Graeco-Armenian
Graeco-Armenian | |
---|---|
(proposed) | |
Geographic distribution | Southern Europe and the Caucasus |
Linguistic classification | Indo-European
|
Proto-language | Proto-Graeco-Armenian |
Subdivisions |
Hypothetical Indo-European phylogenetic clades |
---|
Balkan |
Other |
Graeco-Armenian (or Helleno-Armenian)
History
The Graeco-Armenian hypothesis originated in 1924 with
Evaluation of the hypothesis is tied up with the analysis of Indo-European languages, such as
In a 2005 publication, a group of linguists and statisticians, comprising
An interrelated problem is whether a "Balkan Indo-European" subgroup of Indo-European exists, which would consist not only of Greek and Armenian but also Albanian and possibly dead languages, such as Ancient Macedonian and Phrygian. The Balkan subgroup, in turn, is supported by the lexico-statistical method of Hans J. Holm.[13] However, Donald Ringe has stated and reiterated a finding, which surprised him, to the effect that Albanian was descended from a language that formed a clade with Proto-Germanic (rather than the other Balkan languages).
The authors of a 2022 genetic study argued that Armenian and Greek are related by "their shared Yamnaya heritage."[14]
Criticism
Many modern scholars have rejected the Graeco-Armenian hypothesis, arguing that the linguistic proximity between the two languages has been overstated.[15][16][17][18][19][20] Clackson asserts that the Armenian language is as close to Indo-Iranian as it is to Greek and Phrygian.[20] Ronald I. Kim has noted unique morphological developments connecting Armenian to Balto-Slavic.[15] In sum, Clackson and Kim argue that the Armenian language is closest to Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic, and the similarities in the development of Armenian with Greek and Phrygian are random and independent of each other.
See also
- Armenian hypothesis
- Proto-Armenian
- Phrygians
References
Citations
- ^ Hamp 1976, p. 91.
- ^ Pedersen 1924.
- ^ Meillet 1925, pp. 1–6; Meillet 1927, pp. 129–135.
- ^ Meillet 1903.
- ^ Solta 1960.
- ^ Hamp 1976, p. 91.
- ^ Clackson 1995, p. 202.
- ^ Martirosyan 2013, p. 86.
- ^ Martirosyan 2013, p. 85.
- ^ Georgiev 1981, p. 192.
- ^ Greppin 1996, p. 804.
- ^ Gray & Atkinson 2003, pp. 437–438; Nakhleh et al. 2005, pp. 171–192.
- ^ Holm 2008, pp. 628–636.
- ^ Lazaridis & Alpaslan-Roodenberg 2022.
- ^ S2CID 231923312. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ James Clackson (1995). The Linguistic Relationship Between Armenian and Greek. Publications of the Philological Society.
- ISBN 978-80-7308-312-0.
- ISBN 9781884964985.
- ^ Brixhe C. (2008). "Phrygian". The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 72.
- ^ a b Clackson, James P.T. (2008). "Classical Armenian". The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 124.
Sources
- ISBN 9780631191971.
- ISBN 9789535172611.
- Gray, Russell D.; Atkinson, Quentin D. (2003). "Language-tree Divergence Times Support the Anatolian Theory of Indo-European Origin". Nature. 426 (6965): 435–439. S2CID 42340.
- JSTOR 416105.
- Hamp, Eric (1976). "*gweiH- "live"". In Davies, Anna Morpurgo; Meid, Wolfgang (eds.). Studies in Greek, Italic and Indo-European Linguistics offered to Leonhard R. Palmer. Innsbruck: University of Innsbruck. pp. 87–91.
- Holm, Hans J. (2008). "The Distribution of Data in Word Lists and its Impact on the Subgrouping of Languages". In Preisach, Christine; Burkhardt, Hans; Schmidt-Thieme, Lars; Decker, Reinhold (eds.). Data Analysis, Machine Learning, and Applications. Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft für Klassifikation e.V., Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, March 7–9, 2007. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 628–636. ISBN 9783540782469.
- Holst, Jan Henrik (2009). Armenische Studien (in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 9783447061179.
- Lazaridis, Iosif; Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül; et al. (26 August 2022). "The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe". S2CID 251843620.
- S2CID 212688448.
- Meillet, Antoine (1925). "Remarques sur l'étymologie de quelques mots grecs". Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French). 26: 1–6.
- Meillet, Antoine (1927). "De la prothèse vocalique en grec et en arménien". Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French). 27: 129–135.
- Meillet, Antoine (1903). Esquisse d'une grammaire comparée de l'arménien classique (in French). Vienna: Imprimerie des PP. Mékhitharistes.
- Nakhleh, Luay; Warnow, Tandy; Ringe, Don; Evans, Steven N. (2005). "A Comparison of Phylogenetic Reconstruction Methods on an Indo-European Dataset" (PDF). Transactions of the Philological Society. 3 (2): 171–192. .
- Pedersen, Holger (1924). "Armenier Sprache". In Ebert, Max (ed.). Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte (in German). Vol. 1. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 219–226.
- Schmitt, R. (1972). "Die Erforschung des Klassisch-Armenischen seit Meillet (1936)". Kratylos (in German). 17: 1–68.
- Solta, G. R. (1960). Die Stellung des Armenischen im Kreise der Indogermanischen Sprachen (in German). Vienna: Mechitharisten-Buchdruck.