Glimmande nymf

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For the album by Fred Åkerström, see Glimmande nymf (album).
"Glimmande Nymf"
Art song
First page of sheet music for the 1810 edition
EnglishGleaming Nymph
Written1771, revised 1790
Textpoem by Carl Michael Bellman
LanguageSwedish
Melodyfrom Le peintre amoureux de son modèle
Composed1757
Published1790 in Fredman's Epistles
Scoringvoice and cittern

Glimmande Nymf! blixtrande öga! (Gleaming Nymph, flashing eye!), is a song by the Swedish poet and performer

Nordic mythology
.

Bellman's biographer, Paul Britten Austin, calls the song exquisitely delicate. It is innocently worded but clearly erotic; the initial version culminated in an account of orgasm. The mood is conveyed with a description of a rainbow — after sunset, abandoning realism for poetic effect. The melody has been called "languorous and intense".[1]

Context

Swedish ballad tradition and a powerful influence in Swedish music, known for his 1790 Fredman's Epistles and his 1791 Fredman's Songs.[2] A solo entertainer, he played the cittern, accompanying himself as he performed his songs at the royal court.[3][4][5]

Bacchus,[7] a loose company of ragged men who favour strong drink and prostitutes. At the same time as depicting this realist side of life, Bellman creates a rococo picture, full of classical allusion, following the French post-Baroque poets. The women, including the beautiful Ulla Winblad, are "nymphs", while Neptune's festive troop of followers and sea-creatures sport in Stockholm's waters.[8] The juxtaposition of elegant and low life is humorous, sometimes burlesque, but always graceful and sympathetic.[3][9] The songs are "most ingeniously" set to their music, which is nearly always borrowed and skilfully adapted.[10]

Song

Music and verse form

Melody of Epistle 72
The Epistle's "languorous and intense" melody[1]
Problems playing this file? See media help.

The music is in

ariette from an opéra comique, Le peintre amoureux de son modèle by the Italian composer Egidio Duni,[12] which in 1782 was translated into Swedish as Målaren kär i sin modell ("The painter in love with his model"). It had the timbre "Maudit Amour, raison severe" ("Cursed Love, severe Reason").[13]

Lyrics

Although first published in 1790 with the other epistles, Glimmande nymf came to Bellman in 1771, in one of his first attempts at songwriting. The initial version was direct in its description, telling the nymph to "Lay on this chair your robe, trousers, cardigan and skirt". It culminated in an account of the "little death" (

erotic narrative.[14] To convey the desired mood, Bellman creates a rainbow — after sunset: realism is abandoned for poetic effect. Bellman's biographer, Paul Britten Austin, comments that the reader "does not even notice": "Never mind. It is a beautiful scene, even if its chronology calls for much poetic license."[15]

Versions of the first verse
Carl Michael Bellman, 1790[2][16] Eva Toller's prose, 2004[17] Paul Britten Austin's verse, 1967[18]
Glimmande Nymph! blixtrande öga!
Sväfvande Hamn på bolstrarna höga!
   Menlösa styrka!
   Kom, kom nu at dyrka,
   Vid et smalt och utsläckt ljus,
   Sömnens Gud, vår Morpheus.
Luckan ren stängd, Porten tilsluten,
Natthufvan ren din hjässa kringknuten,
Ren Norströms pisk-peruk
den hänger på sin spik.
|: Sof, somna in vid min Musik. :| 		Glittering nymph, (with) flashing eyes,
soaring apparation on the high feather-bed,
   benevolent strength,
   come, come now to worship
   by a thin and extinguished candle
   the god of sleep, our Morpheus!
The shutter is already closed, the gate is locked,
the nightcap is fastened 'round the crown of your head;
already Norström's wig
hangs on its hook.
|: Sleep, fall asleep to my music! :| 		Glimmering nymph, glances so sparkling
Hovering wraith on pillows darkling,
   Innocent temptress
   Come, come now to vespers;
   By a candle's waxy heap,
   Morpheus worship, god of sleep
Lock'd is the door, the shutter in place is;
Drowsy thy head a nightcap embraces;
Now Norström's old peruque
Its rusty nail doth seek.
|: Slumber, sweet nymph, to my musique! :|

Reception

Romanticised painting of a sleeping woman
To a sleeping "nymph". Print, Sleeping woman, by Albert-Émile Artigue [fr], 1899

Britten Austin describes the song as "A lovely night-piece, its exquisite delicacy is best appreciated when considered against the background of its hushed and fragile music."

Maja-Stina Kiellström, aged 27 in June 1771, had become famous as a sexy figure in Bellman's epistles, making her close to unmarriageable, so Bellman found a job for her fiancé, Eric Nordström, and the couple were able to marry.[18]

The scholar of literature

Freya's temple, so, Lönnroth writes, it is open to question whether the printed version was much more proper.[1] The retouching, however, in Lönnroth's view converted "a semi-pornographic bedroom farce",[1] including a collapsing bed, to high erotic art complete with Orphean nature-mysticism, making the song "a demonstration of poetry's ability to immortalise".[1]

Bellman's biographer, Carina Burman, writes that the song's lyrical depiction of the delights of sexual intercourse is one of the real jewels of Swedish literature, but that the summer 1771 draft differs markedly from the final version. The first verse invited the nymph to lay her clothes on a chair and fall asleep to "my violin", which Burman describes as phallic, rather than noting prosaically that Norström's wig was hanging on its hook, and inviting Norström's wife to go to sleep to "my music". The second verse, too, is much toned down in the familiar final version. The verse ended not with the account of the rainbow, but with an exhortation to the nymph to open her bed and to hear "my violin, strong as a bassoon". Burman comments that the violin comes out again, strong and erect.[19]

Epistle 72 has been recorded by Fred Åkerström as the title track on his album called Glimmande nymf, and by Cornelis Vreeswijk.[20]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Lönnroth 2005, pp. 309–314.
  2. ^ a b Bellman 1790.
  3. ^
    Bellman Society. Archived from the original
    on 10 August 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  4. ^ "Bellman in Mariefred". The Royal Palaces [of Sweden]. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  5. ISBN 978-0131369207
    .
  6. ^ Britten Austin 1967, pp. 60–61.
  7. ^ Britten Austin 1967, p. 39.
  8. ^ Britten Austin 1967, pp. 81–83, 108.
  9. ^ Britten Austin 1967, pp. 71–72 "In a tissue of dramatic antitheses—furious realism and graceful elegance, details of low-life and mythological embellishments, emotional immediacy and ironic detachment, humour and melancholy—the poet presents what might be called a fragmentary chronicle of the seedy fringe of Stockholm life in the 'sixties.".
  10. ^ Britten Austin 1967, p. 63.
  11. ^ Hassler & Dahl 1989, p. 170.
  12. ^ "Fredmans Epistel N:o 72". Bellman.net. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  13. ^ Massengale 1979, p. 200.
  14. ^ Stenström, Johan (22 March 2005). "Ljuva karneval! Om Carl Michael Bellmans diktning Bellman bakom maskerna". Svenska Dagbladet. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
  15. ^ Britten Austin 1967, p. 132.
  16. ^ Hassler & Dahl 1989, pp. 169–172.
  17. ^ Toller, Eva (2004). "Glittering Nymph - Epistle No. 72". Eva Toller. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  18. ^ a b c Britten Austin 1967, pp. 87–88
  19. ^ Burman 2019, pp. 477–480.
  20. ^ Hassler & Dahl 1989, p. 284.

Sources

External links
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