Gloucester Cathedral
Gloucester Cathedral | |
---|---|
Cathedral Church of St Peter and the Holy and Indivisible Trinity | |
COO) | |
Lay member(s) of chapter | Canon Peter Clark, Canon John Coates, Canon Paul Mason[3][4] |
Listed Building – Grade I | |
Official name | Cathedral Church of the Holy and Indivisible Trinity |
Designated | 23 January 1952 |
Reference no. | 1245952 |
Gloucester Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of St Peter and the Holy and Indivisible Trinity, in
Serlo's efforts transformed the abbey's fortunes; rising revenues and royal patronage enabled the construction of a major church. William the Conqueror held his Christmas Court at the chapter house in 1085, at which he ordered the compilation of Domesday Book. In October 1216, Henry III was crowned at the abbey. Following another disastrous fire in 1222, an ambitious rebuilding programme was begun. In the 14th century, the Great and Little Cloisters were constructed, displaying the earliest, and perhaps the finest, examples of fan vaulting anywhere. The cathedral contains the shrine of Edward II, who was murdered at Berkeley Castle nearby.
Following the
The cathedral is a
History
Early history
The first recorded religious building on the site was a minster founded by
St Peter's Abbey had long enjoyed important royal connections, from its foundation, then under the patronage of the Conqueror, and in October 1216 it was chosen as the venue for the coronation of Henry III, after the death of his father, King John.[13] The nine-year old boy was crowned in the presence of his mother Isabella, whose bracelet was reputedly used in place of a crown.[5] The abbey's royal connections continued, albeit in a darker vein, in the following century. In 1327, Edward II was buried in an elaborate shrine at Gloucester, following his death at Berkeley Castle nearby. Widely believed to have been murdered,[12] Edward was entombed at Gloucester in a lavish ceremony attended by his widow, Isabella and their young son, Edward. The abbey reputedly benefitted from substantial gifts donated by those making pilgrimage to Edward's shrine, although this is disputed. Nikolaus Pevsner suggests that the more likely source of revenue was the new king, making donations in piam memoriam.[14] Others support the traditional claim, and Jon Cannon, in his work, Cathedral: The great English cathedrals and the world that made them, is certain that the presence of the body of the dead king had a long-term, beneficial, impact on the abbey's fortunes, citing Henry VIII's later decision to make it a cathedral, on account of the presence of "many famous monuments of our renowned ancestors, kings of England."[15]
However occasioned, the cathedral's improved financial position enabled another great period of building. This work included the cloisters, with their famed fan vaulting.[16] St Peter's was unusual as a religious foundation in commissioning its own history, the Historia Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucestriae. Its author, Walter Frocester (died 1412), became its first mitred abbot in 1381.[17]
Dependencies
- In 1134, William Fitznorman gave the church of St David, Kilpeck, and the Chapel of St Mary at Kilpeck Castle to Gloucester Abbey, and a priory cell was established about 400 yards south east of the church, to house some monks displaced from Llanthony Priory by attacks of the Welsh. Kilpeck Priory closed in 1422.[18]
- The Priory of Saints Peter, Paul and Guthlac in Hereford was a dependency of Gloucester Abbey.[19]
- St. Michael to the abbey of St. Peter at Gloucester, together with the church of St Brides Major and the chapel at Ogmore "in order that a convent of monks might be formed".[20]
- In 1146 the college of Augustinian canons at Stanley St. Leonard was given to the monastery by Roger de Berkeley III, with the consent of the prior and canons, and became St. Leonard Priory. His grandfather, Roger de Berkeley I, had retired as a monk to St Peter's Abbey around 1091.[21]
Dissolution and recreation
At its inception, the abbey stood in the
The 18th and 19th centuries saw repeated periods of reconstruction, renovation and rebuilding. Counter to the approach sometimes adopted elsewhere in the
Modern period
The cathedral celebrated its 900th anniversary in 1989. In 2015 Rachel Treweek was installed as bishop, the first woman to be appointed to a diocesan bishopric in the history of the Church of England.[26] In September 2016 Gloucester Cathedral joined the Church of England's 'Shrinking the footprint' campaign, intended to reduce the Church of England's carbon emissions by 80% by 2050. The cathedral commissioned a solar array on the cathedral roof which is expected to reduce the cathedral's energy costs by 25%.[27] The installation was completed by November 2016, making the 1,000-year-old cathedral the oldest one in the UK with a solar installation.[28][29]
Architecture
Main building
The cathedral consists of a
The crypt, nave and chapter house date from the late 11th century. The crypt is one of the four
