Glen or Glenda
Glen or Glenda | |
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Directed by | Ed Wood |
Written by | Ed Wood |
Produced by | George Weiss |
Starring |
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Narrated by | Timothy Farrell |
Cinematography | William C. Thompson |
Edited by | Bud Schelling |
Music by | William Lava (uncredited) |
Distributed by | Screen Classics |
Release date |
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Running time |
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Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $20,000 (adjusted by inflation: $227,761) |
Glen or Glenda is a 1953 American independent exploitation film directed, written by and starring Ed Wood (credited in his starring role as "Daniel Davis"), and featuring Wood's then-girlfriend Dolores Fuller and Bela Lugosi. It was produced by George Weiss who also made the exploitation film Test Tube Babies that same year.[1]
The film is a docudrama about cross-dressing and transvestism, and is semi-autobiographical in nature. Wood himself was a cross-dresser, and the film is a plea for tolerance. It was widely considered one of the worst films ever made upon release. However, it has since been reevaluated and has become a cult film due to its low-budget production values, idiosyncratic style, and early cinematic themes of transgender acceptance.
Plot
A police inspector investigating the suicide of a transvestite named Patrick/Patricia seeks the advice of Dr. Alton, who narrates for him the story of Glen/Glenda.
Glen started out by asking to wear his sister's dress for a Halloween party. The narrative explains that Glen is a transvestite, but not a homosexual. He hides his cross-dressing from his fiancée, Barbara, fearing that she will reject him. She voices her suspicion that there is another woman in his life, unaware that the woman is his feminine alter ego, Glenda.
Alton narrates that Glen is torn between the idea of being honest with Barbara before their wedding or waiting until after. Glen confides in a transvestite friend of his, John, whose wife left him after catching him wearing her clothes.
Glen/Glenda is caught in a storm. The sound of thunder drives him to collapse to the floor. An extended dream sequence begins, containing several vignettes symbolically depicting Glen's struggle with his sexuality. Glen/Glenda wakes and decides to tell Barbara the truth. She initially reacts with distress, but ultimately decides to stay with him. She offers him an angora sweater as a sign of acceptance.
Back in Dr. Alton's office, he relates another narrative, this one concerning a
Cast
- Bela Lugosi as Scientist/Spirit
- Ed Wood as Glen/Glenda
- Timothy Farrell as Dr. Alton/Narrator
- Dolores Fuller as Barbara
- 'Tommy' Haynes as Alan/Anne
- Lyle Talbot as Inspector Warren
- Charlie Crafts as Johnny
- Conrad Brooks as Banker/Reporter/Pickup Artist/Bearded Drag
- William M. A. deOrgler aka Captain DeZita as The Devil
Production
Shot in four days, the film was loosely inspired by the
Wood persuaded Lugosi, at the time poor and
This was the only film Wood directed but did not also produce. Wood played the eponymous character, but under the
The erotic-themed striptease/bondage vignettes were not created by Wood. They were reportedly added by producer
The film has
The second part of the film, titled Alan or Anne, is much shorter, told largely through
Release
Domestically, the film was
According to Tim Dirks, the film was one of a wave of "cheap teen movies" released for the drive-in market. They consisted of "exploitative, cheap fare created especially for them [teens] in a newly-established teen/drive-in genre."[7]
It was
The Image DVD release from 2000 was mastered from a censored print and is missing several salacious bits.[9]
In 2009, Glen or Glenda became the final film to be restored and colorized by Legend Films, who subsequently released it on DVD.[10]
Critical reception
