Gopi

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For other uses, see Gopi (disambiguation).
Gopis
Kartik Purnima, Holi, Lathmar Holi
Personal information
Born
Braj
ConsortKrishna
Part of a series on
Vaishnavism
Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet.
Supreme deity
Vishnu / Krishna / Rama
Important deities
Dashavatara
Other forms
Consorts
Related
Holy scriptures
Puranas
Sampradayas
Others
Teachers—acharyas
Related traditions

Gopi (

IAST: Gopī) or Gopika in Hinduism are worshipped as the consorts and devotees of Krishna within the Vaishnavism and Krishnaism traditions for their unconditional love and devotion (Bhakti) to god Krishna as described in the Sanskrit scriptures like Bhagavata Purana and other Puranic literature.[2] Gopis are often considered as the expansion of goddess Radha, the chief consort of Krishna.[3][4] The Raslila of gopis with Krishna has inspired various traditional performance art forms and literatures.[5]

According to Indian philosopher, Jiva Goswami, gopis are considered as the eternal beloved and manifestations of the internal spiritual potency of Krishna. Among the gopis, Radha is the chief gopi and is the personification of the bliss potency (hladini shakti) of Krishna.[6] She alone manifests the stage of mahabhava, or supreme love for Krishna, and holds a place of particularly high reverence and importance in a number of religious traditions.[7]

Etymology

Gopi (गोपी) is a Sanskrit word originating from the word Gopa. In Hinduism, the name Gopika or Gopi is especially used to refer the milkmaids of Braj region.[8] The word Gopis in the plural refers to the group of cowherd women who possess devotion toward Krishna. When it is used in the singular ("Gopi"), it generally refers to Radha, who was the Krishna's favourite gopi.[9]

Prominent gopis

The prominent gopis of

Radharani who is considered as the chief of gopis. Their names are as follows:[11]

  • Radha (Chief gopi, Krishna's favourite)
  • Lalita
  • Vishakha
  • Champakalata
  • Chitra
  • Tungavidya
  • Indulekha
  • Rangadevi
  • Sudevi

All the eight primary gopis are together called as the Ashtasakhis (eight friends) of Radha and Krishna.

Unconditional love

Radha Krishna with gopis

According to Hindu Vaishnava theology, the stories concerning the gopis are said to exemplify

Suddha-bhakti which is described as 'the highest form of unconditional love for God (Krishna). Their spontaneous and unwavering devotion is described in depth in the later chapters of the Bhagavata Purana, within Krishna's Vrindavan pastimes and also in the stories of the sage Uddhava.[11]

For Vaishnava traditions, the most important representation of the gopis' love and devotion for Krishna is a story in the Bhagavata Purana (10.29-33) by the name of Rasa Lila Panchadhyaya, which translates as "the five chapters on the story of the rasa dance". The bhakti or devotion that the gopis express in this story is believed by the Chaitanya tradition to exemplify the highest form of bhakti. In the story, Krishna's flute music attracts the gopis' attention, making them leave behind their families and homes so that they can enjoy devotion of Krishna[9]:

Upon hearing that sweet music,

their passion for him swelling,

The young women of Braj whose

minds were captured by Krishna,

Unaware of one another,

ran off toward the place

Where their beloved was waiting,

with their earrings swinging wildly (Bhagavata Purana 10.29.4)

Gallery

  • Gopika Radha with Gopal Krishna, a 1915 painting
    Gopika Radha with Gopal Krishna, a 1915 painting
  • Krishna and Gopis, 18th century watercolour in the Bodleian Library
    Krishna and Gopis, 18th century watercolour in the Bodleian Library
  • 19th century Rajasthan painting depicting Krishna and Gopis
    19th century Rajasthan painting depicting Krishna and Gopis
  • 1610 painting of Krishna stealing clothes of Gopis
    1610 painting of Krishna stealing clothes of Gopis
  • Raslila of Krishna with Radha and gopis
    Raslila of Krishna with Radha and gopis
  • Gopi Talab dedicated to gopis in Dwarka
    Gopi Talab dedicated to gopis in Dwarka

See also

References

  1. ISBN 1576073556
    .
  2. S2CID 192161968
    .
  3. ISBN 978-1-57607-355-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link
    )
  4. ISBN 978-81-208-0945-1
    . Radha expresses herself in the multiple forms of gopis
  5. ISBN 978-1-4828-1690-7
    .
  6. JSTOR 23341400
    .
  7. ISBN 978-019-514891-6
    .
  8. S2CID 192161968
    .
  9. ^
    OCLC 181731713
    .
  10. ^ "Gopis".
  11. ^
    ISBN 978-1-61069-211-3.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link
    )

External links

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