. The nave was begun in 1089. The church was largely complete by 1100. In the early 12th century, the western towers were added; the south tower collapsed around 1165.In 1222, a fire damaged the timber roof and several of the monastic buildings. To repair the damage and update the architectural style, an ambitious building campaign was launched, including the revaulting of the nave Early English style (completed 1243); the construction of the central tower (begun 1237); the rebuilding of the collapsed south tower (completed 1246); and the rebuilding of the refectory.[9]
The south aisle was rebuilt in 1318–29. The most notable monument is the canopied shrine of
Between 1873 and 1890, and in 1897, the cathedral was extensively restored by George Gilbert Scott. The cathedral has forty-six 14th-century misericords and twelve 19th-century replacements by Gilbert Scott. Both types have a wide range of subject matter: mythology, everyday occurrences, religious symbolism and folklore.[34]
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The quire with the Great East Window behind - in 1350, when installed, it was the largest window in the world
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The West Window
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The quire's vaulted ceiling
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The nave looking east toward the choir
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Facing west towards the choir, with the organ above
Cloisters and cathedral precincts
The cloisters at Gloucester are the earliest surviving fan vaults in England, having been designed between 1351 and 1377 by Thomas de Cantebrugge.[35][d] David Verey and Alan Brooks, in the 2002 revised volume, Gloucestershire 2: The Vale and the Forest of Dean, in the Pevsner Buildings of England series, call them "the most memorable in England".[37] The cathedral itself suggests that they form "the first and best example of fan vaulting in the world".[38][e] The cloisters stand to the north of the cathedral and, along with the cathedral precincts to the north and east, contain a number of listed buildings. The Great Cloister itself is listed at Grade I,[39] as are the Little Cloister[40] and Little Cloister House,[41] the remains of a reservoir in the north-west corner of the Great Cloister[42] and a passage from the cloister to the former Infirmary,[43] the remains of the infirmary itself,[44] and the north Precinct Wall.[45]
The other major structures within the precincts are the
Other structures in the precincts now form part of
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The Great Cloister
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Another view
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Another view
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Fan vaulting
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Exterior
College Green and Miller's Green
College Green lies to the south and west of the cathedral, forming its cathedral close.[55] It was originally the site of a series of monastic graveyards, but was largely rebuilt in the 18th century when many of the buildings were converted to domestic use.[55] Miller's Green forms a close to the north of the cathedral and was originally the monastic service court. Both Miller's Green and College Green contain a large number of Listed buildings. College Green is entered through St Michael's Gate, which dates from the 14th century and is listed at Grade I.[56] No.s 1,[57] 2,[58] 3,[59] and 4[60] are listed Grade II and stand between St Michael's Gate and King Edward's Gate, which dates from the 16th century, was subject to a major restoration in the 19th century and is listed at II*.[61] No.s 6,[62] 7,[63] and 8 conclude the south-western edge of the green and are all listed at Grade II.[64] No.9 College Green begins the western range of the close and is listed Grade II*.[65] The western range includes No.s 10,[66] 11,[67] 12, Beaufort House,[68] and 13,[69] all of which are listed at Grade II, and concludes with No. 14, which is listed Grade II*.[70] The close is then broken by St Mary's Gateway, a scheduled monument.[71] The War Memorial to the Royal Gloucestershire Hussars Yeomanry, a Grade II* listed structure, stands in the centre of College Green.[72] The northern side of College Green concludes with No. 15, Community House, which is Grade II listed,[73] and Church House, which was originally the Abbot's Lodge and is now utilised as offices and a restaurant and is listed at Grade I.[74] On the south-eastern edge of the Green, No.s 17,[75] 18[76] and 19[77] are listed at Grade II, while 20 College Green is Grade II*.[78]
Miller's Green is entered through the Inner Gateway, between Community House and No. 7, Miller's Green. The gateway dates from the 14th century and formed the gatehouse to the monastic service court. It is a Grade I listed building,[79] while No. 7 is listed at Grade II.[80] Other buildings on Miller's Green include the Deanery, listed at Grade II*,[81] the Old Mill House, No. 2 Miller's Green, listed at Grade II,[82] and No.s 3,[83] 4A,[84] 4B,[85] 5[86] and 6,[87] all listed at Grade II.
