Giuliano de' Medici

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the brother of Lorenzo de' Medici. For other people with the same name, see Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours and Giuliano de' Medici (archbishop).

Giuliano de' Medici
Piero the Gouty
MotherLucrezia Tornabuoni

Giuliano de' Medici (28 October 1453 – 26 April 1478)[1] was the second son of Piero de' Medici (the Gouty) and Lucrezia Tornabuoni. As co-ruler of Florence, with his brother Lorenzo the Magnificent, he complemented his brother's image as the "patron of the arts" with his own image as the handsome, sporting "golden boy". He was killed in a plot known as the Pazzi conspiracy in 1478.

Personal life

In 1478, Giuliano was promised in marriage to Semiramide Appiani Aragona, daughter of Iacopo III Appiani, Prince of Piombino and niece of his presumed lover Simonetta Vespucci,[2] though died before the wedding could take place.[3] After Giuliano's death, Semiramide married his cousin, Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici, in 1482.[3]

Giuliano had an

illegitimate son by his mistress Fioretta Gorini,[4] Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, who would later become Pope Clement VII.[5]

The Pazzi conspirators attempted to lure Giuliano and Lorenzo away from Florence to kill them outside the boundaries of the city – first on the road to Piombino, then in Rome,[6] and finally at a banquet hosted by the Medici at their villa in Fiesole. Giuliano did not come, claiming to be ill. The choice to commit the murder at high mass was a last minute choice.[citation needed]

Death

Further information: Pazzi conspiracy

As the opening stroke of the Pazzi conspiracy, Giuliano was

Bernardo Baroncelli.[7] During Mass, at the sounding of the Elevation, he received a fatal sword wound to the head and was stabbed 19 times. He died lying on the cathedral floor.[8][9] Lorenzo, who had escaped to the Medici palace, did not learn of his brother's death for several hours.[10]

Medici Chapel of the same church, in a tomb surmounted by a statue of the Madonna and Child of Michelangelo.[8][12] After his death, at least two sonnets about Giuliano circulated in Florence, one of them written by Luigi Pulci for Lucrezia Tornabuoni the mother of Giuliano.[13]

Portrayals in media

Angelo Poliziano wrote two works which include Giuliano de' Medici as a major character. Stanze cominciate per la giostra del Magnifico Giuliano de’ Medici was written to commemorate a joust that Giuliano won in 1475.[14] It is mostly fictionalized and involves Giuliano's love for Simonetta Vespucci. It was left unfinished, for both of his protagonists (Giuliano and Simonetta) died. The other work is Coniurationis Commentarium, which was written in 1478 to commemorate Giuliano's murder. It explains the people involved in the plot and the events of the day of his assassination.[15]

Giuliano's portrait by Sandro Botticelli is thought to have been painted shortly after his death. The open window and dove were known symbols of death, and some have suggested that the lowered eyelids suggest that a death mask may have been used as reference.[16]

Giuliano makes a brief appearance in the video game

Rodrigo Borgia, the future Pope Alexander VI.[17]

Giuliano is portrayed by

Medici: Masters of Florence (2016–2019).[21]

Giuliano's murder is described in Jack Dann's 2019 novel Shadows in the Stone.[22]

References

  1. ^ Cabrini, Anna Maria (2014). "Medici, Giuliano di Piero de'". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian).
  2. ISBN 978-1-135-95914-2
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-0-385-52468-1
    .
  4. ^ Penny (12 September 2011). "The true son of the Devil, an Antichrist and abominable tyrant – or just unable to make up his mind?". Beyond the Yalla Dog. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  5. ^ Sannio, Simone (6 December 2016). "Inside the Medici Chapels, the "Masters of Florence"'s Mausoleum". L'Italo-Americano. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  6. ISBN 978-0743254359
    .
  7. ^ Smedley, Edward; James, Hugh James; Rose, Henry John (1845). Encyclopaedia Metropolitana; Or, Universal Dictionary of Knowledge on an Original Plan Comprising the Twofold Advantage of a Philosophical and an Alphabetical Arrangement, with Appropriate Engravings. B. Fellowes. p. 272.
  8. ^
    ISBN 978-0791086261
    .
  9. ^ Poliziano, Angelo (2012). Coniurationis Commentarium. Florence: Firenze University Press.
  10. ISBN 978-0-86706-083-6
    .
  11. ^ "Giuliano de' Medici". National Gallery of Art. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
  12. ISBN 5-85050-825-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )
  13. ^ Balowski, Carl (2020). On the Death of Giuliano de Medici: An English translation of poetry from 1478.
  14. Encyclopaedia Britannica
    . Retrieved 5 February 2018.
  15. ISBN 978-88-6655-117-1
    .
  16. ^ "Giuliano de' Medici". National Gallery of Art. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  17. Hobby Consolas
    (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 February 2018.
  18. ISBN 9781476671383
    .
  19. ScreenCrush
    . Retrieved 5 February 2018.
  20. ^ Carabott, Chris (1 June 2013). "Da Vinci's Demons: "The Hierophant" Review". IGN. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
  21. ^ Clarke, Stewart (10 August 2017). "Daniel Sharman and Bradley James Join Netflix's 'Medici'". Variety. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  22. ISBN 9781925759792
    .

External links

Media related to Giuliano de' Medici at Wikimedia Commons

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