Gotse Delchev

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Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Gotse Delchev (disambiguation).

In this Bulgarian name, the patronymic is Nikolov and the family name is Delchev.

Voivode

Gotse Delchev
Bulgarian army
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee
Alma materBulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki
Military School of His Princely Highness
Other workTeacher

Georgi Nikolov Delchev (

Ilinden-Preobrazhenie uprising
.

Born into a Bulgarian family in Kilkis,[10][11] then in the Salonika vilayet of the Ottoman Empire, in his youth he was inspired by the ideals of earlier Bulgarian revolutionaries such as Vasil Levski and Hristo Botev, who envisioned the creation of a Bulgarian republic of ethnic and religious equality, as part of an imagined Balkan Federation.[12] Delchev completed his secondary education in the Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki and entered the Military School of His Princely Highness in Sofia, but he was dismissed from there, only a month before his graduation, because of his leftist political persuasions. Then he returned to Ottoman Macedonia as a Bulgarian teacher,[13] and immediately became an activist of the newly-found revolutionary movement in 1894.[14]

Although considering himself to be an inheritor of the

Bulgarian nationalism, he revised the Organization's statute, where the membership was allowed only for Bulgarians.[27] In this way he emphasized the importance of cooperation among all ethnic groups in the territories concerned in order to obtain political autonomy.[14]

Today Gotse Delchev is considered a national hero in

incorporation into Bulgaria too. However, other researchers find the identity of Delchev and other IMRO figures to be "open to different interpretations",[32] that are incompatible with the views of modern Balkan nationalisms.[33]

Biography

officer cadets in Sofia
.

Early life

He was born to a large family on 4 February 1872 (23 January according to the Julian calendar) in Kılkış (Kukush), then in the Ottoman Empire (today in Greece). By the mid-19th century, Kılkış was populated predominantly with Macedonian Bulgarians[34][35][36] and became one of the centres of the Bulgarian national revival.[37][38] During the 1860s and 1870s it was under the jurisdiction of the Bulgarian Uniate Church,[39][40] but after 1884 most of its population gradually joined the Bulgarian Exarchate.[41] As a student, Delchev studied first at the Bulgarian Uniate primary school and then at the Bulgarian Exarchate junior high school.[42] He also read widely in the town's chitalishte (community cultural center), where he was impressed with revolutionary books, and was especially imbued with thoughts of the liberation of Bulgaria.[43] In 1888 his family sent him to the Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki, where he organized and led a secret revolutionary brotherhood.[44] Delchev also distributed revolutionary literature, which he acquired from the school's graduates who studied in Bulgaria. Graduation from high school was faced with few career prospects and Delchev decided to follow the path of his former schoolmate Boris Sarafov, entering the military school in Sofia in 1891. He at first encountered the newly independent Bulgaria full of idealism and dedication, but he later became disappointed with the commercialized life of the society and with the authoritarian politics of the prime minister Stefan Stambolov, accused of being a dictator.[45]

Letter from Delchev, where he declares himself and his compatriots as Bulgarians.[46]

Delchev spent his leaves in the company of emigrants from

Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers Party. Through Glavinov and his comrades, he came into contact with different people, who offered a new form of social struggle. In June 1892, Delchev and the journalist Kosta Shahov, a chairman of the Young Macedonian Literary Society, met in Sofia with the bookseller from Thessaloniki, Ivan Hadzhinikolov. Hadzhinikolov disclosed at this meeting his plans to create a revolutionary organization in Ottoman Macedonia. They discussed together its basic principles and agreed fully on all scores. Delchev explained, he had no intention of remaining an officer and promised after graduating from the Military School, he would return to Macedonia to join the organization.[47] In September 1894, only a month before graduation, he was expelled because of his political activity as a member of an illegal socialist circle.[48] He was given the possibility to enter the Army again by re-applying for a commission, but he refused. Afterwards he returned to European Turkey to work there as a Bulgarian teacher, aiming to get involved in the new liberation movement. At that time, the revolutionary organization commonly known as Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) was in its early stages of development, forming its committees around the Bulgarian Exarchate schools.[49]

