Gothenburg
Gothenburg
Göteborg | |
---|---|
![]() Clockwise, from top: , The Göteborg Opera | |
![]() ![]() Gothenburg Location within Sweden | |
Coordinates: 57°42′27″N 11°58′03″E / 57.70750°N 11.96750°E | |
Country | ![]() UTC+2 (CEST ) |
Postal code | 40xxx – 41xxx – 421xx – 427xx |
Area code | (+46) 31 |
Website |
Gothenburg (
Gothenburg was founded as a heavily fortified, primarily Dutch, trading colony, by
Gothenburg is home to many students, as the city includes the
Gothenburg is served by
The city hosts the
During 2020, Gothenburg's population increased by 3,775 inhabitants.[12]
Name
The city was named Göteborg in the city's charter in 1621
Both the Swedish and German/English names were in use before 1621 and had already been used for the previous city founded in 1604 that burned down in 1611.
The city council of 1641 consisted of four Swedish, three Dutch, three German, and two Scottish members. In
In 2009, the city council launched a new logotype for Gothenburg. Since the name "Göteborg" contains the Swedish letter "ö", they planned to make the name more "international" and "up to date" by turning the "ö" sideways. As of 2015[update], the name is spelled "Go:teborg" on a large number of signs in the city.[22]
History
In the
The site of the first church built in Gothenburg, subsequently destroyed by Danish invaders, is marked by a stone near the north end of the Älvsborg Bridge in the Färjenäs Park. The church was built in 1603 and destroyed in 1611.[24] The city was heavily influenced by the Dutch, Germans, and Scots, and Dutch planners and engineers were contracted to construct the city as they had the skills needed to drain and build in the marshy areas chosen for the city. The town was designed like Dutch cities such as Amsterdam, Batavia (Jakarta) and New Amsterdam (Manhattan).[23] The planning of the streets and canals of Gothenburg closely resembled that of Jakarta, which was built by the Dutch around the same time.[25] The Dutchmen initially won political power, and it was not until 1652, when the last Dutch politician in the city's council died, that Swedes acquired political power over Gothenburg.[26]
Along with the Dutch, the town also was heavily influenced by Scots who settled down in Gothenburg. Many became people of high-profile.[28] William Chalmers, the son of a Scottish immigrant, donated his fortunes to set up what later became the Chalmers University of Technology.[29] In 1841, the Scotsman Alexander Keiller founded the Götaverken shipbuilding company that was in business until 1989.[30] His son James Keiller donated Keiller Park to the city in 1906.[31]
The Gothenburg coat of arms was based on the lion of the coat of arms of Sweden, symbolically holding a shield with the national emblem, the Three Crowns, to defend the city against its enemies.[32]
In the Treaty of Roskilde (1658), Denmark–Norway ceded the Danish province of Halland, in the south, and the Norwegian province of Bohus County or Bohuslän in the north, which left Gothenburg less exposed. Gothenburg grew into a significant port and trade centre on the west coast, because it was the only city on the west coast that, along with Marstrand, was granted the rights to trade with merchants from other countries.[26]
In the 18th century, fishing was the most important industry. However, in 1731, the Swedish East India Company was founded, and the city flourished due to its foreign trade with highly profitable commercial expeditions to China.[33]
The harbour developed into Sweden's main harbour for trade towards the west, and when Swedish emigration to the United States increased, Gothenburg became Sweden's main point of departure for these travellers. The impact of Gothenburg as a main port of embarkation for Swedish emigrants is reflected by Gothenburg, Nebraska, a small Swedish settlement in the United States.[34]
With the 19th century, Gothenburg evolved into a modern industrial city that continued on into the 20th century. The population increased tenfold in the century, from 13,000 (1800) to 130,000 (1900).[35][36][37] In the 20th century, major companies that developed included SKF (1907)[38] and Volvo (1927).[39]
Geography
Gothenburg is located on the west coast, in southwestern Sweden, about halfway between the capital cities of
The Gothenburg Metropolitan Area (Stor-Göteborg) has 982,360 inhabitants and extends to the municipalities of Ale, Alingsås, Göteborg, Härryda, Kungälv, Lerum, Lilla Edet, Mölndal, Partille, Stenungsund, Tjörn, Öckerö within Västra Götaland County, and Kungsbacka within Halland County.[43]
Angered, a suburb outside Gothenburg, consists of Hjällbo, Eriksbo, Rannebergen, Hammarkullen, Gårdsten, and Lövgärdet.[44] It is a Million Programme part of Gothenburg, like Rosengård in Malmö and Botkyrka in Stockholm.[45] Angered had about 50,000 inhabitants in 2015.[46][?] It lies north of Gothenburg and is isolated from the rest of the city. Bergsjön is another Million Programme suburb north of Gothenburg, it has 14,000 inhabitants. Biskopsgården is the biggest multicultural suburb on the island of Hisingen, which is a part of Gothenburg but separated from the city by the river.
