Grain
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A grain is a small, hard, dry
After being harvested, dry grains are more durable than other
Grains and cereal
Grains and cereal are synonymous with
Classification
Cereal grains
A
Cereals were
Warm-season cereals
- finger millet
- fonio
- foxtail millet
- Japanese millet
- Job's tears
- kodo millet
- maize (corn)
- millet
- pearl millet
- proso millet
- sorghum
Cool-season cereals
Pseudocereal grains
Starchy grains from broadleaf (dicot) plant families:
- kiwicha
- buckwheat (Smartweed family)
- chia (Mint family)
- Goosefoot family)
- kañiwa
Pulses
- chickpeas
- common beans
- common peas (garden peas)
- fava beans
- lentils
- lima beans
- lupins
- mung beans
- peanuts
- pigeon peas
- runner beans
- soybeans
Oilseeds
Oilseed grains are grown primarily for the extraction of their edible oil. Vegetable oils provide dietary energy and some essential fatty acids.[3] They are also used as fuel and lubricants.[4]
Mustard family
- black mustard
- India mustard
- canola)
Aster family
Other families
- flax seed (Flax family)
- hemp seed (Hemp family)
- poppy seed (Poppy family)
Ancient grains
Ancient grains is a marketing term used to describe a category of grains and pseudocereals that are purported to have been minimally changed by selective breeding over recent millennia, as opposed to more widespread cereals such as corn, rice and modern varieties of wheat, which are the product of thousands of years of selective breeding. Ancient grains are often marketed as being more nutritious than modern grains, though their health benefits over modern varieties have been disputed by some nutritionists.[5][6]
Ancient grains include varieties of wheat:Historical importance
Because grains are small, hard and dry, they can be stored, measured, and transported more readily than can other kinds of food crops such as fresh fruits, roots and tubers. The development of grain agriculture allowed excess food to be produced and stored easily which could have led to the creation of the first temporary settlements and the division of society into classes.[12]
This assumption that grain agriculture led to early settlements and social stratification has been challenged by James Scott in his book Against the Grain.[13] He argues that the transition from hunter-gatherer societies to settled agrarian communities was not a voluntary choice driven by the benefits of increased food production due to the long storage potential of grains, but rather that the shift towards settlements was a coerced transformation imposed by dominant members of a society seeking to expand control over labor and resources.
Trade
The
The grain trade is as old as agricultural settlement, identified in many of the early cultures that adopted sedentary farming. Major societal changes have been directly connected to the grain trade, such as the fall of the Roman Empire. From the early modern period onward, grain trade has been an important part of colonial expansion and international power dynamics. The geopolitical dominance of countries like Australia, the United States, Canada and the Soviet Union during the 20th century was connected with their status as grain surplus countries.
More recently,Occupational safety and health
Those who handle grain at grain facilities may encounter numerous
.See also
- Ancient grains
- Cereals
- Domestication
- Grain drying
- Legume
- List of dried foods
- List of Five grains in world culture
- Mycoestrogen
- Perennial grain
- Staple foods
- Vegetable fats and oils
- Gluten
References
- ^ Babcock, P. G., ed. 1976. Webster's Third New Dictionary. Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co.
- ISBN 978-0-309-04264-2.
- ISBN 978-1-4441-1337-2.
- ISBN 9780442001124.
- ^ a b Conis, Elena (19 February 2011). "Ancient grains: The best thing since sliced bread?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ a b c Joanna Jolly (16 December 2014). "Why do Americans love ancient grains?". BBC News. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
- ^ a b Clark, Melissa (13 March 2015). "Know Your Heirloom and Ancient Grains". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ Dan Charles (8 December 2014). "'Ancient Grains' Go From Fringe Food To New Cheerios Variety : The Salt". NPR. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ Vara, Vauhini (24 October 2014). "Why We're Willing to Pay More for Cereals with Ancient Grains". The New Yorker. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ Zevnik, Neil (7 January 2014). "Ancient Grains: Everything Old Is New Again". Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
- ^ Charlie Fox, Freekeh Recipes: A Guide to Cooking with this Ancient Grain, 2020
- ^ Wessel, T. (1984). "The Agricultural Foundations of Civilization". Journal of Agriculture and Human Values. 1 (2): 9–12.
- ISBN 9780300240214.
- S2CID 8045747.
- ^ "Climate Change Is Likely to Devastate the Global Food Supply". Time. Retrieved 2022-04-02.
- ^ "CLIMATE CHANGE LINKED TO GLOBAL RISE IN FOOD PRICES – Climate Change". Retrieved 2022-04-02.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-04-02.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions About Flowing Grain Entrapment, Grain Rescue and Strategies, and Grain Entrapment Prevention Measures" (PDF). Agricultural Safety and Health Program, Purdue University. April 2011. p. 1. Retrieved November 4, 2012.
- ^ Occupational Safety and Health Administration. "Combustible Dust in Industry: Preventing and Mitigating the Effects of Fire and Explosions". Safety and Health Information Bulletin. United States Department of Labor. Retrieved 29 October 2013.