Teacher and revolutionary

The diploma of Delchev from his graduation from the Military school in Sofia.[note 2]
Diploma from the Bulgarian Exarchate's school in Štip, signed by Delchev as a teacher.
Letter from Delchev to the Bulgarian Exarch Yosif, where he resigned as head teacher in Bansko.
Excerpt from the statute of BMARC, with corrections made by hand, personally by Gotse Delchev with intention to work out the new statute of the SMARO.
SMARO, whose author was G. Delchev.[note 3]

In

Resen in August 1894 to preferably recruit teachers from the Bulgarian schools as committee members.[52] In the autumn of 1894 Delchev became a teacher in an Exarchate school in Štip,[53] where he met another teacher, Dame Gruev, who was also a leader of the newly established local committee of the IMRO.[54] As a result of the close friendship between the two, Delchev joined the organization immediately and gradually became one of its main leaders. After this, both he and Gruev worked together in Štip and its environs.[55] The expansion of the IMRO at the time was considerable, particularly after Gruev settled in Thessaloniki during the years 1895–1897, in the quality of a Bulgarian school inspector. Under his direction, Delchev travelled during the vacations throughout Macedonia and established and organized committees in villages and cities. Delchev also established contacts with some of the leaders of the Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee (SMAC). Its official declaration was a struggle for the autonomy of Macedonia and Thrace.[56] However, as a rule, most of SMAC's leaders were officers with stronger connections with the governments, waging terrorist struggle against the Ottomans in the hope of provoking a war and thus Bulgarian annexation of both areas. In the late 1895 he arrived illegally in Bulgaria's capital and tried to get support from the SMAC's leadership from the name of the "Bulgarian Central Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Revolutionary Committee".[57] Delchev had a number of meetings with Danail Nikolaev, Yosif Kovachev, Toma Karayovov, Andrey Lyapchev and others, but he was often frustrated by their views. As a whole, Delchev had a negative attitude towards their activities. After spending the next school year (1895/1896) as a teacher in the town of Bansko, in May 1896 he was arrested by the Ottoman authorities as a person suspected of revolutionary activity and spent about a month in jail. Later Delchev participated in the Thessaloniki Congress of the IMRO in the Summer. Afterwards, Delchev gave his resignation as a teacher and, in the Autumn of 1896, he moved back to Bulgaria, where he, together with Gyorche Petrov, served as foreign representatives of the organization in Sofia.[58]
At that time the organization was largely dependent on the Bulgarian state and army assistance, that was mediated by the foreign representatives.

Revolutionary activity as part of the leadership of the Organization

In the period 1897–1902, he was a representative of the Foreign Committee of the IMRO in Sofia. Again in Sofia, negotiating with suspicious politicians and arms merchants, Delchev saw more of the unpleasant face of the Principality and became even more disillusioned with its political system. In 1897 he, along with Petrov, wrote the new organization's statute, which divided Macedonia and Adrianople areas into seven regions, each with a regional structure and secret police, following the Internal Revolutionary Organization's example. Below the regional committees were districts.[59][60] The Central Committee was placed in Thessaloniki. In 1898 the Organization decided to create permanent acting armed bands (chetas) in every district, with Delchev as their leader.[61] Delchev ensured the functioning of the underground border crossings of the organization and the arms depots added to them, alongside the then Bulgarian-Ottoman border.

His correspondence with other IMRO members covers extensive data on supplies, transport and storage of weapons and ammunition in Macedonia. Delchev envisioned independent production of weapons and traveled in 1897 to

Rhodopes. The inclusion of the rural areas into the organizational districts contributed to the expansion of the organization and the increase in its membership, while providing the essential prerequisites for the formation of the military power of the organization, at the same time having Delchev as its military advisor (inspector) and chief of all internal revolutionary bands.[67][non-primary source needed
]

Delchev's mother - Sultana
Delchev's father – Nikola

After 1897 there was a rapid growth of secret officers' brotherhoods, whose members by 1900 numbered about a thousand.

