Glottal consonant
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Glottal consonants are consonants using the glottis as their primary articulation. Many phoneticians consider them, or at least the glottal fricative, to be transitional states of the glottis without a point of articulation as other consonants have, while some[who?] do not consider them to be consonants at all. However, glottal consonants behave as typical consonants in many languages. For example, in Literary Arabic, most words are formed from a root C-C-C consisting of three consonants, which are inserted into templates such as /CaːCiC/ or /maCCuːC/. The glottal consonants /h/ and /ʔ/ can occupy any of the three root consonant slots, just like "normal" consonants such as /k/ or /n/.
The glottal consonants in the International Phonetic Alphabet are as follows:
IPA | Description | Example | |||
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Language | Orthography | IPA | Meaning | ||
ʔ | glottal stop | Hawaiian | ‘okina | [ʔo.ˈki.na] | ʻOkina |
ɦ | breathy-voiced glottal fricative | Czech | Praha | [ˈpra.ɦa] | Prague |
h | voiceless glottal fricative | English | hat | [ˈhæt] | hat |
ʔ͡h | voiceless glottal affricate | Yuxi dialect | 可 | [ʔ͡ho˥˧] | 'can, may' |
ʔ̞ | voiced glottal approximant
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Gimi | [ example needed ]
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Characteristics
In many languages, the "fricatives" are not true
The
Because the glottis is necessarily closed for the glottal stop, it cannot be voiced. So-called voiced glottal stops are not full stops, but rather
See also
References
- ^ Grønnum (2005:125)
- Grønnum, Nina (2005), Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, ISBN 87-500-3865-6
- ISBN 0-631-19814-8.