The annual Gothenburg Film Festival, is the largest film festival in Scandinavia.[11] The Gothenburg Book Fair, held each year in September.[102] It is the largest literary festival in Scandinavia, and the second largest book fair in Europe.[103] A radical bookfair is held at the same time at the Syndikalistiskt Forum.[104]
The International Science Festival in Gothenburg is an annual festival since April 1997, in central Gothenburg with thought-provoking science activities for the public. The festival is visited by about 100,000 people each year.[105] This makes it the largest popular-science event in Sweden[106] and one of the leading popular-science events in Europe.[107]
Citing the
Music
Gothenburg has a diverse music community—the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra is the best-known in classical music.[109] Gothenburg also was the birthplace of the Swedish composer Kurt Atterberg.[110] The first internationally successfully Swedish group, instrumental rock group The Spotnicks came from Gothenburg.[111]
Bands such as The Soundtrack of Our Lives[112] and Ace of Base are well-known pop representatives of the city. During the 1970s, Gothenburg had strong roots in the Swedish progressive movement (progg) with such groups as Nationalteatern, Nynningen, and Motvind. The record company Nacksving and the editorial office for the magazine Musikens Makt which also were part of the progg movement were located in Gothenburg during this time as well.[113]
There is also an active indie scene in Gothenburg. For example, the musician Jens Lekman was born in the suburb of Angered[114] and named his 2007 release Night Falls Over Kortedala after another suburb, Kortedala.[115] Other internationally acclaimed indie artists include the electro pop duos Studio,[116] The Knife,[117] Air France,[118] The Tough Alliance,[119] indie rock band Love is All, songwriter José González,[120] and pop singer El Perro del Mar,[121] as well as genre-bending quartet Little Dragon fronted by vocalist Yukimi Nagano.[122] Another son of the city is one of Sweden's most popular singers, Håkan Hellström, who often includes many places from the city in his songs.[123][124] The glam rock group Supergroupies derives from Gothenburg.[125]
Gothenburg's own commercially successful At the Gates, In Flames, and Dark Tranquillity are credited with pioneering melodic death metal.[126] Other well-known bands of the Gothenburg scene are thrash metal band The Haunted,[127] progressive power metal band Evergrey,[128] and power metal bands HammerFall and Dream Evil.[129]
Many music festivals take place in the city every year. The Metaltown Festival was a two-day festival featuring heavy metal music bands, held in Gothenburg. It used to be arranged annually since 2004, taking place at the Frihamnen venue.[130] In June 2012, the festival included bands such as In Flames, Marilyn Manson, Slayer, Lamb of God, and Mastodon.[131] Another popular festival, Way Out West, focuses more on rock, electronic, and hip-hop genres.[132][133]
Sports
As in all of Sweden, a variety of sports are followed, including football, ice hockey, basketball, handball, floorball, baseball, and figure skating. A varied amateur and professional sports clubs scene exists.[134]
Gothenburg is the birthplace of
The city's most notable sports venues are Scandinavium,[145] and Ullevi (multisport) and the newly built Gamla Ullevi[146] (football).
The 2003 World Allround Speed Skating Championships were held in Rudhallen, Sweden's only indoor speed-skating arena.[147] It is a part of Ruddalens IP, which also has a bandy field and several football fields.[148]
The only Swedish heavyweight champion of the world in boxing, Ingemar Johansson, who took the title from Floyd Paterson in 1959, was from Gothenburg.[149]
Gothenburg has hosted a number of international sporting events including the
Gothenburg hosted the XIII FINA World Masters Championships in 2010.[161] Diving, swimming, synchronized swimming and open-water competitions were held on 28 July to 7 August. The water polo events were played on the neighboring city of Borås.[162]
Gothenburg is also home to the Gothenburg Sharks, a professional baseball team in the Elitserien division of baseball in Sweden.[163]
With around 25,000 sailboats and yachts scattered about the city, sailing is a popular sports activity in the region, particularly because of the nearby Gothenburg archipelago.
The Gothenburg Amateur Diving Club (Göteborgs amatördykarklubb) has been operating since October 1938.
Economy
Due to Gothenburg's advantageous location in the centre of Scandinavia, trade and shipping have always played a major role in the city's economic history, and they continue to do so. Gothenburg port has come to be the largest harbour in Scandinavia.[9]
Apart from trade, the second pillar of Gothenburg has traditionally been manufacturing and industry, which significantly contributes to the city's wealth.[167] Major companies operating plants in the area include SKF, Volvo (both cars and trucks), and Ericsson. Volvo Cars is the largest employer in Gothenburg, not including jobs in supply companies. The blue-collar industries which have dominated the city for long are still important factors in the city's economy, but they are being gradually replaced by high-tech industries.[168][169]
Banking and finance are also important, as well as the event and tourist industry.[9]
Gothenburg is the terminus of the Valdemar-Göteborg gas pipeline, which brings natural gas from the North Sea fields to Sweden, through Denmark.[170]
Historically, Gothenburg was home base from the 18th century of the
Government
Gothenburg became a city municipality with an elected city council when the first Swedish local government acts were implemented in 1863.[175] The municipality has an assembly consisting of 81 members,[176] elected every fourth year.[177] Political decisions depend on citizens considering them legitimate. Political legitimacy can be based on various factors: legality, due process, and equality before the law, as well as the efficiency and effectiveness of public policy. One method used to achieve greater legitimacy for controversial policy reforms such as congestion charges is to allow citizens to decide or advise on the issue in public referendums.