Gorna Dzhumaya
), which merely served to provoke Ottoman repressions and hampered the work of the underground network of SMARO.

The primary question regarding the timing of the uprising in Macedonia and Thrace implicated an apparent discordance not only among the SMAC and the SMARO, but also among the SMARO's leadership. At the Thessaloniki Congress of January 1903, where Delchev did not participate, an early uprising was debated and it was decided to stage one in the Spring of 1903. This led to fierce debates among the representatives at the Sofia SMARO's Conference in March 1903. By that time two strong tendencies had crystallized within the SMARO. The right-wing majority was convinced that if the Organization would unleash a general uprising, Bulgaria would be provoked to declare war on the

Great Powers the Empire would collapse.[72]

New York Times
's report from 11 May 1903, about the death of Delchev.

Delchev also launched the establishment of a secret revolutionary network, that would prepare the population for an armed uprising against the Ottoman rule.

Angista river, aiming to test the new guerrilla tactics. Following that he set out for Thessaloniki to meet with Dame Gruev after his release from prison in March 1903. Delchev met with Gruev in late April and they discussed the decision of starting the uprising. After the meeting, he left for Serres, with the intention of holding a regional congress to lay out his plans for the uprising.[76]

Death and aftermath

Telegram by the Ottoman authorities to their Embassy in Sofia informing, Delchev, one of the leaders of the Bulgarian Committees, was killed.[77][78]
The first biographical book about Delchev, issued in 1904 by his friend, the Bulgarian poet and revolutionary Peyo Yavorov.
IMARO
cheta. The inscription above reads: "The immortal Delchev."
Memorial poster of IMARO issued after the Young Turk Revolution. The group presents Delchev and his already dead comrades, whom he personally had invited into the organization: Toma Davidov, Mihail Apostolov, Petar Sokolov and Slavi Merdzhanov.
The ruins of Kilkis after the Second Balkan War.
The bell tower among ruins of the village of Banitsa, where Delchev was buried until 1913.

On 28 April, members of the

Greek Army.[85] During Balkan Wars, when Bulgaria was temporarily in control of the area, Delchev's remains were transferred to Xanthi, then in Bulgaria. After Western Thrace was ceded to Greece in 1919, the relic was brought to Plovdiv and in 1923 to Sofia, where it rested until after World War II.[86] During World War II, the area was taken by the Bulgarians again and Delchev's grave near Banitsa was restored.[87] In May 1943, on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of his death, a memorial plaque was set in Banitsa, in the presence of his sisters and other public figures.[88] Until the end of WWII Delchev was considered one of the greatest Bulgarians in the region of Macedonia.[89]

The first biographical book about Delchev was issued in 1904 by his friend and comrade in arms, the Bulgarian poet Peyo Yavorov.[90] The most detailed biography of Delchev in English was written by English historian Mercia MacDermott: Freedom or Death: The Life of Gotse Delchev.[91]

Views

The international,

Adrianople autonomous region on the one hand,[100] and on the other between it, the Principality of Bulgaria, and de facto annexed Eastern Rumelia.[101][1] Even the possibility that Bulgaria could be absorbed into a future autonomous Macedonia, rather than the reverse, was discussed.[102] Per some Bulgarian sources and his contemporaries, Delchev supported Macedonia's eventual incorporation into Bulgaria,[103][104] or its inclusion into a future Balkan Confederative Republic.[105][106] According to American historian Dennis P. Hupchick, he firmly opposed Macedonia's incorporation into Bulgaria.[107] Despite his Bulgarian loyalty, he was against any chauvinistic propaganda and nationalism.[108] For militants such as Delchev and other leftists that participated in the national movement retaining a political outlook, national liberation meant "radical political liberation through shaking off the social shackles".[109] According to him, no outside force could or would help the Organization and it ought to rely only upon itself and only upon its own will and strength. He thought that any intervention by Bulgaria would provoke intervention by the neighboring states as well, and could result in Macedonia and Thrace being torn apart. That is why the peoples of these two regions had to win their own freedom, within the frontiers of an autonomous Macedonian-Adrianople state.[110][111]