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No. 9, College Green
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No. 14, College Green
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The war memorial on College Green
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The Deanery, No. 1, Miller's Green
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The Mediaeval House
Dean and chapter
- Dean — Andrew Zihni (since 23 April 2023)[88]
- Canon Precentor & Director of Congregational Development — Craig Huxley-Jones (since 23 July 2023 installation)[89]
- Canon Chancellor — Celia Thomson (since 15 March 2003 installation; previously Pastor)[90]
- City Centre Rector (Diocesan Canon) — Nikki Arthy (since 2009; Rector of St Mary de Lode, St Mary de Crypt and Hempsted)
- Archdeacon of Gloucester (Diocesan Canon) — Hilary Dawson (since 27 January 2019 collation)
Music
Choir
In medieval times, daily worship was sung by boys and monks from the abbey. The cathedral's current choir was established by King
Organ
The cathedral's first organ was built by Thomas Harris in 1666. Its original case remains complete, the only such surviving example from the 17th century in England. The pipes displayed on the front of the case are still functional. Over the following four centuries many of the major English organ builders have made contributions to the organ, including modifications in 1847 and a complete rebuild between 1888-1889 by Henry "Father" Willis.[92][93] Harrison & Harrison undertook a further reconstruction in 1920.[94]
In 1971 Hill, Norman and Beard, working with the cathedral's organist John Sanders, and a consultant, Ralph Downes, completely redesigned the instrument, which was again overhauled in 1999 by Nicholson & Co. In 2010 Nicholson's added a Trompette Harmonique solo reed.[94] As of 2023, the organ is out of commission, but the cathedral has contracted with Nicholsons for the latest reconstruction to be completed by the time of the next Three Choirs' Festival in 2026.[94]
Organists
In 1582, Robert Lichfield is recorded as the organist of Gloucester Cathedral. Notable among the organists are composers and choral conductors of the
Three Choirs Festival
An annual musical festival, the Three Choirs Festival, is hosted by turns in this cathedral and those of Worcester and Hereford in rotation.[95] The Three Choirs is the oldest annual musical festival in the world.
