Government of Nepal
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| नेपाल सरकार | |
Rt. Hon. Pushpa Kamal Dahal, Prime Minister of Nepal | |
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| Website | nepal |
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Executive:
Judiciary: |
 Nepal portal |
The Government of Nepal (Nepali: नेपाल सरकार) is the federal executive authority of Nepal. Prior to the abolition of the Nepali monarchy in 2006 (Nepal became a republic in 2008), it was officially known as His Majesty's Government.
The
Parliament
. The heads of constitutional bodies are appointed by the president on the recommendation of Constitutional Council, with the exception of the attorney general, who is appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister.
History
Old Bharadari governmentship
The character of government in Kingdom of Nepal was driven from consultative state capacity of the previous Gorkha hill principality, known as Bharadar.[note 1][1] These Bharadars were not drawn from high caste and politically influential families. For instance; Thar Ghan aristocratic group in the earlier Gorkha hill principality. Bharadars formed a consultative body in the kingdom for the most important functions of the state as councillors, ministers and diplomats.[1] There was no one single successful coalition government as court politics were driven from large factional rivalries, consecutive conspiracies and ostracization of opponent Bharadar families through assassination rather than legal expulsion.[1] Another reason was the minority of the reigning King between 1777 and 1847 that led to establishment of anarchial rule.[2] The government was stated to have been controlled by regents, Mukhtiyars and alliance of political faction with strong fundamental support.[2] In the end of the 18th century, the central politics was regularly dominated by two notable political factions: Thapas and Pandes.[2] As per historians and contemporary writer Francis Hamilton, the government of Nepal[note 2] comprised
- 1 Chautariya
- 4 Kajis
- 4 Sirdar/Sardars
- 2 Subedars
- 1 Khazanchi
- 1 Kapardar.[1]
As for Regmi states, the government of Nepal comprised
- 4 Chautariyas
- 4 Kajis
- 4 Sirdar/Sardars.[1] Later, the number varied after King Rana Bahadur Shah abdicated his throne to minor son in 1799.[1] There were 95 Bharadars as per the copper inscription of King Rana Bahadur Shah.[1]
In 1794, King
Abhiman Singh Basnyat as Chief Kaji[5] while Prince Bahadur Shah was succeeded as Chief (Mul) Chautariya by Prince Ranodyot Shah, then heir apparent of King Rana Bahadur Shah by a Chhetri Queen Subarna Prabha Devi.[4] Kajis had held the administrative and executive powers of nation after the fall of Chief Chautariya Prince Bahadur Shah in 1794. Later, Kirtiman Singh was secretly assassinated on 28 September 1801, by the supporters of Raj Rajeshwari Devi[6] and his brother Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat, was then given the post of Chief (Mul) Kaji.[7] Later Damodar Pande was appointed by Queen Rajrajeshwari as Chief Kaji.[8] When the exiled abdicated King Rana Bahadur Shah prepared his return in 1804, he arrested many government officials including then Chief Kaji Damodar Pande and sacked the reigning government. He took over the administration of Nepal by assuming the position of Mukhtiyar (chief authority).[9][10][11] A new government was constituted with favoring officials. Bhimsen Thapa was made a second kaji; Ranajit Pande, who was the father-in-law of Bhimsen's brother, was made the Mul (Chief) Kaji; Sher Bahadur Shah, Rana Bahadur's half-brother, was made the Mul (Chief) Chautariya; while Rangnath Paudel was made the Raj Guru (royal spiritual preceptor).[12][13] Later in April 1806, tensions arose between Chief Chautariya Sher Bahadur Shah and Mukhtiyar Rana Bahadur Shah on the night of 25 April 1806 during a meeting at Tribhuvan Khawas's house[14][15] where around 10 pm, Sher Bahadur in desperation drew a sword and killed Rana Bahadur Shah before being cut down by nearby courtiers, Bam Shah and Bal Narsingh Kunwar, also allies of Bhimsen.[16][17] The assassination of Rana Bahadur Shah triggered a great massacre in Bhandarkhal (a royal garden east of Kathmandu Durbar) and at the bank of Bishnumati river[18][19] after which Kaji Bhimsen killed 55 senior officials to benefit from the chaos.[20] He was declared Mukhtiyar (Chief Authority) of Nepal and led the new government from a royal mandate of minor King Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah.[21]
Mukhtiyars ruled over the executive and administrative functions of the state until its replacement by British conventional
Mathabar Singh Thapa.[22]
Ideals of the old Bharadari governmentship
The policies of the old Bharadari governments were derived from ancient
Hindu
state.