In December 2010 a petition for a local referendum on the congestion tax, signed by 28,000 citizens, was submitted to the City Council. This right to submit so-called "people's initiatives" was inscribed in the Local Government Act, which obliged local governments to hold a local referendum if petitioned by 5% of the citizens unless the issue was deemed to be outside their area of jurisdiction or if a majority in the City Council voted against holding such a referendum.[178] A second petition for a referendum, signed by 57,000 citizens, was submitted to the local government in February 2013. This petition followed a campaign organised by a local newspaper – Göteborgs Tidningen – whose editor-in-chief argued that the paper's involvement was justified by the large public response to a series of articles on the congestion tax, as well as out of concern for the local democracy.[179][178]
The Swedish company Stena Line operates between Gothenburg/Frederikshavn in Denmark and Gothenburg/Kiel in Germany.[197]
The "England ferry" (Englandsfärjan) to Newcastle via Kristiansand (run by the Danish company DFDS Seaways) ceased at the end of October 2006,[198] after being a Gothenburg institution since the 19th century.[199] DFDS Seaways' sister company, DFDS Tor Line, continues to run scheduled cargo ships between Gothenburg and several English ports, and these used to have limited capacity for passengers and their private vehicles. Also freight ships to North America and East Asia leave from the port.[200]
Freight
Gothenburg is an intermodal logistics hub and Gothenburg harbour has access to Sweden and Norway via rail and trucks. Gothenburg harbour is the largest port in Scandinavia with a cargo turnover of 36.9 million tonnes per year in 2004.[201]
Notable people

Two of the noted people from Gothenburg are fictional, but have become synonymous with "people from Gothenburg". They are a working class couple called Kal and Ada, featured in "Gothenburg jokes" (göteborgsvitsar), songs, plays and names of events.[202][203] Each year two persons who have significantly contributed to culture in the city are given the honorary titles of "Kal and Ada".[204] A bronze statue of the couple made by Svenrobert Lundquist, was placed outside the entrance to Liseberg in 1995.[205]
Some of the noted people from Gothenburg are Academy Award Winning actress Alicia Vikander, footballer Gunnar Gren, artist Evert Taube, golfer Helen Alfredsson, industrialist Victor Hasselblad, singer-songwriter Björn Ulvaeus, diplomat Jan Eliasson, British Open Winner and professional golfer Henrik Stenson, Miss Sweden 1966 and Miss Universe 1966's winner Margareta Arvidsson, heavy metal band In Flames, YouTuber PewDiePie (Felix Kjellberg), for many years the most subscribed-to individual on the platform, with over 100 million subscribers[206] and YouTuber RoomieOfficial (Joel Berghult).
International rankings
Gothenburg has performed well in international rankings, some of which are mentioned below: The Global Destination Sustainability Index has named Gothenburg the world's most sustainable destination every year since 2016.[207]
In 2019 Gothenburg was selected by the EU as one of the top 2020 European Capitals of Smart Tourism.[208]
In 2020 Business Region Göteborg received the 'European Entrepreneurial Region Award 2020' (EER Award 2020) from the EU.[208]
International relations
The Gothenburg Award is the city's international prize that recognises and supports work to achieve sustainable development – in the Gothenburg region and from a global perspective.[209] The award, which is one million Swedish crowns, is administrated and funded by a coalition of the City of Gothenburg and 12 companies.[210] Past winners of the award have included Kofi Annan, Al Gore, and Michael Biddle.[211]
Twin towns and sister cities
Gothenburg is
Amasya, Turkey 2023
Chicago, United States
Turku, Finland, 1946
Tallinn, Estonia
- St. Petersburg, Russia, 1962
Bergen, Norway, 1946
Kraków, Poland, 1990[213]
Rostock, Germany, 1965
Badalona, Spain 1990
- Port Elizabeth, South Africa
With Lyon (France) there is no formal partnership, but "a joint willingness to cooperate".[214] Gothenburg had signed an agreement with Shanghai in 1986 which was upgraded in 2003 to include exchanges in culture, economics, trade and sport. The agreement was allowed to lapse in 2020.[215]
See also
- Gothenburg archipelago
- Gothenburg Protocol (on acidification, eutrophication and ground-level ozone)
- Gothenburg quadricentennial jubilee
- Gråå BK
- Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits
- List of metropolitan areas in Europe
- Metropolitan Gothenburg
- Göteborgs Rapé
References
- ^ a b "Localities 2015; population 2010–2016, area, overlap holiday home areas, coordinates". Statistics Sweden. 28 May 2017. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
- ^ "Folkmängd i riket, län och kommuner 31 december 2021 och befolkningsförändringar 1 oktober –31 december 2021. Totalt". Archived from the original on 18 March 2022.
