Global Polio Eradication Initiative
Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) | |
---|---|
Country | Worldwide |
Launched | 1988 |
Website | Official website |
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative is an initiative created in 1988, just after the
History
In 1987 Rotary International began a campaign to raise U.S. $100 million by its 100th anniversary, for the purpose of dealing with global polio.[3] The following year, the World Health Assembly voted for the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. At the time, there were 125 countries with endemic polio.[4] Efforts were built upon those used to control wild poliovirus in the Americas in the early 1980s, and on lessons from smallpox eradication.[1] Its first coordinator was Nick Ward.[5]
Strategy and structure
The strategy for the eradication of polio rests on immunising every at-risk child until there is no one left for the disease to transmit to, and the disease eventually dies out.
The initiative is spearheaded by the following organisations in the form of
- WHO (World Health Organization), who are responsible for planning, technical direction, surveillance and eradication certification
- Rotary International, whose responsibilities include fundraising, advocacy, and volunteer recruitment
- The CDC, who are in charge of deploying scientists and public health experts to WHO and UNICEF
- UNICEF is in charge of the distribution of the vaccine and helping countries develop communication and awareness strategies.
- The Gates Foundation provided a large portion of the funding.[6]
Key tactics used by the GPEI include strengthening childhood immunisation through oral vaccines, conducting surveillance through investigation of
Funding
At the peak of its work, the programme directly employed 4000 people across 75 countries and managed a budget of nearly U.S. $1 billion.[8]
As of 2021[update], the GPEI had raised 18 billion dollars in funding,
Evaluation
In 1995 the Global Certification Commission was created to oversee the certification of the eradication of wild-type poliovirus transmissions. Certification for the six WHO regions requires all of the countries in that region to be certified by the commission. By 2000, both the regions of the Western Pacific and the Americas met the criteria to be certified free of polio transmissions.[11] By 2012 the initial number of estimated cases in 1988 of 350,000 across 125 endemic countries had dropped to 650 confirmed cases. As of 2020[update], five of the six WHO regions are now certified polio-eradicated (Europe, the Americas, Africa, South-East Asian, and Western Pacific Region). India was certified polio-free in 2014,[12] and Africa was declared polio free in 2020.[13] The only countries with endemic polio were Afghanistan and Pakistan as of 2021[update].[14]
See also
- Eradication of infectious diseases
- The Final Inch, a short documentary about the effort to eradicate polio
- List of diseases eliminated from the United States
References
- ^ PMID 22486981.
- PMID 21029809.
- ISBN 978-0-87553-186-1.
- ISBN 978-0-262-01673-5.
- ^ "Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication" Archived October 8, 2020, at the Wayback Machine. Fifteenth meeting of the European Regional Certification Commission Copenhagen, 19–21 June 2002, p. 25
- ^ "Unicef's Engagement in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative" (PDF). Unicef.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 11, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
- S2CID 37377866.
- ISBN 978-0-262-01673-5.
- ^ "GPEI-Historical Contributions, 1988-2020".
- ^ "Vaccination funding landscape". Givewell.org. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
- PMID 11731948.
- ^ "Marking five years of polio-free certification, WHO South-East Asia Region uses polio legacy to enhance overall immunization".
- ^ "Africa eradicates wild poliovirus". October 10, 2023.
- ^ "Data Monitoring". Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Retrieved June 20, 2016.