Giuseppe Bottai
Giuseppe Bottai | |
---|---|
Victor Emmanuel III | |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Alfredo Siniscalchi |
Governor of Rome | |
In office 23 January 1935 – 15 November 1936 | |
Preceded by | F. Boncompagni Ludovisi |
Succeeded by | Piero Colonna |
Minister of Corporations | |
In office 12 September 1929 – 20 July 1932 | |
Prime Minister | Benito Mussolini |
Preceded by | Alessandro Martelli |
Succeeded by | Benito Mussolini |
Member of the Chamber of Fasces and Corporations | |
In office 20 April 1929 – 5 August 1943 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Rome, Italy | 3 September 1895
Died | 9 January 1959 Rome, Italy | (aged 63)
Political party | FIC (1919–1921) PNF (1921–1943) |
Height | 1.77 m (5 ft 10 in) |
Alma mater | Sapienza University of Rome |
Profession | Journalist, soldier |
Military service | |
Allegiance | Kingdom of Italy Free France |
Branch/service | Royal Italian Army French Foreign Legion |
Years of service | 1915–1917; 1935–1936; 1943–1948 |
Rank | |
Unit | 1st Cavalry Regiment (France) |
Battles/wars |
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Giuseppe Bottai (3 September 1895 – 9 January 1959) was an Italian journalist and member of the National Fascist Party of Benito Mussolini.
Early life
Born in Rome, Giuseppe was son of Luigi, a wine dealer with republican sympathies, and Elena Cortesia. He graduated at
In 1919, Bottai met Benito Mussolini during a Futurist meeting[2] and contributed to establish the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento ("Italian Fasces of Combat"). In 1921, Bottai ended his studies at law faculty and became a
Political career
After
Bottai worked to the
In the late 1930s, Bottai became more radical and a Germanophile. In 1938 he expressed support to racial laws against Italian Jews, and in 1940, he founded Primato ("Primacy") in 1941, a magazine that supported the Aryan race's supremacy and interventionism in the war.[8][9] Bottai thought that the "Fascist Revolution" was incomplete and that what was needed was a return to the original, "pure" fascism.
World War II
However, the
In 1944, Bottai enlisted in the French Foreign Legion with the pseudonym Andrea Battaglia. He fought in Provence during Operation Dragoon and then in the Western Allied invasion of Germany.
Later life
After the war, Bottai remained in France and continued to serve in the Foreign Legion until 1948, when he was discharged. For his role in the final stages of World War II, he got an amnesty for his role in fascism.
Returning in Italy in 1953, Bottai founded the periodical ABC (not to be confused with the magazine with the same name) and Il Popolo di Roma, which was financed by ex-fascist Vittorio Cini, who supported centrist and conservative views.
Bottai died in Rome in 1959. At his funeral was Aldo Moro who, like Moro's father, had been Bottai's friend and assistant during his career.[11]
Bibliography
- Trade organisation in Italy under the act and regulations on collective relations in connection with employment
- Economia fascista (1930)
- Grundprinzipien des korporativen Aufbaus in Italien (1933)
- Esperienza corporativa (1929–1935) (1935)
- Corporazioni (1935)
- Scritti giuridici in onore di Santi Romano ... (1940)
- Funzione di Roma nella vita culturale e scientifica della nazione (1940)
- Pagine di critica fascista (1915–1926) (1941, edited by F. M. Pacces)
- Romanità e germanesimo: letture tenute per il Lyceum di Firenze (1941, edited by Jolanda de Blasi)
- Von der römischen zur faschistischen Korporation (1942)
- Köpfe des risorgimento (1943)
- Contributi all'elaborazione delle scienze corporative (1939-XVIII—1942-XX) (1943)
- Vent 'anni e un giorno, 24 luglio 1943 (1949). Republished as Vent'anni e un giorno (24 luglio 1943) (1977).
- Legione è il mio nome (1950). Republished as Legione è il mio nome: il coraggioso epilogo di un gerarca del fascismo (I memoriali) (1999, edited by Marcello Staglieno)
- Scritti (1965, edited by Roberto Bartolozzi and Riccardo Del Giudice)
- Diario, 1935–1944 (1982, edited by Giordano Bruno Guerri)
- Carteggio 1940–1957, correspondence between Bottai and Don Giuseppe De Luca; edited by Renzo De Felice and Renato Moro (1989)
- La politica delle arti: Scritti, 1918–1943 (1992, edited by Alessandro Masi).
- Quaderni giovanili: 1915–1920 (Atti testimonianze convegni) (1996).
Notes
- ^ Sabino Cassese (1971). Bottai, Giuseppe – Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Treccani.
- ^ Maddalena, Carli (2010). "Un movimento artistico crea un partito politico : il futurismo italiano tra avanguardismo e normalizzazione". Memoria e ricerca.
- ^ Michele Terzaghi (1950). Fascismo e massoneria. Arnaldo Forni Editore. p. 171.
- ^ Berto Ricci (1984). Lo Scrittore Italiano (in Italian). Ciarrapico.
- S2CID 213105744.
- ^ Paolo Passaniti (2007). Storia del diritto del lavoro (in Italian). FrancoAngeli. pp. 573–574.
- ^ Vittorio Emiliani (2011). Tutela del paesaggio ed Unità nazionale (in Italian). Alinea Editrice.
- JSTOR 1881234.
- ^ Roberto Finzi (2008). La cultura italiana e le leggi antiebraiche del 1938 (in Italian). Carocci. p. 915.
- ^ Enzo Forcella (1999). La resistenza in convento. Einaudi.
- ^ Aldo Moro (2009). Lettere dalla prigionia. Einaudi.
References
- Incontro con Bottai by Mario Carli and Bruno D'Agostini (1938)
- Giuseppe Bottai, un fascista critico : ideologia e azione del gerarca che avrebbe voluto portare l'intelligenza nel fascismo e il fascismo alla liberalizzazione by Giordano Bruno Guerri (1976 – Republished as Giuseppe Bottai, fascista, 1996).
- Bottai : il fascismo come rivoluzione del capitale (1978, edited by Anna Panicali)
- Scuola e la pedagogia del fascismo by Maria Bellucci and Michele Ciliberto (1978).
- Giuseppe Bottai e la riforma fascista della scuola by Rino Gentili. (1979)
- Bottai tra capitale e lavoro by Amleto Di Marcantonio (1980)
- Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 by Philip Rees (1990)