Glamoč

Coordinates: 44°02′42″N 16°51′00″E / 44.04500°N 16.85000°E / 44.04500; 16.85000
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the village in Goražde municipality, see Glamoč, Goražde.
Glamoč
Гламоч
UTC+2 (CEST)
Area code+387 34

Glamoč (

Glamočko Polje
.

Name

During the Ottoman era the town was recorded as Biograd (White town), Belgradčik and Biogradaz.[2]

Geography

Climate

The climate of Glamoč is classified as an oceanic climate (Cfb in Köppen climate classification system), near the boundary of the humid continental climate. Glamoč has four separate seasons. Summers are warm, and winters are cold, without a discernible dry season.

Weather box
Climate data for Glamoč
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C 0.7 2.6 6.6 11.4 16.5 20.2 22.7 22.4 18.3 12.2 6.7 2.5 11.9
Daily mean °C −1.8 −0.6 2.8 6.9 11.6 15.2 17.3 16.9 13.3 8.3 3.8 0.1 7.8
Mean daily minimum °C −4.2 −3.8 −1 2.5 6.8 10.2 11.9 11.4 8.3 4.5 1 −2.3 3.8
Average precipitation mm 81 85 80 85 86 98 72 71 77 101 139 138 1,113
Mean daily maximum °F 33.3 36.7 43.9 52.5 61.7 68.4 72.9 72.3 64.9 54.0 44.1 36.5 53.4
Daily mean °F 28.8 30.9 37.0 44.4 52.9 59.4 63.1 62.4 55.9 46.9 38.8 32.2 46.1
Mean daily minimum °F 24.4 25.2 30 36.5 44.2 50.4 53.4 52.5 46.9 40.1 34 27.9 38.8
Average precipitation inches 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.9 2.8 2.8 3.0 4.0 5.5 5.4 43.7
Source: [3]

History

Lower Field of Glamoč

The Glamoč area has been inhabited since at least

Indo-European tribes known as the Illyrians, specifically the Dalmatae. Their capital was Delminium, which was located in today's Tomislavgrad. The Dalmatae left many artefacts which allow us to learn about their presence in this area. The most important remains are the gradine, remains of Illyrian settlements which were distributed along the Glamoč field. 34 gradinas were found on the territory of Glamoč.[4] The settlements were strategically placed for defence. The Romans
took over 200 years to occupy this region.

After the Roman conquest,

Avars in 597.[5]

Monument to the thousandth anniversary of the Croatian Kingdom

With the collapse of Roman rule in the 5th century, first

Archdiocese of Split.[6]

A church, dedicated to the

Hrvatinić noble family.[10]

In 1357, Bosnian ban

Stjepan Ostoja took his lordship, but when he needed Pavao as an ally he returned it to him in 1404.[2]

Ruins of the Fortress

Glamoč fell under Ottoman rule in the year 1515. In 1516, it was mentioned as a nahiye Dlamoč or Belgrad in the

Bosnia Sanjak until 1537. In 1550 and 1574 it was recorded as a nahiye in the Skradin kadiluk in the Sanjak of Klis. After Klis was liberated in 1648, Glamoč became part of the Livno kadiluk.[2]

During the Ottoman period the town was called Biograd or Belgradčik. It was recorded under this name until 1833. A Venetian-Dalmatian source from the first half of the 17th century recorded that Biogradaz was a fortress with several towers. In the second half of the 18th century, it was noted that the town lies along the Dalmatian border, and that it is well fortified, but that it has little artillery. The fortress was abandoned in 1851 and partially demolished in 1882.[2]

Catholic church built in 1903 and demolished in 1992 during the Bosnian War

In 1878, with the Congress of Berlin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, including Glamoč, came under Austro-Hungarian rule. Complete annexation followed in 1908. Administratively, the town was located in the Travnik District. At that time, a significant number of Catholics, mostly from Dalmatia, immigrated,[6] so the Catholic church of Saint Elias was built in 1903.[citation needed]

After the end of

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. After the Vidovdan Constitution of 1921 established new administrative divisions, the town became part Travnik County. The country changed its name to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929, and then Glamoč became part of a new administrative unit, Vrbas Banovina
.