Ilinden Organization in Sofia in 1923. Until then, the bones were kept in the house of the revolutionary Mihail Chakov in Plovdiv, and between 1913 and 1919 in his home in Xanthi (then part of Bulgaria).[112]
The restored grave-place of Delchev among the ruins of Banitsa during World War II Bulgarian annexation of Northern Greece.
The moving of the remains of Delchev from Sofia to Skopje in October 1946. This was a failed effort of Stalin to placate Tito, pressuring the Bulgarian communists to allow this,[113] as part of the campaign of recognizing the Macedonian national identity. The translation of the Bulgarian caption is given in a note.[note 4]
Commemorative medal of Delchev issued in 1904 in Bulgaria, designed by the painter Dimitar Diolev.[114]

Legacy

Cold war period

See also: Historiography in North Macedonia

In 1934

People's Republic of Macedonia, was characterized as the natural result of Delchev's aspirations for autonomous Macedonia.[118]

Initially, the Macedonian communists questioned the extent of Delchev's alleged Macedonian national consciousness.

SR Macedonia - Today over Macedonia.[123] According to Mishe Karev, a nephew of Nikola Karev, after the Tito–Stalin split in 1948, the Macedonian communist elite discussed the idea of scrapping Delchev's name from the anthem of the country and proclaiming him a Bulgarian, but this idea was declined.[124]

After realizing that the Balkan collective memory had already accepted the heroes of the Macedonian revolutionary movement as Bulgarians, Macedonian authorities exerted efforts to claim Delchev for the Macedonian national cause.

Yugoslavs.[130]

Post-communism

See also: Bulgaria–North Macedonia relations

Delchev is today regarded both in

Macedonian colleague Zoran Zaev placed wreaths at the grave of Gotse Delchev on the occasion of the 114th anniversary of the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising.[139] The Macedonian side has recently been interested to negotiate about Delchev.[140] A joint commission on historical issues was also formed in 2018 to resolve controversial historical readings, including the dispute about Delchev's ethnic identity, which remains unresolved.[141][142][143] The Association of Historians in North Macedonia came out against the calls for a joint celebration of Delchev, seeing them as a threat to Macedonian national identity.[144] Macedonian historians insist that the myth of Delchev there is so significant that it is more important than all of the historical research and documents,[145] and therefore his Bulgarian self-identification should not be discussed.[146]

His memory is honored especially in the

Gotse Delchev in Bulgaria and Delčevo in North Macedonia.[61] There are also two peaks named after Delchev: Gotsev Vrah, the summit of Slavyanka Mountain, and Delchev Vrah or Delchev Peak on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands in Antarctica, which was named after him by the scientists from the Bulgarian Antarctic Expedition. The Goce Delčev University of Štip in North Macedonia carries his name too.[148]
Today many artifacts related to Delchev's activity are stored in different museums across Bulgaria and North Macedonia.

During the time of

ethnic Macedonian revolutionary, but a leader of an anti-Serbian organization with a pro-Bulgarian orientation.[150][151]

In Greece the official appeals from the Bulgarian side to the authorities to install a memorial plaque on his place of death are not answered. The memorial plaques set periodically by Bulgarians afterwards are removed. Bulgarian tourists are restrained occasionally to visit the place.[152][153][154]