Clock and bells
Clock
The cathedral's clock, bells and the chimes are referred to in a repair agreement of 1525. The present clock, installed in 1898, is by Dent and Co, who built the clock for Big Ben. There is no external dial, but there is a fine Art Nouveau clock face in the north transept, dating from 1903, designed by Henry Wilson.[96]
Bells
The bells were rehung and augmented in 1978 to give a ring of twelve. The two oldest bells date from before 1420, so they are older than the present tower. The bells are rung 'full circle' by the cathedral's band of ringers for the weekly practice session In addition there is Great Peter, the largest medieval bell in Britain, weighing a fraction under three tons. Great Peter is the hour bell and can also be heard ringing before the main services.[97]
Burials and monuments
Gloucester Cathedral has a large collection of funerary monuments from the Middle Ages to the present. Notable people buried at Gloucester Cathedral include:
- Osric, King of the Hwicce
- Robert Curthose, eldest son of William the Conqueror
- Edward II of England, 6th Plantagenet King of England (1307–1327)
- John Wakeman, last Abbot of Tewkesbury and first Bishop of Gloucester (1541–1550)
- James Brooks, Bishop of Gloucester (1554–1558)
- Richard Cheyney, Bishop of Gloucester (1562–1579)
- John Bullingham, Bishop of Gloucester (1581–1598)
- Members of the Hyett family from the 17th and 18th centuries, whose remains were discovered accidentally in November 2015[98]
- William Nicholson, Bishop of Gloucester (1660–1672)
- Martin Benson, Bishop of Gloucester (1734–1752)
- Richard Pate, landowner and MP for Gloucester
- Thomas Machen, mercer who was mayor of Gloucester three times and one time MP for the city
- Dorothea Beale, Principal of the Cheltenham Ladies' College, educational reformer and suffragist
- Ralph Bigland, Garter Principal King of Arms (1712–1784)
- Miles Nightingall, British army general (1768–1829)
- Albert Mansbridge, pioneer of adult education in Britain (1876–1952)
- John Yates, Bishop of Gloucester (1925–2008)
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Tomb of Osric, King of the Hwicce
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Tomb of Robert Curthose
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Tomb of Edward II of England
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Tomb of Thomas Machen
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Detail of monument to Sarah Morley by John Flaxman
Film and television location
The cathedral has been used as a filming location for movies and for TV including: the first, second and sixth Harry Potter movies;[99] the Doctor Who episodes The Next Doctor[100][101] and the Fugitive of the Judoon;[102] The Hollow Crown;[103] Wolf Hall;[104] the Sherlock special The Abominable Bride;[105][106] Mary Queen of Scots;[107] and all three of The Cousins' War adaptations – The White Queen,[108] The White Princess[109] and The Spanish Princess.[110]
Academic use
Degree ceremonies of the
Timeline
- 678-79 A small religious community was founded in Anglo-Saxon times by Osric of the Hwicce. His sister Kyneburga was the first abbess.
- 1017 Secular priests expelled; the monastery given to Benedictinemonks.
- 1072 Serlo, the first Norman William I.
- 1089 Foundation stone of the new abbey church laid by Robert de Losinga, Bishop of Hereford.
- 1100 Consecration of St Peter's Abbey.
- 1216 First coronation of Henry III.
- 1327 Burial of Edward II.
- 1331 Perpendicular remodelling of the quire.
- 1373 Great Cloister[38] begun by Abbot Horton; completed by Abbott Frouster (1381–1412)
- 1420 West End rebuilt by Abbot Morwent.
- 1450 Tower begun by Abbot Sebrok; completed by Robert Tully.
- 1470 Lady Chapel rebuilt by Abbot Hanley; completed by Abbot Farley (1472–98).
- 1540 Dissolution of the abbey.
- 1541 Refounded as a cathedral by Henry VIII.
- 1616–1621 William Laud holds the office of Dean of Gloucester
- 1649–1660 Abolition of dean and chapter, reinstated by Charles II
- 1666 Installation of Great Organ by Thomas Harris
- 1735–1752 Martin Benson, Bishop of Gloucester, carried out major repairs and alterations to the cathedral.
- 1847–1873 Beginning of extensive Victorian restoration work (Frederick S. Waller and George Gilbert Scott, architects).
- 1953 Major appeal for the restoration of the cathedral; renewed
- 1968 Cathedral largely re-roofed and other major work completed.
- 1989 900th anniversary appeal.
- 1994 Restoration of tower completed.
- 2000 Celebration of the novecentennial of the consecration of St Peter's Abbey.
- 2015 Installation of Rachel Treweek as the Church of England’s first female diocesan bishop.[26]
See also
- Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England
- Gothic cathedrals and churches
- List of Gothic Cathedrals in Europe
- List of cathedrals in the United Kingdom
- List of tallest structures built before the 20th century
- Christopher Whall works in Gloucester Cathedral
Notes
- ^ The history of the early church is made more complicated by its intermingling with that of St Oswald's Priory. This foundation was established in around 909 by Æthelflæd, daughter of Alfred the Great, but was also dedicated to St Peter. Over the following centuries, as the abbey grew in wealth and importance, it incorporated elements of the priory.[9]
- ^ On Walter de Lacy's death in 1085, he was buried in the chapter house at Gloucester and his son later became abbot there.[11]
- ^ George Gilbert Scott's plans for the restoration of Tewkesbury Abbey saw a furious assault from William Morris, who subsequently founded the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings to fight against the "scraping" he considered was so often the result of Victorian restoration.[24]
- ^ Thomas of Catebrugge (of Canterbury) also undertook work at Hereford Cathedral.[36]
- ^ Gloucester Cathedral also has a Little Cloister, extending from the northeast corner of the Great Cloisters.[38]
References
- ^ Heighway 2003, p. 48.