Structure
Head of State
- Ram Chandra Paudel
- Vice President : Ram Sahaya Yadav
Executive
- Prime Minister : Pushpa Kamal Dahal
- Chief Secretary : Baikuntha Aryal
Legislative
- Speaker of House of Representatives : Dev Raj Ghimire[24]
- Chairman of National Assembly : Narayan Prasad Dahal[25]
Judiciary
Government agencies in Nepal
Ministries
Current cabinet : Dahal cabinet, 2022
Date of formation : 26 December 2022[26]
| S.N. | Ministry | Minister responsible | Website | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Nepali | |||
| 1 | Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
|
प्रधानमन्त्री तथा मन्त्रिपरिषद्को कार्यालय | Pushpa Kamal Dahal | Official website |
| 2 | Ministry of Defence | उप-प्रधान एवं
रक्षा मन्त्रालय |
Purna Bahadur Khadka | Official website |
| 3 | Ministry of Home Affairs | उप- प्रधान एवं
गृह मन्त्रालय |
Rabi Lamichhane | Official website |
| 4 | Ministry of Finance | अर्थ मन्त्रालय | Barsaman
Pun (Magar) |
Official website |
| 5 | Ministry of Health and Population | स्वास्थ्य तथा जनसङ्ख्या मन्त्रालय | Mohan Bahadur Basnet | Official website |
| 6 | Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transportation
|
भौतिक पूर्वाधार तथा यातायात मन्त्रालय | Prakash Jwala | Official website |
| 7 | Ministry of Information and Communications | सञ्चार तथा सूचना प्रविधि मन्त्रालय | Rekha Sharma | Official website |
| 8 | Ministry of Urban Development | सहरी विकास मन्त्रालय | Sita Gurung | Official website |
| 9 | Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development | कृषि तथा पशुपंक्षी विकास मन्त्रालय | Dr. Beduram Bhusal | Official website |
| 10 | Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Supplies
|
उद्योग, वाणिज्य तथा आपूर्ति मन्त्रालय | Ramesh Rijal | Official website |
| 11 | Ministry of Land Management, Cooperatives and Poverty Alleviation
|
भूमि व्यवस्था, सहकारी तथा गरिबी निवारण मन्त्रालय | Ranjita Shrestha | Official website |
| 12 | Ministry of Water Supply
|
खानेपानी मन्त्रालय | Mahendra Raya Yadav | Official website |
| 13 | Ministry of Foreign Affairs | परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय | Narayan kaji shreshtha | Official website |
| 14 | Ministry of Women, Children and Senior Citizen
|
महिला, बालबालिका तथा ज्येष्ठ नागरिक मन्त्रालय | Surendra Raj Acharya | Official website |
| 15 | Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigatio | उर्जा, जलश्रोत तथा सिँचाइ मन्त्रालय | Sakti Bahadur Basnet | Official website |
| 16 | Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation
|
संस्कृति, पर्यटन तथा नागरिक उड्डयन मन्त्रालय | Hit Bahadur Tamang | Official website |
| 17 | Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration
|
सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालय | Anita Devi | Official website |
| 18 | Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs | कानुन, न्याय तथा संसदीय मामिला मन्त्रालय | Dhanraj Gurung | Official website |
| 19 | Ministry of Forests and Environment
|
वन तथा वातावरण मन्त्रालय | Birendra Prasad Mahatho | Official website |
| 20 | Ministry of Youth and Sports | युवा तथा खेलकुद मन्त्रालय | Dig Bahadur Limbu | Official website |
| 21 | Ministry of Education, Science and Technology | शिक्षा, विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि मन्त्रालय | Sumana Shrestha | Official website |
| 22 | Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security | श्रम, रोजगार तथा सामाजिक सुरक्षा मन्त्रालय | Sarad Singh Bhandari | Official website |
Constitutional bodies
| Constitutional body | Head of constitutional body | |
|---|---|---|
| Position/Title | Name | |
Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority |
Chief Commissioner | Prem Kumar Rai |
Office of The Attorney General |
Attorney General | Dinmani Pokharel |
| Office of the Auditor General | Auditor General | Tanka Mani Sharma (Dangal) |
Election Commission |
Chief Election Commission | Dinesh Thapaliya |
| Public Service Commission | Chairman | Madhav Prasad Regmi |
| National Women Commission | Chairperson | Kamala Kumari Parajuli |
| National Human Rights Commission | Chairman | Top Bahadur Magar |
| National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission | Chairman | Balananda Poudel |
Security services
| Security Service | Head of agency | |
|---|---|---|
| Position/Title | Current Head | |
Nepal Army |
Chief of Army Staff (प्रधान सेनापति) |
Gen. Prabhu Ram Sharma |
| Nepal Police | Inspector General (प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक) |
Basanta Bahadur Kunwar |
Armed Police Force |
Inspector General (सशस्त्र प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक) | Raju Aryal |
National Investigation Department |
Chief Investigation Director | Hutaraj Thapa |
International organisation participation
United Nations, UNDP Nepal, SAARC, ESCAP, FAO, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WTO.
See also
- Local self-government in Nepal
- List of mayors of places in Nepal
Notes
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Pradhan 2012, p. 8.
- ^ a b c Pradhan 2012, p. 9.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 14.
- ^ a b c Pradhan 2012, p. 12.
- ^ Karmacharya 2005, p. 56.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 34.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 35.
- ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 14.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 54.
- ^ Nepal 2007, p. 57.
- ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 15.
- ^ Nepal 2007, p. 58.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 55.
- ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 64–66.
- ^ Nepal 2007, p. 62.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 67.
- ^ Nepal 2007, pp. 62–63.
- ^ Acharya 2012, pp. 68–71.
- ^ Nepal 2007, pp. 63–64.
- ^ Pradhan 2012, p. 16.
- ^ Acharya 2012, p. 71.
- ^ Kandel, Devi Prasad (2011). Pre-Rana Administrative System. Chitwan: Siddhababa Offset Press. p. 95.
- ^ a b c d e Pradhan 2012, p. 7.
- ^ "Ghimire elected Speaker of the House of Representatives". The Kathmandu Post. January 19, 2023. Archived from the original on Jan 22, 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
- ^ "Timilsina officially elected as NA chairperson". The Kathmandu Post. Mar 14, 2018. Archived from the original on Jul 30, 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
- ^ "Dahal sworn in as prime minister". The Kathmandu Post. Dec 26, 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
Works cited
- Acharya, Baburam (2012), Acharya, Shri Krishna (ed.), Janaral Bhimsen Thapa : Yinko Utthan Tatha Pattan (in Nepali), Kathmandu: Education Book House, p. 228, ISBN 9789937241748
- Karmacharya, Ganga (2005), Queens in Nepalese Politics: an account of roles of Nepalese queens in state affairs, 1775-1846, Nepal: Educational Publishing House, ISBN 9789994633937
- Nepal, Gyanmani (2007), Nepal ko Mahabharat (in Nepali) (3rd ed.), Kathmandu: Sajha, p. 314, ISBN 9789993325857
- Pradhan, Kumar L. (2012), Thapa Politics in Nepal: With Special Reference to Bhim Sen Thapa, 1806–1839, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, p. 278, ISBN 9788180698132
External links
- Official website (archived 5 October 2017)
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