- ^ "Population in localities increased by 120 000". Statistiska Centralbyrån. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
- ^ "Kvartal 2 2014". Statistiska Centralbyrån. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014.
- Oxford Dictionaries. Archived from the originalon 17 August 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- ^ "Göteborg". Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ "Förkortningar för svenska och utländska ortnamn". 19 December 2017. Archived from the original on 19 December 2017.
- ^ "Folkmängd i riket, län och kommuner 31 december 2021 och befolkningsförändringar 1 oktober –31 december 2021. Totalt". SEB. Archived from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
- ^ a b c Swedish National Encyclopedia (password needed)
- ^ "Volvo's founders – Our founders & presidents : Volvo Group Global". volvogroup.com. Archived from the original on 9 April 2010.
- ^ a b "Göteborg International Film Festival". Archived from the original on 24 January 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ "Kommuner i siffror" (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
- ^ För det första, skal denne Stad, heta och kallas Götheborgh.
- ^ "City of Göteborg blir åter City of Gothenburg" [City of Gothenburg will again be City of Gothenburg]. Vårt Göteborg (in Swedish). 9 December 2009. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
- ^ "Gothenburg | Sweden". Archived from the original on 31 October 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
- ^ Hellquist, Elof (1922). "219 (Svensk etymologisk ordbok)". runeberg.org (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 20 October 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- ^ Pamp, B. Ortnamnen i Sverige. Svenska ortnamnsarkiv.
- ^ AWE/Gebers serie om ortnamnen i våra landskap.
- ^ "Göteborg". Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- ^ "University of Gothenburg – the University's new English name" (Press release). University of Gothenburg. 4 February 2008. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
- ^ "City of Gothenburg". City of Gothenburg. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
- ^ Valkonen, Jorma (12 August 2009). "Göteborg blir go:teborg" [Göteborg becomes go:teborg]. www.aftonbladet.se. Aftonbladet. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ^ a b Twedberg, Johan (9 March 2003). "Här skulle staden ligga" [The city would be]. www.vartgoteborg.se. Gothenburg Municipality. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ Lagerström, Robert (23 November 2008). "Färjenäs – stan under bron" [Färjenäs – the town under the bridge]. www.gp.se. Göteborgs-Posten. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
- ^ Kastrup, Allan (1975), The Swedish heritage in America: the Swedish element in America and American–Swedish relations in their historical perspective, Swedish Council of America
- ^ ISBN 978-91-24-16635-9
- ^ Svedberg, Viktor (2002). "Förstudier och förundersökningar" [Feasibility studies and preliminary investigations] (PDF). www.raa.se. Swedish National Heritage Board. pp. 28–31. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ Andersson, Dan (4 January 2009). "Varför kom skottarna till Göteborg?" [Why did the Scots go to Gothenburg?]. www.expressen.se. Expressen. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ "Direktören som grundade industriskola" [The director who founded the industrial school]. www.företagsamheten.se. Svenskt Näringsliv. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ "En industriföretagare danas – Alexander Keillers första år i Sverige" [The making of an industrialist – Alexander Keiller's first year in Sweden] (PDF). www.warne.se. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ a b "Keiller park". www.goteborg.com. Göteborgs Turistbyrå. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- SELIBR 7672458.
- ^ Leche, V; Nyström, J.F.; Warburg, K; Westrin, Th, eds. (1914). "Ostindiska kompanier" [East India companies]. Nordisk familjebok–Uggleupplagan (in Swedish). Vol. 20. Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förl. pp. 1060–1062. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ Gothenburg, Nebraska, LASR, archived from the original on 9 September 2009, retrieved 15 September 2010
- ^ Wieselgren, Sigfrid (1878). Ur Göteborgs Häfder – om de styrande och de styrde 1621–1748 [From Gothenburg's annals – of the rulers and the ruled 1621–1748]. Stockholm: P A Norstedt & Söner. p. 10.
- from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- SELIBR 7799720.
- ^ A. Holber, ed. (1951). Sfären Nr 5 SKF Göteborg: Sven Wingquist 75 år [Sphere No. 5 SKF Gothenburg Sven Wingquist 75 years]. Göteborg: Wezäta. p. 4.
- ^ "Volvo's founders : Volvo Group – Global". Volvo.com. 14 April 1927. Archived from the original on 22 May 2009. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ Westrin Theodor, ed. (1909). "Göteborg". Nordisk familjebok–Uggleupplagan (in Swedish). Stockholm: Nordisk familjeboks förl. pp. 890–898. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ a b Andersson, Leif. "Vad händer med Golfströmmen?" [What happens to the Gulf Stream?]. www.gu.se (in Swedish). University of Gothenburg. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ Nyheter, SVT. "Lunchdebatt om regional utveckling" [Lunch Debate on Regional Development]. SVT Nyheter. Sveriges Television. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ "Storstadsområden med ingående kommuner i alfabetisk ordning" [Metropolitan areas with the population of municipalities in alphabetical order] (PDF). www.scb.se. Statistics Sweden. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ SELIBR 8369492.
