Glenda Jackson
Glenda Jackson Royal Academy of Dramatic Art | |
---|---|
Occupations |
|
Years active |
|
Political party | Labour |
Spouse |
Roy Hodges
(m. 1958; div. 1976) |
Children | Hampstead and Highgate (1992–2010) |
In office 9 April 1992 – 30 March 2015 | |
Preceded by | Geoffrey Finsberg |
Succeeded by | Tulip Siddiq |
Glenda May Jackson
Jackson won the
She studied at the
Jackson transitioned her career to politics from 1992 to 2015, and was elected MP for Hampstead and Highgate at the 1992 United Kingdom general election. She was a junior transport minister from 1997 to 1999 during the first Blair ministry; she later became critical of Tony Blair. After constituency boundary changes, she represented Hampstead and Kilburn from 2010. At the 2010 general election, her majority of 42 votes, confirmed after a recount, was the narrowest margin of victory in Great Britain.[3][4] Jackson stood down at the 2015 general election and returned to acting.
Early life and education
Glenda May Jackson was born at 151 Market Street in Birkenhead, Cheshire, on 9 May 1936. Her mother named her after the Hollywood film star Glenda Farrell.[5] Shortly after her birth, the family moved to Hoylake, also on the Wirral.[6] Her family were very poor and lived in a two-up two-down house with an outside toilet at 21 Lake Place. Her father Harry was a builder, while her mother Joan (née Pearce) worked in a local shop, pulled pints in a pub and was a domestic cleaner.[7][8][9]
The oldest of four daughters, Jackson was educated at Holy Trinity Church of England and Cathcart Street primary schools, followed by
Acting career
1957–1968: Rise to prominence
In January 1957, Jackson made her professional stage debut in
From 1958 to 1961, Jackson went through a period of two and a half years in which she was unable to find acting work. She unsuccessfully auditioned for the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), and undertook what she later described as "a series of soul-destroying jobs". This included waitressing at The 2i's Coffee Bar, clerical work for a large City of London firm, answering phones for a theatrical agent, and a role at British Home Stores. She also worked as a Bluecoat at Butlin's Pwllheli holiday resort on the Llŷn Peninsula in North West Wales, where her new husband and fellow actor Roy Hodges was a Redcoat. Jackson eventually returned to repertory theatre in Dundee, but worked in bars in between acting jobs.[18]
Jackson made her film debut in a bit part in the
The RSC's staging at the Aldwych Theatre of US (1966), a protest play against the Vietnam War, also featured Jackson, and she appeared in its film version, Tell Me Lies.[22] Later that year, she starred in the psychological drama Negatives (1968), which was not a huge financial success, but won her more good reviews.
1969–1980: Breakthrough and acclaim
Jackson's starring role in
Jackson had her head shaved to play
Filmmaker
1980–1991: Established actor
For her 1980 appearance on The Muppet Show, Jackson told the producers she would perform any material they liked. In her appearance, she has a delusion that she is a pirate captain who takes over the Muppet Theatre as her ship.[47] Fifteen years after the New York engagement of Marat/Sade, Jackson returned to Broadway in Andrew Davies's Rose (1981) opposite Jessica Tandy; both actresses received Tony nominations for their roles.[48] In September 1983, The Glenda Jackson Theatre in Birkenhead was named in her honour. The theatre was attached to Wirral Metropolitan College, but demolished in 2005 following the establishment of a purpose-built site for students.[49]
In 1985, she played Nina Leeds in a revival of Eugene O'Neill's Strange Interlude at the Nederlander Theatre in a production which had originated in London the previous year and ran for eight weeks.[8] John Beaufort for The Christian Science Monitor wrote: "Bravura is the inevitable word for Miss Jackson's display of feminine wiles and brilliant technique."[50] Frank Rich in The New York Times thought Jackson, "with her helmet of hair and gashed features", when Leeds is a young woman, "looks like a cubist portrait of Louise Brooks", and later when the character has aged several decades, is "mesmerizing as a Zelda Fitzgeraldesque neurotic, a rotting and spiteful middle-aged matron and, finally, a spent, sphinx-like widow happily embracing extinction."[51] Herbert Wise directed the drama on television where it was first broadcast in the US as part of PBS's American Playhouse in 1988.[52]
In November 1984, Jackson appeared in the title role of
