Glasgow School
The Glasgow School was a circle of influential artists and designers that began to coalesce in Glasgow, Scotland in the 1870s, and flourished from the 1890s to around 1910. Representative groups included The Four (also known as the Spook School), the Glasgow Girls[1] and the Glasgow Boys.[2] Part of the international Art Nouveau movement, they were responsible for creating the distinctive Glasgow Style (see Modern Style (British Art Nouveau style)).
Glasgow experienced an
The Four (Spook School)
Among the most prominent definers of the Glasgow School collective were The Four. They were the
The Glasgow Girls
The Glasgow Girls is the name now used for a group of female designers and
Women were able to flourish in Glasgow during a "period of enlightenment" that took place between 1885 and 1920, where women were actively pursuing art careers and the
The name "Glasgow Girls" emerged much later. In the 1960s there was an attempt to give due attention to the work of the city’s women artists to balance the plentiful discussion of the Glasgow Boys.[10] It is thought that the then head of the Scottish Arts Council William Buchanan was the first to use the name in the catalogue for a 1968 Glasgow Boys exhibition.[10][12][13] This "invention"[9] has been called an "ironic reference" to the equivalent men’s grouping.[14] The term Glasgow Girls was emphasised by a major exhibition Glasgow Girls: Women in Art and Design 1880-1920 organised by Jude Burkhauser in 1990.
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A Paradox by Frances MacDonald, 1905
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Opera of the Winds by Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh, 1903
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The Goose Girl by Bessie MacNicol, 1898
The Glasgow Boys
Through the 1880s and 1890s, around the same time that the Spook School was gaining prominence, a collective which came to be known as the
The Glasgow Boys consisted of several men, most of whom were trained in, or had strong ties to the city of Glasgow. These men were brought together by a passion for realism and naturalism and this showed through in the pieces they produced. Along with this passion for naturalism, they shared a marked distaste for the Edinburgh oriented Scottish art establishment, which they viewed as oppressive. Driven and motivated by these ideals they embraced change, created masterpieces, and became Scottish icons in the process.
There were three distinct waves of Glasgow Boys. The leading figures of the first wave were
Their main influences were that of Japanese print, French Realism including
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James Guthrie At His Easel by Joseph Crawhall, 1885.
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Spring by Thomas Millie Dow, 1886
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Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon by Sir James Guthrie, c. 1924 – c. 1930
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Bluette by Edward Arthur Walton, 1891
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Portrait of a Girl at Dusk by Alexander Mann (date unknown; d. 1908)
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Near Dover by William York Macgregor, 1921
Collections and exhibitions
A large collection of work from the Glasgow Boys is held in the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, where one room is dedicated to the group. The museum houses more than 60 of the Boys' pieces that were created between 1880 and 1900, arguably the time period in which their best, and most innovative, pieces were produced.[16] More of their works can be found on display at the Burrell Collection, Broughton House, Paisley Museum and Art Galleries, Walker Art Gallery and the Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery.
See also
- Glasgow School of Art
- Scottish Colourists
- Ann Macbeth
- Arthur Melville
- George Henry Walton
- Hannah Frank
- Margaret Macdonald Mackintosh
- Frances MacDonald
References
- ISBN 9781841951515.
- ^ Rezelman, Cogger. The Glasgow Boys.
- ^ "The Four". Charles Rennie Mackintosh. CRM Society. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
- ISBN 978-0963698506.
- ^ Glasgow Girls On Display, Mary Selwood, accessed July 2010
- ^ Antiques Roadshow, BBC Television, 19 September 2023.
- ^ "Series 35, Antiques Roadshow - BBC One". BBC. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ISBN 978-0963698506.
- ^ a b Andrew Gibbbon Williams, 'Engendering respect', The Times (features), 18 Sep 1990
- ^ . Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^ ISBN 978-0963698506.
- ^ "ExploreArt - Search Results - The Glasgow Girls". Exploreart.co.uk. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ The Glasgow Boys: An Exhibition of Work by the Group of Artists who Flourished in Glasgow 1880-1900, Volume 2, Scottish Arts Council, 1968
- JSTOR 1358454.
- ^ "The Glasgow Boys". Explore Art at Gracefield Arts Centre.
- ^ "New Glasgow Boys gallery to open". Bbc.co.uk. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
Bibliography
- Billcliffe, Roger. The Glasgow Boys. John Murray, London. ISBN 9780719560330
- The Glasgow Boys and Girls: Painting in Scotland Book of Postcards: The National Galleries of Scotland.