On February 4, 2023, on the 151st anniversary of the birth of the revolutionary, both the Macedonian and Bulgarian side paid their respects at the St. Spas Church in Skopje separately, while the delegation of North Macedonia declined the offer to jointly lay wreaths proposed by the Bulgarian delegation.[155] Many Bulgarian citizens who wanted to attend the event were held for hours at the border due to a malfunction of the border system.[156][157] However, problems with the admission of the Bulgarians continued even after the processing of their documents.[158] As a result, many Bulgarian citizens and journalists were prevented from crossing.[159] Three citizens were detained, fined and banned from entering the country for 3 years, due to attempting to physically assault policemen.[160][161] According to their lawyer, two of them were apparently beaten.[162][163] Bulgaria officially reacted sharply to these events.[164]

Memorials

  • Monument in Gotse Delchev, Bulgaria.
    Monument in Gotse Delchev, Bulgaria.
  • Monument in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria.
    Monument in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria.
  • Bust in Sofia, Bulgaria.
    Bust in Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Statues of Gotse Delchev and Dame Gruev in Skopje, North Macedonia.
    Statues of Gotse Delchev and Dame Gruev in Skopje, North Macedonia.
  • The tomb of Gotse Delchev in the church Sv. Spas in Skopje.
    The tomb of Gotse Delchev in the church Sv. Spas in Skopje.

Notes

  1. ^ Originally spelled in older Bulgarian orthography as Гоце Дѣлчевъ. - Гоце Дѣлчевъ. Биография. П.К. Яворовъ, 1904.
  2. ^ Below is a statement that the cadet was expelled from the school on the basis of a memorandum of an officer, because of manifest poor behavior, but the school allows him to re-apply to a Commission for recovery of his status.
  3. ^ "During Gotsé's lifetime, the Organization had three Statutes: the first was drawn up by Damé Gruev in 1894, the second by Gyorché Petrov, with some help from Gotsé, after the Salonika Congress in 1896, and the third by Gotsé in 1902 (this was an amended version of the second). Two of these Statutes have come down to us: one entitled 'The Statute of the Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Committees' (BMARC) and the other - 'The Statute of the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization' (SMARO). Neither, however, is dated, and it was long assumed that the Statute of the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization was the one adopted after the Salonika Congress of 1896." For more see: Mercia MacDermott, Freedom or Death: The Life of Gotsé Delchev, p. 157.
  4. ^ "Last week the remains of the great Macedonian revolutionary Gotse Delchev were sent from Sofia to Macedonia, and from now on they will rest in Skopje, the capital of the country for which he gave his life."