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- ^ a b c d e Verey & Brooks 2002a, p. 395.
- ^ Page 1907, pp. 53–61.
- ^ Knowles, Brooke & London 1972, p. 52.
- ^ Pevsner & Metcalf 2005, p. 100.
- ^ a b Herbert 1988, pp. 275–288.
- ^ a b Pevsner & Metcalf 2005, p. 101.
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- ^ a b Cannon 2011, p. 339.
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- ^ Pevsner & Metcalf 2005, p. 104.
- ^ Cannon 2011, p. 345.
- ^ a b c Verey & Brooks 2002a, p. 398.
- ^ Gransden 2013, p. 391.
- ^ Bailey 2000, p. ?.
- ^ "St Guthlacs Priory". PastScape.org.uk. Historic England. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
- ^ Newman 1995, p. 343.
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- ^ Pevsner & Metcalf 2005, p. 106.
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- ^ Stamp 2015, pp. 12–13.
- ^ a b Shenton 2021, pp. 201–202.
- ^ a b Ward, Victoria (26 March 2015). "Church of England names first female bishop to sit in the House of Lords". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
- ^ "Let there be light – 1000 year old Gloucester Cathedral becomes the oldest building of its type in the world to install solar PV". MyPower.com. Archived from the original on 8 September 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
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- ^ Welander 1991, p. ?.
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- ^ Harvey 1978, p. ?.
- ^ Pevsner & Metcalf 2005, p. 130.
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- ^ a b c "The Cloister Project". gloucestercathedral.org.uk. 29 September 2022. Archived from the original on 22 August 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Cloister and lavatorium (Grade I) (1245954)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Little Cloister (Grade I) (1271578)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Little Cloister House (Grade I) (1271579)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Remains of reservoir, NW corner of cloister (Grade I) (1245955)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Passage from the Cloister to the Infirmary (Grade I) (1271582)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Remains of Monastic Infirmary (Grade I) (1271583)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "North Precinct Wall (Grade I) (1271580)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Cathedral Treasury, Vestry and Library (Grade I) (1245956)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ Historic England. "Cathedral Chapter House (Grade I) (1245953)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Remains of Abbott's Lodgings (Grade II*) (1245960)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Dulverton House (Grade II*) (1245957)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "King's School Gymnasium (Grade II) (1245961)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Former Coachhouse at Dulverton House (Grade II) (1245958)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Wardle House (Grade II) (1271584)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Palace Cottage (Grade I) (1271581)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Railings to school playground on north side of gymnasium (Grade II) (1271576)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ a b Verey & Brooks 2002a, p. 435.
