green colour with little thermic oscillation. Gipuzkoa is the province of the Basque Country in which the Basque language is the most extensively used since 49.1% of its population spoke Basque in 2006.[2]
Etymology
The first recorded name of the province was Ipuscoa in a document from the year 1025.[3] During the following years, and in various documents, several similar names appear, such as Ipuzcoa, Ipuçcha, Ipuzka, among others.
The full etymology the word Gipuzkoa has not been fully ascertained, but links have been made with the Basque word Giputz,[3] containing the root ip- which is related to the word ipar (north), ipurdi (back) and ipuin (tale). According to this, ipuzko (one of the several first known denominations) might refer to something "to the north" or "in the north".[3]
Denominations
Gipuzkoa
Gipuzkoa is the Basque spelling recommended by the Royal Academy of the Basque Language, and it is commonly used in official documents in that language. The Basque spelling is also mandatory in official texts from the various Spanish public administrations, even in documents written in Spanish. It is the spelling most frequently used by the Spanish-language media in the Basque Country.
It is also the spelling used in the Basque version of the
Guipúzcoa
Guipúzcoa is the spelling in Spanish, and it has been determined by the
Geography and demographics
At 1,980 km2 (764 sq mi) Gipuzkoa is the
Gipuzkoa is hilly and green linking mountain and sea, and heavily populated with numerous urban nuclei that dot the whole territory. The conspicuous presence of hills and rugged terrain has added to a special leaning towards
, amongst others.The
The rivers of Gipuzkoa are distinctly different from other
Population development
The historical population is given in the following chart: |
|
Climate
Gipuzkoa has an oceanic climate with a Mediterranean hue, characterized by its small annual thermal oscillation, with cool summers and moderate winters and abundant rain throughout the year.
The winds are always in the area and the atmospheric pressure of the area, predominating those from the north-northwest and south. Rainfall is abundant due to the wind regime and the orography of the province, with rainfall ranging between 1200 and 1700 mm per square meter per year. Cloud cover is also high.
The climate is oceanic, with few thermal fluctuations and abundant rainfall (1400 mm per year). The rainfall and relief have a hydrography defined by rivers of short length, although large and regular; The main ones are the Bidasoa, the Oyarzun, the Urumea, the Oria, the Urola and the Deva. Their agricultural utility, as a consequence of the rainfall, is minimal, although they have been the basis of an industry that has ended up contaminating its waters. The predominant vegetation, also conditioned by the climate, is the boreal forest, with deciduous species that alternate with meadows.
Infrastructure
The region's communication layout is in step with its geographical features, with the main lines of infrastructure along a north -south axis up to recent times along the rivers heading to the ocean. Accordingly, the inland
Currently,[ provides service.
The stretch of the A-15 motorway serving Gipuzkoa and Pamplona opened in 1995 embroiled in controversy under protest and an attack campaign led by ecologists,
The AVE high-speed rail is currently under construction, with an Y-type layout and links to the SNCF network in Hendaia (NE), Vitoria (SE), Bilbao (W) and Pamplona (S) to be completed by 2022. Contractors were appointed, works are in place although past schedule, while strong opposition (ecologists, Basque leftist nationalists,...) and serious financial tensions made its future uncertain.
The only airport in Gipuzkoa serving just domestic flights is the
Cultural traits
The Basque cultural element is apparent, including traditional dances and singing, bertsolaritza, trikiti and txistu music, baserris dotting the rural landscape, town festivals, and its signature heavy sculptures (stone, steel, iron) from the industrial tradition, all blending with the latest Basque, Spanish and international pop culture events and design trends centred in major urban areas (Donostia, Tolosa, etc.).
Traditionally a Catholic province, its patron
The region has produced many famous Basque athletes for example:
Notable natives and residents
- Abraham Olano, road racing cyclist, 1995 world road champion, 1998 world time trial champion
- Ainhoa Arteta, soprano
- Alberto Iñurrategi, mountaineer
- Andrés de Urdaneta, explorer and navigator
- Asier Illarramendi, footballer
- Bernardo Atxaga, writer
- Blas de Lezo, Admiral famed for the Battle of Cartagena de Indias
- Cosme Damián de Churruca y Elorza, Admiral of the Royal Spanish Armada
- Cristóbal Balenciaga, fashion designer
- Cristóbal de Oñate, explorer, conquistador and colonial official in New Spain
- Domingo Martínez de Irala, conquistador
- Eduardo Chillida, sculptor
- Edurne Pasaban, mountaineer
- Spanish New Mexicobetween 1665 and 1668.
- Fernando Savater, philosopher
- Durango
- Gabriel de Mendizábal Iraeta, General Officer who fought in the Peninsular War
- Ignacio Zuloaga, painter
- Irene Paredes, footballer
- Iker Martínez de Lizarduy Lizarribar, Olympic sailor
- Jorge Oteiza, sculptor
- José de Urrutia, Explorer and settler of Texas in the 1600s
- José María Olazábal, golfer and winner of Masters tournament
- Jose Miguel Barandiaran, anthropologist, paleontologist
- Josune Bereziartu, rock climber
- Joxe Azurmendi, philosopher
- Juan de Tolosa, explorer, conquistador and one of the founders of Zacatecas
- Juan de Urbieta, soldier who captured king Francis I of France
- Juan Mari Arzak, chef
- circumnavigatethe world, 1522
- Karlos Arguiñano, chef, TV presenter and producer, and Basque pelota businessman
- Katalina Erauso, nun and soldier in the 17th century
- Koldo Mitxelena, linguist
- Lope de Aguirre, conquistador, known for his expedition of the mythical El Dorado
- Luis Arconada, footballer
- Luis Mariano, tenor
- Mariano Juaristi Atano III, Basque-pelota player
- Martín Berasategui, chef
- Martín de Murúa, friar and chronicler, made the earliest illustrated history of Peru.
- Martín Ignacio de Loyola, Franciscan friar and missionary, first person to complete the world circumnavigation twice - first time in both eastwards and westwards.
- Miguel de Oquendo y Segura, a Spanish admiral, second in command of the Spanish Armada
- Miguel López de Legazpi, navigator and Governor of Captaincy General of the Philippines
- Paco Rabanne, fashion designer
- Pío Baroja y Nessi, writer
- Society of Jesus
- Congregation of the Hijas de Jesús
- Sto. Domingo Ibáñez de Erquicia, Dominican Saint, Martyr
- Tirso de Olazábal, Count of Arbelaiz, Politician
- Xabi Alonso, former footballer and current manager of Bayer Leverkusen
- Mikel Arteta, former footballer and current manager of Arsenal
- Unai Emery, current manager of Aston Villa
See also
Notes
- ^ The change in the official Spanish policy regarding the naming of Gipuzkoa dates only from 2011, and the last (and first) edition of the Panhispanic dictionary of doubts dates from 2005. The specific case of the spelling of Guipúzcoa is therefore not included. However, the articles for Lérida Archived 2018-05-03 at the Wayback Machine and Gerona[permanent dead link] indicate that will be the criterion followed for the Guipúzcoa article in the edition that is currently under elaboration.
References
- ^ "Guipúzcoa". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-05-24. Retrieved 2015-05-24.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b c Juntas Generales de Gipuzkoa. "El Territorio Histórico de Gipuzkoa: Nombre". Gipuzkoa.net. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ "Aralar Natural Park" Archived 2013-07-26 at the Wayback Machine Guipúzcoa Department of Sports and Eternal Activities. Website in English. Accessed 12 November 2013
- ^ "The Basque Language Gains Speakers, but No Surge in Usage – Basque Tribune".
External links
- Official website (Information in Basque, Spanish)