In 1989, Jackson appeared in Ken Russell's The Rainbow, playing Anna Brangwen, mother of Gudrun, the part for which she had won her first Academy Award twenty years earlier. The same year, she played Martha in a Los Angeles production of Edward Albee's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? at the Doolittle Theatre (now the Ricardo Montalbán Theatre). Directed by the playwright himself, this staging featured John Lithgow as George. Dan Sullivan in the Los Angeles Times wrote that Jackson and Lithgow performed "with the assurance of dedicated character assassins, not your hire-and-salary types" with the actors being able to display their character's capacity for antipathy.[59] Albee was disappointed with this production, pointing to Jackson, whom he thought "had retreated back to the thing she can do very well, that ice cold performance. I don't know whether she got scared, but in rehearsal she was being Martha, and the closer we got to opening the less Martha she was!"[60] She performed the lead role in Howard Barker's Scenes from an Execution as Galactia, a sixteenth-century female Venetian artist, at the Almeida Theatre in 1990.[61] It was an adaptation of Barker's 1984 radio play in which Jackson had played the same role.[62]
2015–2023: Return to acting
In 2015, Jackson returned to acting following a 23-year absence, having retired from politics. She took the role of Dide, the ancient matriarch, in a series of
In 2018, Jackson returned to
In February 2021, it was reported that Jackson would star with
Political career
Jackson joined the Labour Party in the early 1950s, at the age of 16.[83] Her earlier campaigns were not party political. In 1978, she was one of the public figures who lent their name as a sponsor to the Anti-Nazi League.[84] The same year, she appeared in a print advertisement for Oxfam.[85] Jackson was on the executive of the National Association of Voluntary Hostels, and spoke at rallies for the housing charity Shelter. Human rights were also an area of interest, and she joined a demonstration outside the Indonesian Embassy to protest against the detention of political prisoners. She was involved in children's charities, as president of the Toy Libraries Association and as a programme narrator for UNICEF. She also gave time and money to a home for emotionally disturbed children in Berkshire run by former actress Coral Atkins.[86]
Jackson was a supporter of the
Labour Party
Jackson's name was linked to several parliamentary seats over the years; she was approached by a
In 1986, Jackson visited Ethiopia as part of Oxfam's efforts to help with
In December 1989, it was rumoured that Jackson had been approached by two branches of
Jackson later stated that she felt Britain was being "destroyed" by the policies of the then
In Parliament
Jackson retired from acting in 1991 to devote herself to politics full-time as the
Following Labour's landslide victory in the 1997 general election, which saw her comfortably re-elected, she was appointed as a junior minister in the government of Tony Blair,[104] with responsibility in the London Regional Transport.[105] She resigned from the post in 1999 before an unsuccessful attempt to be nominated as the Labour candidate for the election of the first mayor of London in the 2000 London mayoral election. In the 2000 London Labour Party mayoral selection, she came a distant third behind Frank Dobson and Ken Livingstone, being eliminated in the first round of voting with 4.4% of the total.[106] Jackson was once again re-elected to represent her constituency at the 2001 general election.[107]
As a high-profile backbencher, Jackson became a regular critic of Blair over his plans to introduce higher education tuition fees in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. She also called for him to resign following the Judicial Enquiry by Lord Hutton in 2003 surrounding the reasons for going to war in Iraq and the death of government adviser David Kelly.[108][109][110][111] At the subsequent 2005 general election, she held her seat, albeit with a reduced majority and a swing to the Conservatives, who had selected local councillor Piers Wauchope.[112] By October 2005, her disagreements with Blair's leadership swelled to a point where she threatened to challenge the prime minister as a stalking horse candidate in a leadership contest if he did not stand down within a reasonable amount of time.[113] On 31 October 2006, Jackson was one of 12 Labour MPs to back Plaid Cymru and the Scottish National Party's call for an inquiry into the Iraq War.[114]
Her constituency boundaries changed for the
In June 2011, Jackson announced that, presuming the