- ^ Historic England. "St Michael's Gate, College Green (Grade I) (1245905)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "1, College Green (Grade II) (1271593)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "2, College Green (Grade II) (1271594)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "3, College Green (Grade II) (1271595)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "4, College Green (Grade II) (1271596)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "King Edward's Gate, College Green (Grade II*) (1245909)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "6, College Green (Grade II) (1271597)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "7, 7A, 7B, 7C, College Green (Grade II) (1271598)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "8, 8A, College Green (Grade II) (1271599)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "9, College Green (Grade II*) (1271600)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "10, College Green (Grade II) (1271601)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "11, College Green (Grade II) (1271602)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Beaufort House, 12 College Green (Grade II) (1271603)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "13, College Green (Grade II) (1245895)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "14, College Green (Grade II*) (1245896)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "St Mary's Gateway (Grade SM) (1002120)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "War Memorial to the Royal Gloucestershire Hussars Yeomanry (Grade II*) (1245906)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Community House, 15 College Green (Grade II) (1245898)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Church House, 16 College Green (Grade I) (1245900)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "17, College Green (Grade II) (1245901)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "18, College Green (Grade II) (1245902)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "19, College Green (Grade II) (1245903)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "20, College Green (Grade II*) (1245904)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Inner Gate (Grade I) (1245899)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "7, Miler's Green (Grade II) (1271719)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "The Deanery, 1 Miller's Green (Grade II*) (1271712)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "The Old Mill House, 2 Miller's Green (Grade II) (1271713)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "3, Miller's Green (Grade II) (1271714)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "4A, Miller's Green (Grade II) (1271715)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "4B, Miller's Green (Grade II) (1271716)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "5, Miller's Green (Grade II) (1271717)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "6, Miller's Green (Grade II) (1271718)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ "Zihni installed as the 39th Dean of Gloucester". Gloucester Cathedral. 26 April 2023. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ^ "Gloucester Cathedral announces new Canon Precentor". Gloucester Cathedral. 23 July 2023. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
- ^ "Christ Church West Wimbledon — Information, Candlemas 2003" (PDF). Christchurch-westwimbledon.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^ "Gloucester Cathedral | Cathedral Choir". www.gloucestercathedral.org.uk. Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- ^ "The National Pipe Organ Register". Npor.org.uk. Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- ^ "The National Pipe Organ Register". Npor.org.uk. Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- ^ a b c "Gloucester Cathedral – Organ". Gloucestercathedral.org.uk. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ^ "Three Choirs Festival". Archived from the original on 18 April 1999. Retrieved 16 January 2009.
- ^ Verey & Brooks 2002b, p. 23.
- ^ "Clock, Bells & Chimes". Gloucester Cathedral. Archived from the original on 27 October 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
- ^ "Burial vault discovered 'accidentally' at Gloucester Cathedral". BBC News. 2 November 2015. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
- ^ "The Harry Potter trail at Gloucester Cathedral". BBC Gloucestershire. Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ "Gloucester Cathedral 'should be heritage site'". BBC Gloucestershire. January 2014. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ^ "Gloucester on film". Thecityofgloucester.co.uk. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016.
- ^ Norris, Phil (21 January 2020). "Doctor Who in Gloucester: This is probably the strangest thing you'll ever see in a cafe". Gloucestershire Live. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
- ^ "It was a case of 'once more into the breach' for Gloucester Cathedral which has provided the backdrop for another star studded drama". Gloucestershire Live. 20 January 2012. Archived from the original on 5 May 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
- ^ "The stately homes of Wolf Hall". BBC News. 7 September 2018. Archived from the original on 8 September 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ^ "Sherlock watch: Benedict Cumberbatch and Martin Freeman set for filming in Gloucester Cathedral". Gloucester Citizen. 22 January 2015. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- ^ "Sherlock stars back filming at Gloucester Cathedral today". Gloucester Citizen. 23 January 2015. Archived from the original on 26 January 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ Hughes, Janet (15 July 2018). "Spot Gloucester Cathedral in trailer for £180million Margot Robbie blockbuster Mary Queen of Scots". Gloucestershire Live. Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
- ^ "Gloucester Cathedral Engagement". Gloucester Catherdral Twitter account. 8 April 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ "Gloucester Cathedral plays host to actors filming 'White Queen' sequel". ITV News. 13 June 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ "Filmed In Gloucester". Film Gloucester. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ "University announces honorary awards". University of Gloucestershire. 2 September 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
The graduation ceremonies will take place at Gloucester Cathedral on Thursday November 19 and Friday November 20, 2020
- ^ "Hartpury University Graduation". Hartpury University and Hartpury College. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
Award ceremonies at Gloucester Cathedral on 3–5 November 2021
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Sources
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Further reading
- Simmons, D A (1962). Who's who in music and musicians' international directory (4th. ed.). OCLC 12923270.