- ^ Spangenberg, Jonas (16 April 2014). "Låt oss hellre bygga miljonprogram än miljonärsprogram" [Let us rather build than undertake the Million Millionaire program]. www.gp.se. Göteborgs-Posten. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ "Angereds stadsdelsförvaltning" [Angered district administration]. www.goteborg.se. Gothenburg Municipality. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ "Säsongens första snöfall" [The season's first snowfall]. SMHI. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
- ^ "Gothenburg A". SMHI (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
- ^ "Climate Gothenburg". Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Météo Climat stats for Gothenburg 1981–2010". Météo Climat. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
- ^ "Nytt rekord: Varmaste dagen i Göteborgs historia". Göteborgs Posten. 31 July 2018. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
- ^ "Dublin, Ireland – Monthly weather forecast and Climate data". Weather Atlas. Archived from the original on 26 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
- SELIBR 418633.
- ^ a b c "Parker i Göteborg" [Parks in Gothenburg]. www.ilovegoteborg.se. Göteborgsguiden. Archived from the original on 20 August 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ Tornbrant, Hanna (14 August 2015). "Johan Lindqvist:I dag steppar Slottsskogen upp" [Johan Lindqvist: Today, attendance up for tap-dancing at Slottskogen]. www.gp.se. Göteborgs-Posten. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ "Änggårdsbergen". www.lansstyrelsen.se. Västra Götalands County. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ "Delsjöområdet". Västra Götalands County. Archived from the original on 2 November 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- SELIBR 10486215.
- ^ "Hisingsparken" (PDF). www.goteborg.se. Gothenburg Municipality. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 July 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ "Familjekväll 120619" [Family Evening 120619]. www.flunsan.se. Flunsåparken. Archived from the original on 25 October 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ Göteborg Botanical Garden Archived 3 September 2005 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Nationalencyklopedin (NE), The Swedish National Encyclopedia (Most of this section is based on NE)
- SELIBR 396904.
- SELIBR 12158175.
- ^ Göteborg City Museum. Archived from the original(PDF) on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ Ask, Victoria (2008). "Förträdgården som försvann" [Disappearing gardens] (PDF). www.antiquum.se. Byggnadskultur. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
- ^ "Landshövdingehus". www.stadshem.se. Stadshem. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
- SELIBR 516385.
- SELIBR 7677346.
- ^ a b "Summerburst på Ullevi" [Summerburst at Ullevi]. www.higab.se. Higab. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ "Arkitektur i Göteborg" [Architecture in Gothenburg]. www.goteborg.com. Göteborgs Turistbyrå. Archived from the original on 19 August 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ Eliaeson, Pär; Fowelin, Johan (September 2010). "Learning from Wingårdh" (PDF). Arkitekturtidskriften KRITIK (9/10): 16. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ "Stationsinfo: Göteborg Centralstation" [Station info: Gothenburg Central Station]. www.stationsinfo.se. Samtrafiken. Archived from the original on 28 July 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ Krantz, Claes (1962). Claes Horn (ed.). Tåg 62 : SJ-utställning i Göteborg 11 maj – 15 juli, En exposé över järnvägen igår, idag och imorgon [Train 62: SJ-show in Gothenburg 11 May to 15 July, An exposé of Railways yesterday, today and tomorrow]. Statens järnvägar. p. 5.
- ^ "Åttiosex meter över Göta Älv" [Eighty-six meters above Göta Älv]. www.vasakronan.se. Vasakronan AB. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ "Om operahuset" [About the opera house]. www.sv.opera.se. Göteborgsoperan. Archived from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- SELIBR 10516941.
- ^ "GÖTEBORG INOM VALLGRAVEN 3:7 – husnr 1, GÖTEBORGS SYNAGOGA" [GOTHENBURG WITHIN THE MOAT 3: 7 – HOUSE NO. 1, GOTHENBURG SYNAGOGUE]. www.bebyggelseregistret.raa.se. Swedish National Heritage Board. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ "Gunnebo House and Gardens". www.swedishgardens.se. Swedish Society of Public Park & Gardens. Archived from the original on 11 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- SELIBR 2996798.
- ^ "Antennen är högst i stan" [Antenna is highest in town]. Göteborgs-Posten. 29 November 1995. p. 11.