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  • ^ In a letter to Nikola Maleshevski dated 5 January 1899, written on the occasion of certain disagreements among members of the organization Delchev wrote: Kolyo, I have received all your letters hitherto sent by you and through you. May the splits and splinterings not frighten us. It is really a pity, but what can we do, since we are Bulgarians and all suffer from one common disease! If this disease did not exist in our ancestors, from whom it is also an inheritance in us, they would not have fallen under the ugly scepter of the Turkish sultans. Our duty, of course, is not to give in to that disease, but can we make others do the same?" Chakalova, N. (ed.) The Unity of the Bulgarian language in the past and today, Publishing House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1980, p. 53.; For more see: Гоце Делчев, Писма и други материали, издирил и подготвил за печат Дино Кьосев, отговорен редактор Воин Божинов; Изд. на Българската академия на науките, Институт за история, София 1967, стр. 183-186. Archived 21 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine
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  • ISBN 1850437874
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  • ^ Пейо Яворов, "Събрани съчинения", Том втори, "Гоце Делчев", Издателство "Български писател", София, 1977, стр. 62–66. (in Bulgarian) In English: Peyo Yavorov, "Complete Works", Volume 2, biography Delchev, Publishing house "Bulgarian writer", Sofia, 1977, pp. 62–66.
  • ISBN 9781443888493
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  • Ottoman Turkish
    : "We inform you, that on April, 22 (May, 5), in the village of Banitsa one of the leaders of the Bulgarian Committees, with name Delchev, was killed". Tashev, Spas., Some Authentic Turkish Documents About Macedonia, International Institute for Macedonia, Sofia, 1998.
  • ^ Александар Стоjaновски - "Турски документи за убиството на Гоце Делчев", Скопjе, 1992 година, стр. 38.
  • ^ Khristo Angelov Khistov (1983). Lindensko-Preobrazhenskoto vŭstanie ot 1903 godina. Institut za istoria (Bŭlgarska akademia na naukite). p. 123. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
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  • ^ Евгений Еков, Гоце Делчев възкръсна с костите си 120 г. след гибелта. БГНЕС, 29.04.2023 г.
  • ^ Ivo Dimitrov (May 6, 2003). "И брястът е изсъхнал край гроба на Гоце, Владимир Смеонов – наш пратеник в Серес". Standart News. Archived from the original on August 29, 2011. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
  • ^ On the plate was this inscription: "In memory of fallen chetniks in the village of Banica on 4 May 1903 for the unification of Macedonia to the mother-country Bulgaria and to the eternal memory of the generations: Gotse Delchev from Kilkis, apostle and leader, Dimitar Gushtanov from Krushovo, Stefan Duhov from the village of Tarlis, Stoyan Zahariev from the village of Banica, Dimitar Palyankov from the village of Gorno Brodi. Their covenant was Freedom or Death." For more: Васил Станчев (2003) Четвъртата версия за убийството на Гоце Делчев, Дружество "Гоце Делчев", Стара Загора, стр. 9.
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  • ^ Дино Кьосев, Гоце Делчев: Писма и други материали (Dino Kyosev, Gotse Delchev: Letters and other materials), Изд. на Българската академия на науките, Институт за история (Published by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of History), София (Sofia) 1967, p. 31.
  • ^ Tusovka team (18 September 1903). "Georgi Khadzhiev, National liberation and libertarian federalism, Sofia 1992, pp. 99–148". Savanne.ch. Archived from the original on 18 September 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
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  • ^ "As a result of the (Salonica) Congress in 1896 a new Statute and Rules, providing for a very centralized form of organization were drawn up by Gyorché Petrov and Gotsé Delchev. The Statute and Rules were probably largely Gyorche's work, based on guidelines agreed by the Congress. He attempted to draw members of the Supreme Macedonian Committee into the task of drafting the Statute by approaching (Andrey) Lyapchev and (Dimitar) Rizov. When, however, Lyapchev produced a first article which would have made the Organization a branch of the Supreme Committee, Gyorché gave up in despair and wrote the Statute himself, with Gotsé's assistance." For more see: Mercia MacDermott, Freedom or Death: The Life of Gotsé Delchev, p. 144.
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  • ^ Vassil Karloukovski. "Българите в най-източната част на Балканския полуостров – Източна Тракия. Димитър Г. Bойников, "Коралов и сие", 2009 г. (Bulgarian) In English: The Bulgarians in the easternmost area of the Balkans – Eastern Thrace, Dimitar G. Voynikov, Publishing house "Koralov and co.", Sofia, 2009". Коралов и сие. Archived from the original on 4 July 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
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  • ^ Гоце Делчев. Писма и други материали, Дино Кьосев, Биографичен очерк, стр. 33.
  • ^ "Review of Chairs of History at Law and History Faculty of South-West University -Blagoevgrad, vol. 2/2005, Културното единство на българския народ в контекста на фирософията на Гоце Делчев, автор Румяна Модева, стр. 2" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2009.
