Grüner Veltliner

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Tarant Bily" redirects here. For the German wine grape that is also known as Tarant Bily, see Elbling.
Grüner Veltliner
Grape (Vitis)
Color of berry skinBlanc
SpeciesVitis vinifera
Also calledGrüner Muskateller, Veltliner (more)
OriginAustria?
Notable regionsLower Austria, Burgenland, Slovakia, Moravia
Notable winesSmaragds from Wachau
VIVC number12930

Grüner Veltliner (Green Veltliner) German:

grape variety grown primarily in Austria, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. The leaves of the grape vine are five-lobed with bunches that are long but compact, and deep green grapes that ripen in mid-late October in the Northern Hemisphere
.

In 2008, Grüner Veltliner plantations in Austria stood at 17,151 hectares (42,380 acres), and it accounts for 32.6% of all vineyards in the country, almost all of it being grown in the northeast of the country. Thus, it is the most-planted grape variety in Austria. Some is made into

Wachau, Kremstal and Kamptal, it grows with Riesling in terraces on slopes so steep they can barely retain any soil. The result is a very pure, mineral wine capable of long aging, that stands comparison with some of the great wines of the world. In recent blind tastings organized by the Austrian Wine Marketing Board, Grüner Veltliners have beaten world-class Chardonnays from the likes of Mondavi and Maison Louis Latour.[1]

Outside of Austria, Grüner Veltliner is the second most widely grown white grape variety in the Czech Republic, encompassing approximately 2,120 hectares (5,200 acres) and resulting in approximately 11% of Czech wine production.

South Australia, as well as the Okanagan Valley
of British Columbia, Canada.

Some ampelographers (such as Hermann Goethe in his 1887 handbook of ampelography) have long assumed that Grüner Veltliner is not related to the other varieties with "Veltliner" in their name (such as Roter Veltliner), or that it is only distantly related.[3] A first DNA analysis in the late 1990s secured Savagnin (Traminer) as one parent of Grüner Veltliner, but was not able to identify the other parent among the candidates studied.[4] The other parent was later found to be an originally unnamed variety of which only a single, abandoned, very old and weakened vine was found in Sankt Georgen am Leithagebirge outside Eisenstadt in Austria. The grape is therefore referred to as St. Georgener-Rebe or "St. Georgen-vine".[5]

Grüner Veltliner has a reputation of being a particularly

aging. The steep vineyards of the Danube (Donau) west of Vienna
produce very pure, mineral Grüner Veltliners intended for laying down. Down in the plains, citrus and peach flavors are more apparent, with spicy notes of pepper and sometimes tobacco.

History

Location of Eisenstadt in the Burgenland region of eastern Austria near the town of Sankt Georgen am Leithagebirge where the surviving parent vine of Grüner Veltliner, St. Georgener-Rebe, was found

Grüner Veltliner has been believed to date back to

Second World War, it was regarded as just another Austrian grape, but after the introduction of Lenz Moser's Hochkultur system of vine training, it expanded quickly in plantation from the 1950s to later become Austria's most planted variety.[4]

In recent years, Grüner Veltliner has seen an uptick in interest following the results of a 2002

Burgundy.[7]

Pedigree

Through Savagnin, Grüner Veltliner is either a grandchild or a half-sibling of Pinot noir (pictured).

In 2007,

crossing of Savagnin (Traminer) and an obscure Austrian grapevine from the village of Sankt Georgen am Leithagebirge located outside Eisenstadt in the Burgenland region of eastern Austria.[5] The vine was first found in 2000 in an overgrown part of a pasture in a location where there had not been any vineyard since the late 19th century, and is assumed to have been the last vine in this location for over a century. Local experts were not able to determine the variety of the vine. Only when it was threatened to be ripped out in 2005 additional samples were taken and later analyzed at Klosterneuburg. Genetic analysis in the following years by Ferdinand Regner was able to determine that St. Georgener-Rebe is a parent variety to Grüner Veltliner.[3][8][9]

St. Georgener-Rebe was once known under the synonym Grüner Muskateller but appears to have no direct relationship to the

cuttings of the vine for vineyard plantings and commercial cultivation.[5][10]

Relationship to other grapes

Through its parent, Savagnin, Grüner Veltliner is a half sibling of Rotgipfler and is either a grandchild or a half-sibling to Pinot noir which has a parent-offspring relationship with Savagnin. The nature of this relationship is unclear since DNA profiling has not yet determined between Pinot and Savagnin which grape is the parent and which grape is the offspring.[5]

Despite having the name Grüner Veltliner, the grape has no known connection to other Veltliner grapes including

color mutation of Grüner Veltliner.[5]

Viticulture

Grüner Veltliner being hand harvested at Hahndorf Hill vineyard in the Adelaide Hills

Grüner Veltliner is a mid-ripening grape variety that usually does not have an issue achieving

rust mites that feed on grape leaves.[5]