- ^ O'Yeah, Zac (8 March 2019). "Gothenburg: A City Built on Rock 'n' Roll". natgeotraveller.in. National Geographic Traveller India. Archived from the original on 13 March 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
- ^ Caldenby, Claes (1979). Byggnader i Göteborg. Gothenburg: Sektionen för arkitektur, Chalmers tekniska högskola. p. 8. Archived from the original on 12 December 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
- ^ "Världskulturmuseet – Start". Varldskulturmuseet.se. Archived from the original on 4 June 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
- ^ "Världskulturmuseet, Göteborg". www.sfv.se. National Property Board of Sweden. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ "Museer". www.goteborg.se. Gothenburg Municipality. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ "Aeroseum". www.goteborg.com. Göteborgs Turistbyrå. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ "Volvo museum". www.volvomuseum.com. Volvo museum. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ "Universeum". www.goteborg.com. Göteborgs Turistbyrå. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ "Nobelpristagare till Universeum". www.svd.se. Svenska Dagbladet. 7 June 2003. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.
- ^ Forbes https://www.forbes.com/2005/05/25/cx_sb_0526featslide.html. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - ^ "Forbes.com". Forbes.com. 25 May 2005. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ ISBN 978-1588435064. Archivedfrom the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
- ^ "Theatre, Meet Gothenburgs rich theatre scene". www.goteborg.com. Gothenburg Tourist Centre. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ "Avenyn". www.goteborg.com. Gothenburg Tourist Centre. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ Guide till Sveriges arkitektur, red. Waern, Caldenby, Arkitektur förlag
- ^ "12 Största köpcentrumen | Fastighetsvärlden". Fastighetsvärlden (in Swedish). 12 October 2012. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
- ^ Ohlson, Gunnar (4 October 2013). "De serverar världens största kanelbulle" [They serve the world's largest cinnamon rolls]. www.expressen.se. Expressen. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ Information from the tourist company Göteborg & Co, website www.goteborg.com
- from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- ^ "Gustav Adolfs-bakelsens historia" (in Swedish). Danska wienerbageriet. Archived from the original on 12 August 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- Swedish Exhibition and Congress Centre. Retrieved 1 September 2015.[dead link]
- ^ Kärnstrand, Moa (25 September 2008). "Dags för årets största bokfest". Metro. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
- ^ "Radikal Bokmässa i Göteborg". Aktuellt Focus (in Swedish). 28 September 2017. Archived from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ "Världsrekordförsök inleder Göteborgs tolfte vetenskapsfestival – Vårt Göteborg". 20 September 2013. Archived from the original on 20 September 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- ^ "Festivalens hemsida". Vetenskaps Festivalen. Archived from the original on 1 November 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
- ^ "The International Science Festival Gothenburg". www.gu.se. University of Gothenburg. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ "Gothenburg, Sweden to host the 2010 IFLA World Library and Information Congress". www.ifla.org. ILFA. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ "Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra under the baton of Maestro Kent Nagano Impresses People with "Sound of Scandinavia" of Volvo's Birthplace". www.wupromotion.com. Wu Promotion Co. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ Kube, Michael (1999). Kurt Atterberg (1887–1974) An Overview of his Life and Work. Classic Produktion Osnabrück.
- ^ "The Spotnicks får Göteborgs Spårvägars Kulturpris". www.goteborgssparvagar.se. Gothenburg tram network. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
- ^ Hansén, Stig (9 January 2011). "Soundtrack of Gothenburg". Expressen. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ "Ace of Base FAQ". Archived from the original on 8 April 2000. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
- ^ Åberg, Evelina. "Jens Lekman till Ersmark". Västerbottens-Kuriren. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ Hogan, Marc (5 September 2007). "Jens Lekman, Night Falls Over Kortedala, Secretly Canadian / Service; 2007". Pitchfork Media. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ Thane, Rich. "The End Of Fame: Studio announce split after 10 years". www.thelineofbestfit.com. The Line Of Best Fit. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ McRuvie, Sarah (12 June 2013). "Ten Things You Never Knew About The Knife's Karin Dreijer Andersson". Clash. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ "Air France: "GBG Belongs to Us"". Pitchfork Media. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ Svanell, Adam (15 May 2007). "Tough Alliance vill inte hitta hem". Svenska Dagbladet. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ "A new way for Jose". The Age. 23 September 2007. Archived from the original on 30 July 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ "El Perro Del Mar". www.luger.se. Lugerinc AB. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ Cragg, Michael. "A fairytale unicorn roadtrip with Little Dragon". Dazed. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ "Håkan Hellström". www.nok.se. Natur & Kultur. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ^ Sigander, Miranda (20 May 2013). "Hellström nöjd med "sin" film". Göteborgs-Posten. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ^ Lindell, Elin (19 July 2006). "Supergroupies vill sprida glädje". Göteborgs-Posten. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ^ "Dark Tranquillity – hårda melodier från Göteborg". Sveriges Television. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "Thrash metal". Sveriges Television. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ Claeson, Daniel (3 January 2015). "Evergrey: Gothenburg Sound Festival, Trädgårn, lördag". Göteborgs-Posten. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "Dream Evil förband till HammerFall i Storbritannien". Musiknyheter. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ Kendall, Ben. "No Metaltown in 2014". Göteborg Daily. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "Metaltown 2012". www.festivalinfo.se. Festivalinfo.se. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ Hofberg, Christel (28 April 2009). "Way out west hyllas". Göteborgs-Posten. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ Petersson, Maria (28 July 2013). "New York Times tipsar om Way out West". Göteborgs-Posten. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "Evenemang". www.goteborg.com. Göteborgs Turistbyrå. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- SELIBR 305172.