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  • ^ "Internationalism as an alternative political strategy in the modern history of Balkans by Vangelis Koutalis, Greek Social Forum, Thessaloniki, June 2003". Okde.org. 25 October 2002. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  • ^ In a conversation in 1900, with Lozengrad comrades, he was asked whether, in the event of a rising, the Organization should count on help from the Bulgarian Principality, and whether it would not be wiser at the outset to proclaim the union of Macedonia and Thrace with the Principality. Gotse replied: "We have to work courageously, organizing and arming ourselves well enough to take the burden of the struggle upon our own shoulders, without counting on outside help. External intervention is not desirable from the point of view of our cause. Our aim, our ideal is autonomy for Macedonia and the Adrianople region, and we must also bring into the struggle the other peoples who live in these two provinces as well... We, the Bulgarians of Macedonia and Adrianople, must not lose sight of the fact that there are other nationalities and states who are vitally interested in the solution of this questions". Приноси към историята на въстаническото движение в Одринско (1895–1903), т. IV, Бургас – 1941.
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  • ^ "One of IMRO's leaders, Gotsé Delchev, whose nom de guerre was Ahil (Achilles), is regarded by both Macedonians and Bulgarians as a national hero. He seems to have identified himself as a Bulgarian and to have regarded the Slavs of Macedonia as Bulgarians." Encyclopædia Britannica online, article North Macedonia, section: History, subsection: The independence movement. Archived 3 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
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  • ^ "Revolutionary hero's identity stands in the way of Skopje's EU path". Euractiv. Euractiv Bulgaria. 11 September 2020. Archived from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  • ^ My Story, Your Story, History by Boyko Vassilev. 25 June 2019, Transitions Online. Archived 26 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  • ^ Член на историческата комисия от Северна Македония: Единственото сигурно е че ще се умре, но не и дали ще се намери решение за Гоце Делчев до октомври. Август 2019, Агенция "Фокус". Archived 2 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  • ^ Borissov warns North Macedonia against stealing Bulgarian history, by Georgi Gotev. EURACTIV.com. 20.06.2019. Archived 17 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine
  • ^ Goran Simonovski (15 September 2022). "Дали Гоце Делчев треба заеднички да се чествува со Бугарија?". Sitel (in Macedonian). Archived from the original on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  • ^ Ѓоргиев: Гоце Делчев гине за Македонија и од тој аспект не може да го одвоите од македонскиот народ Локално, 30/04/2020. Archived 28 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine
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  • ^ Мария Цветкова: Това, че не бяхме допуснати до паметната плоча на Гоце Делчев, беше демонстрация на антибългарско отношение. Агенция "Фокус", 04 май 2014. Archived 8 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  • ^ Георги Брандийски Гръцките власти задържали наш журналист край лобното място на Гоце Делчев. Dir.bg, 7 май 2018. Archived 1 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine
  • ^ 360степени (4 February 2023). "Преглед на денот: Во Скопје мирно, на Деве Баир тензично за роденденот на Гоце Делчев". 360 степени (in Macedonian). Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • ^ 360степени (4 February 2023). "МВР: Падна системот за контрола на граничните премини, се пропуштаат само итни случаи". 360 степени (in Macedonian). Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • ^ "Сите во Украина, Демерџиев ќе ѝ донира генератори на Македонија -да не паѓал граничниот систем". kanal5.com.mk (in Macedonian). Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  • ^ Демерджиев: Българи са възпрепятствани да влязат в РСМ - неприемливо е! Bulgarian National Television, 4 февруари 2023. Archived 5 February 2023 at the Wayback Machine
  • ^ Почитането на Гоце Делчев: Недопуснати българи и силно напрежение на границата (обновена). Медиапул, 4 февруари 2023 г.
  • ^ 360степени (4 February 2023). "Приведени бугарски државјани кои навредуваа и напаѓаа македонски полицајци на "Деве Баир"". 360 степени (in Macedonian). Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • ^ Угриновска, Соња Христовска (4 February 2023). "По 300 евра казна и 3 години забрана за влез им е пресудено на тројцата Бугари уапсени на Деве Баир". Слободен печат (in Macedonian). Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  • ^ Андоновиќ, Дејан (5 February 2023). "Адвокатот на приведените Бугари на Деве Баир тврди дека тие биле тепани во полициската станица". Слободен печат (in Macedonian). Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  • ^ "Ангел Георгиев: Граничните полицаи от РСМ скочиха на бой, получих множество удари, а съм най-малко битият". bnr.bg (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
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    • Sources

    External links
    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gotse_Delchev&oldid=1208397415"