Government House, Wellington
Government House | |
---|---|
Wellington | |
Country | New Zealand |
Coordinates | 41°18′22″S 174°46′52″E / 41.306114°S 174.7810835°E |
Construction started | 1908 |
Completed | 1910 |
Technical details | |
Floor area | 4,200 square metres (45,000 sq ft) |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | Claude Paton in the office of John Campbell, Government Architect current_tenants = Governor-General of New Zealand |
Website | |
Official website | |
Designated | 25 November 1982 |
Reference no. | 218 |
Government House, Wellington, is the principal residence of the
As well as being an official residence and workplace, Government House is also the main venue where the governor-general entertains members of the public, and receives visiting heads of state and other dignitaries and the credentials of ambassadors to New Zealand. Government House is likewise the location of many award presentations and investitures, and where prime ministers and other
Members of the royal family stay at Government House when on official visits to New Zealand.[1]
History
First Government Houses
When Auckland was the capital of New Zealand from 1841 until 1865, the provision of an official residence for the governor was initially not a priority. It was only during the period of the fourth governor, George Grey, that an official property was provided. The first Wellington Government House was Colonel William Wakefield's villa, located where the Beehive now stands. Wakefield was the agent for the New Zealand Company; he had built the house in 1840, but died in 1848. The residence was then used as a hospital for a short period in 1848 after the Marlborough earthquake. Wakefield's house was a very plain Regency styled building with verandahs,[2] it stood on a hill overlooking the harbour. There is a record of the first Government House Ball being held in it, on 10 February 1849 during George Grey's first period as governor.
Grey was succeeded by Robert Wynyard, then by Thomas Gore Browne (and then Wynyard again). It is possible that neither of these men visited or resided in Wellington during their terms and thus the official status of the Wakefield Villa is uncertain. Grey became governor for a second time in 1861 and he certainly used Wakefield House as his Official Wellington Residence.
Second Government House
In 1865 the capital was transferred from Auckland to Wellington. The need to provide accommodation for the various branches of Government resulted in a flurry of construction and prompted the replacement of the rather plain Government House with a more appropriate building. In 1868 this was embarked upon. As the new Parliament Buildings were directly adjacent it was unsurprising that it was mooted that the new Government House should be in a similar
Despite being built of wood, the second Government House was an imposing structure distinguished by a tower; it was one of several mid-century houses influenced by Queen Victoria's Osbourne House. Designed by William Henry Clayton (1823-1877) and completed around 1871 the second Government House commanded expansive views over the city and harbour and provided a picturesque contrast with the adjacent Gothic styled Parliament Building complex. Its first occupant was Sir George Ferguson Bowen in 1873.
All the succeeding governors resided in the new Clayton building, from Sir James Fergusson to Lord Plunket from 1904. The social climate of the late 19th century required the governor to spend part of the year in other areas of the country – predominately Auckland, although for a while a third Government House was maintained in Christchurch. This pattern doubtless lent longevity to the fabric and decoration of each of the official residences, but relatively little furniture and other items were provided by the government – each successive governor had to provide his household with furniture, linen, china etc. from his own pocket (today the pattern is quite different - with each new incumbent only being required to provide personal items). During its 34-year career as Government House the Clayton building was redecorated and added to but it entered the 20th century largely unaltered.
Following the fire in the wooden Parliament Buildings in 1907, the then Governor-General Lord Plunket offered the use of Government House to house both houses of Parliament until a replacement building could be built. In the interim the Plunkets decamped to Palmerston North between 1908 and 1910 where they resided in a house now called Caccia-Birch. Plunket had been lobbying for a larger and more up-to-date residence to be provided by the Government, hopefully more distant from Parliament and with more private grounds.
Third Government House
The Parliament Building fire nudged the government into commissioning a new Government House to be built. John Dickson-Poynder, 1st Baron Islington was the first governor-general to occupy in Government House, residing there from 1910 to 1912.
Government House closed in October 2008 for a major NZ$44 million conservation and rebuilding project, and was reopened in March 2011.[3] During the refurbishment the governor-general lived at Vogel House in Lower Hutt while in Wellington.[4]
Grounds
The house's grounds are much more private than the previous residence, totalling 12 hectares (30 acres). On one side the gardens border Alexandra Park and the
The extensive grounds also contain tennis and squash courts, a bomb shelter, four cottages and a visitor centre.[5]
Residence
The current residence, in
Many of the rooms are set aside for official state occasions—for example, two dining rooms, a ballroom, a conservatory and drawing rooms.
As a result of renovations undertaken in the early 2000s, new carpets were provided for the public reception rooms. These are large artworks in their own right. The Carpets and rugs were designed by several New Zealand artists; Gavin Chilcott, Andrew McLeod, Tim Main and John Bevan Ford. The weaving was done by the carpet manufacturer Dilana, in association with Athfield Architects. The design of the Drawing Room carpet by Gavin Chilcott is derived from the silver fern. Of particular interest is the spectacular kowhaiwhai pattern, composed into a huge single composition 4 metres (13 ft) x without a repeat, was designed by Andrew McLeod and inspired by Theo Schoon's drawings of Māori designs.[8] This pattern was produced in three different colour-ways and appears in several of the Reception Rooms.
See also
- Government Houses of New Zealand
- Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth
- List of official secretaries to the governor-general of New Zealand
References
- ^ Downes, Siobhan (8 August 2021). "Peek inside the mansion where the royals stay on their New Zealand visits". Stuff. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
- ^ Auckland Libraries, 4-1028
- ^ Michelle Duff (28 March 2011). "Government Houses $44m facelift". Retrieved 18 April 2011.
- ^ "Conservation Project Rationale". Governor-General of New Zealand. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
- ^ "Visitor Centre opening". Governor-General of New Zealand. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
- ^ "Rooms of Government House". Government House. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
- ^ "Government House tours - Wellington". Government House. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
- ^ "Liverpool Room". gg.govt.nz. The Governor-General of New Zealand. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
External links
Media related to Government House, Wellington at Wikimedia Commons