- ^ Jönsson, Ingemar. "Den första storhetstiden". www.ifkgoteborg.se. IFK Göteborg. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "Swedish champions since 1896". www.svenskfotboll.se. Swedish Football Association. Archived from the original on 2 December 2009. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "UEFA Cup". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). 18 May 2007. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "Historik". BK Häcken. Archived from the original on 6 October 2009. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ Into, Miika (3 May 2015). "Final HJ18 Pixbo Wallenstam IBF – Lindome IBK". www.goteborgcupinnebandy.cups.nu. Göteborg Cup Innebandy. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ Holmqvist, Mattias. "Pojkar A – Steg 3". www.svenskhandboll.se. Swedish Handball Federation. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "Frölunda HC nyheter". www.hockeynyheter.se. HockeyNyheter.se. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "Publiken sviker – Elitlaget Gothia basket läggs ner". www.svt.se. Sveriges Television. 7 May 2010. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "Google Translate". Archived from the original on 17 January 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ "Scandinavium Arena". www.goteborg2013.com. go:teborg2013. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ Gamla Ullevi. "Välkommen till "Fotbollsarenan"". Higabgruppen (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 16 March 2009. Retrieved 8 February 2009.
- ^ TT (8 February 2007). "Ny tävlingsdräkt ska ge medaljplats i skridsko-VM". www.expressen.se. Expressen. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "Ruddalens IP (plan)". www.svenskfotboll.se. Swedish Football Association. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ Litsky, Frank (31 January 2009). "Ingemar Johansson, Who Beat Patterson for Heavyweight Title, Dies at 76". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 July 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ "Fergie's greatest triumph? – How Aberdeen conquered European football". BBC News. 9 May 2013. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
- ^ Lohr, Steve (15 August 1988). "Sunday in Sweden: Vikings Beat Bears". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ Krastev, Todor. "Men Handball XIII World Championship 1993 Sweden 10.03–20.03 – Champion Russia". www.todor66.com. Todor Krastev. Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ a b "Världsmästerskap och Europamästerskap i Scandinavium". www.gotevent.se. Got Event. Archived from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "Svenskar på VM". www.friidrott.se. Svenska Friidrottsförbundet. Archived from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ Whitten, Phillip. "Swimming in 1997". www.britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "Full Time Report" (PDF). UEFA.com. Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). 19 May 2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "Tidsprogram med svenska ögon". www.friidrott.se. Svenska Friidrottsförbundet. Archived from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "Lysacek withdraws from world championships". www.icenetwork.com. Ice Network. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "World's largest youth soccer cup gets underway in Gothenburg". www.sverigesradio.se. SR International – Radio Sweden. 14 July 2015. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "Facts and figures about Västra Götaland" (PDF). www.lansstyrelsen.se. Västra Götaland County administrative boards. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "Finamasters.org". Finamasters.org (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 6 May 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- ^ "Den 27 juli — 6 augusti 2010 arrangerades Världsmästerskapen i masterssimning i Göteborg, Mölndal och Borås". www.boras.se. Borås Municipality. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ Mikulski, Lisa (30 May 2013). "US baseball players look to create a field of dreams in Gothenburg". www.thelocal.se. The Local. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ Eliasson, Carina (7 September 2012). "Fritidsbåtar hotar skärgården". www.science.gu.se. University of Gothenburg . Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- ^ Littorin, Jens; Edström, Cecilia (22 June 2015). "Live: Se målgången i Volvo Ocean Race". www.dn.se. Dagens Nyheter. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "Louis Vuitton America's Cup World Series Goteborg". www.gkss.se. Royal Gothenburg Yacht Club. Archived from the original on 14 August 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
- ^ "Knowledge and Industry". www.goteborg.com. Gothenburg Convention Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 July 2014.
- ^ "The 100 Largest Employers in the Gothenburg Region 2011". www.swedishlifesciences.se. Business Region Göteborg. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 June 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
- ^ Hulter, Johannes. "Gör upp med museal ångest". www.nytid.se. Ny Tid. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
- ^ "Norway, Sweden and Denmark Pipelines map – Crude Oil (petroleum) pipelines – Natural Gas pipelines – Products pipelines". Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- ^ "Följ med på resan till Ostindien" [Join the trip to the East Indies]. Svenska Ostindiska Kompaniet (in Swedish). Nordic Museum. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
- ^ "Varvshistoria". www.varvshistoriska.se. Varvshistoriska Föreningen i Göteborg. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
- ^ "The World According to GaWC 2020". GaWC – Research Network. Globalization and World Cities. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
- ^ Pentland, William (9 July 2013). "World's 15 Most Inventive Cities". Forbes. Archived from the original on 14 July 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
- ^ Wimarson, Nils (1923). "Göteborg. En översikt vid trehundraårsjubileet 1923 över stadens kommunala, kulturella och sociala förhållanden samt viktigaste näringsgrenar". www.runeberg.org. Stadsfullmäktiges jubeleumsberedning. p. 647. Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
- ^ "Kommunfullmäktige". www.goteborg.se. Gothenburg Municipality. Archived from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
- ^ "Vad gör Valmyndigheten "mellan valen"?". www.val.se. Election Authority (Sweden). Archived from the original on 14 August 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
- ^ .