While Grüner Veltliner can grow on a variety of

vine training systems, in Austria Grüner Veltliner has been historically trained in the Lenz Moser style developed in the 1920s. Known as the "high culture" or Hochkultur method because of how relatively high (1.3 metres (4.3 ft)) the vine trunk is allowed to grow, the goal is to reduce vine density by spacing the vines in wide rows that are 3.5 meters (11.5 ft) apart.[12]

Wine regions

Grüner Veltliner is most closely associated with Austria where it is the most widely planted grape variety in the country, covering almost a third of all Austrian vineyards, with 17,034 hectares (42,092 acres) in cultivation in 2012. The grape is authorized in five

full bodied wines with peach flavor notes.[5]

Grüner Veltliner planted in the vineyards along the Danube in Wachau

The Weinviertel region in the northeast, along the border with the

Burgundian wine traits as they age.[5]

In the vineyard area around

botryized Trockenbeerenauslese styles of Grüner Veltliner can be produced.[5]

In Krems-Hollenburg, located just east of Krems an der Donau, one of the oldest vineyards in Austria still being used for commercial wine production is home to old vines of Grüner Veltliner that are more than 150 years old.[5]

Other European wine regions

Grüner Veltliner is known as Veltlinske Zelené in

Slovakia where it is the most widely planted white grape variety in the country. The grape's 3,805 hectares (9,402 acres) represent almost one-fifth of all grape plantings in the country. Across the border in the Czech Republic, the local synonym for Grüner Veltliner is similar, Veltlinské zelené, with 1,713 hectares (4,233 acres) in production as of 2011.[5]

In

uprooted and replaced with other varieties. Grüner Veltliner is a permitted variety in the Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) wines of Valdadige DOC and Valle Isarco DOC.[5]

A Grüner Veltliner from the Willamette Valley wine region of Oregon

In

France, the grape is not permitted in any Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) wine however there are a few hectares of Grüner Veltliner being cultivated on an experimental basis in the country.[5]

There is 1,439 hectares (3,560 acres) of Grüner Veltliner planted in

Bulgaria.[5]

In the New World

In recent years, plantings of Grüner Veltliner have been expanding in the

Marlborough and Central Otago
. It is grown in Central by Ata Mara vineyards one of the southernmost vineyards in the world. The first bottle of Gruner Veltliner was produced by Ata Mara in 2013. Central Otago has a climate similar to the region of Wachau in Austria with hot day time temperatures and cool nights.

In Canada, Grüner Veltliner is found in

Umpqua Valley. In the Umpqua Valley, Reustle Prayer Rock Vineyards is believed to be the first winery in the United States to produce a commercial Grüner Veltliner with their 2005 release.[13][14] Other notable Oregon Growers include Chehalem Winery, Raptor Ridge Winery, and Illahe Vineyards. New York State's Finger Lakes AVA is home to some small plantings of Grüner Veltliner due to the cool climate and proximity to the glacially formed Finger Lakes which help mitigate excessive cold in the early spring and the winter. Lamoreaux Landing is one of a few notable Finger Lakes wineries that produces Grüner Veltliner.[15]

Additional American plantings of Grüner Veltliner are found in

Pennsylvania. American Grüner Veltliners tend to be medium bodied, lightly fruity with high acidity and spice notes.[18]

In California, one of the early plantings of Grüner Veltliner was in the

Napa Valley. In 2006, the 1/3 acre planting of the grape at Von Strasser Winery in Diamond Mountain was the only recorded planting of Grüner Veltliner in the state of California.[19]

An Australian Gruner from Hahndorf Hill Winery in the Adelaide Hills

In

acidity during the cool nights.[21]

The first

Canberra winery Lark Hill followed by Hahndorf Hill in 2010.[5]

Styles

Grüner Veltliner can be produced in a variety of styles from simple

white pepper, lentil and celery note with some examples showing citrus notes and more full bodied examples having what Clarke describes as a "honeyed weight" to them.[11]

Despite many believing that white pepper aromatics (Rotundone) is a signature feature of Gruner Veltliner, it has been regularly noted in articles by wine expert Jancis Robinson and other writers on Ms. Robinson's web pages,[22] that this is not the case. In recent decades, Ms Robinson has observed that this white pepper characteristic has become less noticeable and nowadays, more often than not, is absent in many classic examples of this variety.

