Graham Steell murmur
| Graham Steell murmur | |
|---|---|
| Differential diagnosis | pulmonary regurgitation |
A Graham Steell murmur is a heart murmur typically associated with pulmonary regurgitation.[1][2] It is a high pitched early diastolic murmur heard best at the left sternal edge in the second intercostal space with the patient in full inspiration, originally described in 1888.
The murmur is heard due to a high
cor pulmonale (pulmonary heart disease) as a result of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.[citation needed
]
In cases of mitral obstruction the murmur is occasionally heard over the pulmonary area and below this region, for the distance of an inch or two along the left border of the sternum.[3] It's also rarely over the lowest part of the bone itself, a soft blowing diastolic murmur immediately following P2.[3]
It is named after Graham Steell.[4]
References
- ^ Archives of Diagnosis, Volume 10. University of Chicago. 1918. p. 60. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
- ISBN 9781582553580.
- ^ ISBN 9789385999451.
- PMID 2023159.