- ^ "Scopus – Welcome to Scopus". www.scopus.com. Retrieved 14 November 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Folkmängden efter region, födelseland och kön. År 2000 - 2021". Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ "Number of persons with foreign or Swedish background (detailed division) by region, age and sex. Year 2002 – 2019". Statistikdatabasen. Archived from the original on 19 April 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- ^ "Foreign citizens by region, age in ten year groups and sex. Year 1973 – 2019". Statistikdatabasen. Archived from the original on 19 April 2020. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
- ^ "Utrikes födda efter födelseland samt utländsk bakgrund 2014". www.goteborg.se. Göteborgs Stad. Archived from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
- ^ "About the university". University of Gothenburg. Archived from the original on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 8 July 2009.
- ^ Premises and campus Archived 24 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine Chalmers University of Technology
- ^ "Göteborg, search". www.folkhogskola.nu. Folkhögskolornas informationstjänst. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ "Gymnasieskolor". www.goteborg.se. Gothenburg Municipality. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ Rudolphi, Martin. "Allélänken" (PDF). www.chalmers.se. Chalmers University of Technology. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ "Tilldelningsbeslut fattat för upphandlingen "Region- och pendeltåg i Väst 2010"". www.mynewsdesk.com. Västtrafik. 28 August 2009. Archived from the original on 24 October 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ "Nils Ericson Terminal (Gothenburg)". www.vasttrafik.se. Västtrafik. Archived from the original on 4 February 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ "Buses". www.swedavia.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
- ^ "Statistik inom Swedavia". www.swedavia.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
- ^ "Om flygplatsen Göteborg Landvetter Airport". www.swedavia.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
- ^ "Gothenburg City Airport stops commercial flights". thelocal.se. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
- ^ Carlsson, Anders. "Ryanair och Wizz till Landvetter men Sparrow lägger ner". www.flygtorget.se. Flygtorget. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ Pavlica, Adrianna; Berg, Kalle (28 November 2014). "Flygplan får inte landa på flygplatsen i Säve". www.expressen.se. Expressen. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ "Stena LIne". www.goteborgshamn.se. Port of Gothenburg. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ "DFDS scraps Newcastle-Gothenburg line" Archived 28 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine, The Local, 7 September 2006: "Danish shipping company DFDS Seaways is to scrap the only passenger ferry route between Sweden and Britain, with the axing of the Gothenburg-Newcastle route at the end of October."
- ^ "1800-talet". www.goteborgshamn.se. Port of Gothenburg. Archived from the original on 10 August 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ "Linjeutbud". www.goteborgshamn.se. Port of Gothenburg. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
- ^ Statistics from "Startpage". Port of Göteborg. Archived from the original on 20 August 2008. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- ^ "Radarparet nummer ett". www.gp.se. Göteborgs-Posten. 4 May 2013. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
- SELIBR 598554.
- SELIBR 14978311.
- ^ "Kal & Ada". www.liseberg.se. Liseberg. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
- ^ "PewDiePie becomes first YouTuber to hit 100 million subscribers". CBC Kids News. 26 August 2019. Archived from the original on 29 August 2019. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ^ Johanson, Mark. "Gothenburg, Sweden: Things to do in the greenest city on Earth". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ a b "Awards". Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ "Gothenburg Award". Archived from the original on 21 July 2013.
- ^ "Dr Mike Biddle to receive Gothenburg Sustainable Development Award". electronic-recycling.ie. Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
- ^ "Award Winners". gothenburgaward.com. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
- ^ "Riktlinjer för Internationellt Samarbete" (PDF) (in Swedish). Göteborgs Stad. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
- ^ "Kraków – Miasta Partnerskie" [Kraków -Partnership Cities]. Miejska Platforma Internetowa Magiczny Kraków (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
- ^ See: Les villes partenaires en Europe, Göteborg Archived 25 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed on 15 May 2014.
- ^ Wong, Rachel (24 April 2020). "Gothenburg axes twin city agreement with Shanghai as Sweden closes all Confucius Institutes". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. Archived from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
External links



- Goteborg.se – Official site for city of Gothenburg (in Swedish)
- Goteborg.se/english – Official web page for short English description of the content in city of Gothenburg site
- International.Goteborg.se – Official international site for city of Gothenburg
- travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Goteborg.com – Gothenburg tourism portal
- VisitSweden – VisitSweden's profile of Gothenburg
- Virtual Tour Panoramas of Goteborg