On 10 April 2013, Jackson delivered a speech in the House of Commons following the
Views
Jackson was a
In the 1992 Labour Party leadership election, Jackson supported the successful candidate, John Smith. In the 1994 leadership election, she backed Tony Blair, who won the contest and subsequently became prime minister.[131] Jackson voiced her support for Blair's successor Gordon Brown as prime minister in 2008.[132] Brown appeared with Jackson on a campaign visit for the 2010 general election, with him describing her as "a very close friend".[133] In the 2010 leadership election, with Brown having stood down, Jackson voted for David Miliband, considered to be more of a political moderate than his younger brother, Ed Miliband, a figure on the party's soft left who was ultimately elected as party leader.[134] Following her departure from Parliament, the Labour Party elected Jeremy Corbyn as its leader. Jackson stated that she supported him "as a person", and would have nominated him in the 2015 leadership election. She qualified her support, adding: "Never in a million years would I have voted for him, though."[129]
In the
Interviewed in July 2020, shortly after Keir Starmer had taken over as party leader from Corbyn, Jackson declared herself happy with him in the role.[137] In July 2022, she commented on Starmer, saying: "I just wish Keir would get someone to help him develop his voice." She called it "one of his big drawbacks".[81] That same month, she said that Parliament had not been welcoming to women when she was voted in during the 1992 general election.[138]
Personal life
Marriage and relationships
In 1957, Jackson met Roy Hodges, a stage manager and fellow actor in their repertory theatre company. The pair soon embarked upon a relationship.
Jackson's marriage was running into difficulties by the early 1970s, and in 1975, she began an affair with Andy Phillips, the lighting director for the production of Hedda Gabler in which she was starring at the time.[145] Hodges sued Jackson for divorce on the grounds of her adultery with Phillips in November that year, and they were divorced in 1976.[145][146] Jackson and Phillips were in an on-off relationship until 1981.[147] It was reported in 2016 that she had been "happily single for decades".[129]
Interests
During the early years of her career, Jackson and her husband lived in
Death
Jackson died at her Blackheath home on 15 June 2023, at the age of 87 following a brief illness.[78] In tribute to Jackson, on the day of her death, the BBC broadcast a repeat of This Cultural Life, her interview with John Wilson first shown in October 2022,[150] followed by the 2019 drama Elizabeth Is Missing.[151]
Acting credits and accolades
Commonwealth honours
- Commonwealth honours
Country | Date | Appointment | Post-nominal letters |
---|---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1978– | Commander of the Order of the British Empire (Civil Division) |
CBE |
Scholastic
- Chancellor, visitor, governor, rector and fellowships
Location | Date | School | Position |
---|---|---|---|
England | Liverpool John Moores University | Honorary Fellow[152] |
Honorary degrees
Location | Date | School | Degree | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
England | 9 July 1978 | University of Liverpool | Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.)[153] | |
United States | 1981 | University of Scranton | Doctorate[154] | |
England | 1987 | Keele University | Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.)[155] | |
England | 1988 | University of Exeter | Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.)[156] | |
England | 1992 | University of Nottingham | Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.)[157] | |
England | 1992 | Durham University | Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.)[158] |
Notes
- Bristol West, as it was the only Conservative-held seat in Bristol prior to the 1979 general election..
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{{cite web}}
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External links
- Glenda Jackson at IMDb
- Glenda Jackson at the Internet Broadway Database
- Glenda Jackson at the BFI's Screenonline
- Glenda Jackson discography at Discogs
- Glenda Jackson in conversation | BFI Q&A
- Camden Labour Party
- Profile at Parliament of the United Kingdom
- Contributions in Parliament at Hansard
- Contributions in Parliament at Hansard 1803–2005
- Voting record at Public Whip
- Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou
- Portraits of Glenda Jackson at the National Portrait Gallery, London