Describing the film as "a half-mad old movie Paramount hasn't so much rescued as disinterred," critic Janet Maslin wrote in a 1981 review of the film in The New York Times that "it's dreadful enough to have a certain comic appeal," that the Lugosi character "presides over the action like some sex change deity," that it is "impassioned [and] incoherent," but noted that "there is plenty of inadvertent humor in Glen or Glenda, with its weirdo homilies, rotten acting and frequent talk of underwear."[11] Writing in DVD Talk, critic Ian Jane wrote that "Wood throws in all manner of strange stock footage of Buffalo and bound women alongside clips of Bela Lugosi freaking out," that the film is "so utterly messed up that it borders on arthouse rather than simple b-movie exploitation," but that it "holds up immensely for multiple viewings due to its total incoherence."[12] A review by Andrea LeVasseur in AllMovie described the film as a "showcase of Wood's infamous ineptitude," and noted that "the personal stories of two transvestites are spoken with ridiculous dialogue, terrible acting, and interspersed with irrelevant stock footage. Every so often, a drug-addicted Bela Lugosi would appear with some strange and pointless narration."[13]
The critic Leonard Maltin names Glen or Glenda as "possibly the worst movie ever made".[14] Richard Barrios describes Glen or Glenda as "one of the funniest and worst movies ever made".[15]
Legacy
In 1980, Wood was posthumously given the accolade of 'Worst Director of All Time' at the
In his book Cult Movies 3,
In 1994, Tim Burton chronicled the troubled production of Glen or Glenda in Ed Wood. The film includes re-creations of several key scenes, including Lugosi's narration and Glen's plea for his girlfriend's understanding at the end of the film.[17]
The characters Glen and Glenda in the film Seed of Chucky, the fifth film in the Child's Play series, were named after the film.[citation needed]
Director David Lynch has named the film as one of his favorites.[18]
The mascot of Plan 9 from Bell Labs (the name of which is also a reference to one of Wood's films, Plan 9 from Outer Space) is a bunny named "Glenda".
See also
- Transgender in film and television
- Cross-dressing in film and television
- List of films considered the worst
- Ed Wood filmography
References
- ^ ISBN 0-345-34345-X. Page 284
- ^ a b c
Rhodes, Gary D. (1997). Lugosi: His Life in Films, on Stage, and in the Hearts of Horror Lovers. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0257-1.
- ^ ""I Led 2 Lives" Based on the Lives of Christine Jorgensen". Archived from the original on 2021-07-08. Retrieved 2017-08-10.
- ^ ISBN 0-671-64810-1.
- ^ a b c d Craig (2009), p. 30-68
- ^ Trailer on Internet Archive
- ^ Dirks,Tim. "Citing Website" The History of Film - The 1950s: The Cold War and Post-Classical Era, The Era of Epic Films, and the Threat of Television, Part 1. Accessed March 16, 2015,http://www.filmsite.org/50sintro.html Archived 2016-05-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Glen or Glenda". British Board of Film Classification. February 26, 1958. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
- ^ "Glen or Glenda (1953) - Alternate versions - IMDb". IMDb.
- ^ "Glen or Glenda (1953)". Legend Films.
- ^ Maslin, Janet (22 May 1981). "BEVARE! BEVARE! IT'S LUGOSI". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
- ^ Jane, Ian. "Ed Wood Box, The". DVD Talk. DVDTalk.com. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
- ^ LeVasseur, Andrea. "Glen or Glenda? (1953)". AllMovie. Netaktion LLC. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
- ISBN 0-451-20940-0.
- ISBN 0-415-92328-X, Page 235.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-671-64810-7.
- ^ Ed Wood Jr's "Glen or Glenda" The First Trans Film? - The Odyssey Online
- ^ ANGORA RISING: TWO FROM ED WOOD - Spectacle Theater
Sources
- Craig, Rob (2009), "Glen or Glenda? (1953)", Ed Wood, Mad Genius: A Critical Study of the Films, ISBN 978-0-7864-5423-5, archivedfrom the original on 2019-04-28, retrieved 2016-10-22
- ISBN 978-0-922915-24-8
- The Haunted World of Edward D. Wood, Jr. (1996), a documentary film directed by Brett Thompson
Further reading
- Borja, Terry (June 2018). TEACHING CASE: TRANSGENDER SAILORS, LEADERSHIP CHALLENGES, AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS (PDF) (Master of Business Administration thesis). Naval Postgraduate School. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 26, 2019.
External links
- Glen or Glenda at IMDb
- Glen or Glenda at AllMovie
- Glen or Glenda at Rotten Tomatoes
- Glen or Glenda is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive
- Glen or Glenda trailer is available for free download at the Internet Archive