On 9 January 1992, the

Bosnian Serb Assembly adopted the Proclamation of the Republic of the Serb people of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[citation needed] On 28 February 1992, the Constitution of Republika Srpska was adopted and declared that the state's territory included Serb autonomous regions, municipalities, and other Serbian ethnic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including Glamoč, where Bosnian Serbs were 79% of the population.[citation needed
]

In early 1992, many Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats left Glamoč. Those who remained suffered at the hands of the Serb forces.[11] An early victim was a Croatian physician, Dr Alojzije Kelava, who was murdered in the city centre on 24 February 1992 by Petar Vrakela, member of the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS).[12]

U.S. Army tankers deployed to Glamoč as part of the Stabilization Force

Shortly thereafter, Serbian forces started ethnic cleansing of the non-Serb population and the destruction of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian cultural and historical heritage. In 1992, the Catholic church, the rectory and the town's mosque were destroyed.[13] The parish priest of Glamoč, Rev. Zvonimir Matijević, was arrested and taken to Knin prison where he was tortured.[12]

From Glamoč field, Serbs besieged and bombarded the nearby town of Livno. By early 1995, most of the non-Serb population had left the municipality. On 25 July 1995, HV and HVO began Operation Summer '95. In the next few days, a large part of the Serb population left Glamoč, led by the VRS. On 29 July, HVO troops attacking from the south captured the town.[14][15]

Soon, the area was inhabited by refugees from Republika Srpska and central Bosnia. Some remained in Glamoč. Meanwhile, some of the Croats and Bosniaks who had left Glamoč at the beginning of the war and Serbs who left Glamoč after the Croatian Army captured it have returned. After the signing of the Dayton Agreement, Glamoč became a municipality of Canton 10, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The war has caused economic and demographic decline of the municipality. Large funds are dedicated in the reconstruction of destroyed infrastructure, but the area is still underdeveloped.[citation needed]

Demographics

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Nationalities structure, according to the 2013 census

  Serbs (43.50%)
  Bosniaks (32.41%)
  Croats (23.47%)
  Other (0.62%)

Ethnic composition

Ethnic composition – Glamoč town
2013. 1991. 1981. 1971. 1961.
Total 1,885 (100,0%) 4,256 (100,0%) 3,777 (100,0%) 2,597 (100,0%) 1,626 (100,0%)
Croats 762 (40,42%) 43 (1,010%) 52 (1,377%) 85 (3,273%) 65 (3,998%)
Serbs 556 (29,50%) 3,254 (76,46%) 2,686 (71,11%) 1,701 (65,50%) 846 (52,03%)
Bosniaks 549 (29,12%) 852 (20,02%) 809 (21,42%) 758 (29,19%) 450 (27,68%)
Others 18 (0,955%) 16 (0,376%) 9 (0,238%) 15 (0,578%) 4 (0,246%)
Yugoslavs 91 (2,138%) 213 (5,639%) 23 (0,886%) 251 (15,44%)
Montenegrins 4 (0,106%) 5 (0,193%) 6 (0,369%)
Albanians 3 (0,079%) 9 (0,347%) 2 (0,123%)
Macedonians 1 (0,026%) 1 (0,039%) 1 (0,062%)
Slovenes 1 (0,062%)

Notable people

Other

  • Ivo Lola Ribar, Yugoslav communist was killed near Glamoč by airstrike

See also

References

  1. ^ Postcode info for Bosnia-Herzegovina
  2. ^ a b c d "Stari grad Glamoč, graditeljska cjelina". kons.gov.ba (in Bosnian). Commission to Preserve National Monuments. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  3. ^ "Climate data for cities worldwide". Retrieved February 7, 2013.
  4. ^ (in Croatian) Bosnia and Herzegovina, Commission to Preserve National Monuments, Old City (Glamoč) Archived 2014-03-01 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ a b (in Croatian) Bosnia and Herzegovina, Commission to Preserve National Monuments, Remains of early Christian basilica Archived 2014-07-14 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ a b "Glamoč details". hbzup.com (in Croatian). Tourism Board of Canton 10. Archived from the original on 10 October 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  7. ^ Desanka Kovačević-Kojić (1978). Gradska naselja srednjovjekovne bosanske države (Urban settlements of Medieval Bosnian State. Sarajevo: Veselin Masleša.
  8. ^ "Župa Glamoč (Glamoč Parish)". biskupija-banjaluka.org (in Croatian). Roman Catholic Diocese of Banja Luka. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  9. ^ "Kratka povijest provincije (Short History of the Province)". franjevci.info (in Croatian). Franciscan Province of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Archived from the original on 22 July 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.
  10. ^ "Glamoč details". hebeta.lzmk.hr (in Croatian). Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža (Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography). Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  11. ^ "New War Crimes Verdicts in Bosnia". balkaninsight.com. Balkan Transitional Justice. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
  12. ^ a b Franjo Komarica. "IN DEFENCE OF THE RIGHTLESS". hic.hr. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
  13. ^ Andras Riedlmayer (30 September 2003). "Glamoc Abandoned". bosnia.org.uk. Bosnian Institute. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
  14. OCLC 50396958
    .
  15. ^ A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990–1995 details, nato.int, 2003.

External links

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