According to wine expert Tom Stevenson, Grüner Veltliner is often lightly fruity with noticeable spice and characteristic white pepper note. Well-made examples from favorable vintages can have a similarity to Chardonnay produced in Burgundy. And, like Chardonnay, the variety can be made in an overly oaky and "fat" style. Unoaked examples can exhibit a minerality similar to Riesling.[7]

Master of Wine Jancis Robinson notes that Grüner Veltliner is usually produced

dry with spicy, peppery notes. It is often full-bodied and with age can take on aromas and flavors similar to white Burgundies.[12]

Synonyms

Over the years Grüner Veltliner, which colloquially is sometimes referred to as GrüVe, has been known under the following synonyms: Bielospicak, Cima Biancam, Dreimänner, Feherhegyü, Feldlinger, Grauer Veltliner (in Austria), Green Veltliner, Grün Muskateller, Grüne Manhardsrebe, Grüner, Grüner Muskateler (in Austria), Grüner Muskateller (in common usage until the 1930s), Grüner Velteliner, Grüner Weissgipfler, Grüner Weltliner, Grünmuskateller, Gruner Veltliner, Manhardsrebe, Manhardtraube, Manhartsrebe, Mauhardsrebe, Mouhardrebe, Mouhardsrebe, Muskatel, Muskatel Zeleny, Nemes Veltelini, Plinia Austriaca, Ranfol bianco, Ranfol Bijeli, Ranfol Weisser, Rdeci Veltinec, Reifler Weiss, Ryvola Bila, Tarant Bily, Valtelin blanc, Valtelina vert, Valteliner, Valteliner blanc, Valteliner vert, Velteliner Grüner, Velteliner vert, Velteliner Weisser, Veltelini Zöld, Veltlin Zeleny, Veltlinac Zeleni, Veltlinec, Veltliner (in Alto Adige), Veltliner blanc, Veltliner grau (in Austria), Veltliner Grun, Veltliner Gruner, Veltliner Grün, Veltliner verde, Veltlini, Veltlinske zelené (in Slovakia), Veltlínské zelené (in Czech Republic), Veltlinski Zelenii, Veltlinsky Vert, Veltlinsky Zeleny, Vetlinac, Vetlinac Zeleni, Weisser Raifler, Weisser Reifler, Weisser Valteliner, Weisser Velteliner, Weisser Veltliner, Weissgipfler (in Austria), Weissgipfler Grüner, Yesil Veltliner, Zeleni Vetlinac (in Slovenia), Zeleny Muskatel, Zleni Veltinac, Zöld Muskotally, Zöld Muskotalynak, Zöld Veltelini (in Hungary), Zöld Velteliny, Zöldveltelini and Zold Veltelini.[5][23][24]

References

  1. ^ Robinson, Jancis (2002-11-16). "Grüner Veltliner - distinctly groovy grape". jancisrobinson.com. Archived from the original on 2007-07-02. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
  2. ^ Wine of Czech Republic: Statistics and Charts Archived 2008-06-11 at the Wayback Machine, accessed July 1, 2011
  3. ^ a b c Wein-Plus Glossar: Grüner Veltliner, accessed 2013-01-22
  4. ^ a b c "Grüner Veltliner – Austrias Secret Weapon" (PDF). Austrian Wine Marketing Service. April 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-1-846-14446-2
  6. ISBN 1-85732-999-6
  7. ^
    ISBN 9780756686840
  8. ^ Elternteil des Grünen Veltliners gefunden[permanent dead link], Der Winzer 2009-08-06 (in German)
  9. ^ Pressemappe zum Pressegespräch „Vater (-rebe) des Grünen Veltliner gefunden“, 2009-08-06 (in German)
  10. ^ Nick Stephens "Unique, Ancient St Georgen Vine Vandalized Archived 2013-10-30 at the Wayback Machine" Bordeaux Undiscovered, February 15th, 2011
  11. ^
    ISBN 0-15-100714-4
  12. ^
    ISBN 0-19-860990-6
  13. ^ Dan Berger "Go Ahead, Say It: Umpqua Better You Should Taste It" Appellation America. March 17th, 2008
  14. ISBN 9780881929669
  15. ^ "5 best Finger Lakes wineries for great wines and outstanding tasting rooms". 24 April 2015.
  16. ^ Outer Coastal Plain AVA "Outer Coastal Plain AVA Archived 2013-03-23 at the Wayback Machine" OCPVA. March 10, 2015
  17. ^ Bellview Winery "Instagram.com - Bellview Winery" Bellview Winery. March 10, 2015
  18. ^ Appellation America "Gruner Veltliner" Grape Profiles. Accessed: May 12th, 2013
  19. ^ Alan Goldfarb "Adding Austrian Flavor to the Diamond Mountain District: An interview with Rudy von Strasser" Appellation America. October 12th, 2006
  20. ^ James Halliday Gruner veltliner – the next big thing? Australian Wine Companion. June 3, 2011
  21. ^ Valerina Changarathil, Gruner Veltliner wine grape variety to be grown in Adelaide Hills Adelaide Now, January 25, 2011
  22. ^ "2009 Grüner Veltliner & the missing pepper | JancisRobinson.com". www.jancisrobinson.com. March 10, 2011.
  23. ^ Vitis International Variety Catalogue: Veltliner Gruen Archived 2012-03-23 at the Wayback Machine, accessed on December 27, 2009
  24. ^ Robinson, Jancis. "Grüner Veltliner". Archived from the original on 19 September 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2009.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grüner_Veltliner&oldid=1180438013"