Grand Duke of Finland

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Grand Duke of Finland, alternatively the

Kristina and Ulrika Eleonora. A few crown princes of Sweden also were called Grand Duke of Finland.[1]

Swedish era until 1809

Around 1580,

Tsardom. Not only was Finland added, but Karelia, Ingria, and Livonia
, all of which were along the Swedish-Russian border. It is said that the first use of the new title was in an occasion to contact Tsar Ivan.

During the next 140 years, the title was used by Johan's successors on the Swedish throne, with the exception of

King Gustav IV Adolf
gave the title to his new-born son, Prince Carl Gustaf, who died three years later.

Russian era 1809–1917

Grand Duke
of Finland in the Russian Empire.

During the

autonomous Grand Duchy, as in an informal real union with the Russian Empire
.

The Imperial Grand Duke of Finland ruled Finland through his Governor General and a national Senate appointed by him. Although no Grand Duke ever explicitly recognised Finland as a separate state in its own right, the country nevertheless enjoyed a high degree of autonomy even before its independence in 1917.

Grand Dukes

Grand Duke
(Birth–Death) 		Reign
Alexander I
(1777–1825) 		1809–1825
Nicholas I
(1796–1855) 		1825–1855
Alexander II
(1818–1881) 		1855–1881
Alexander III
(1845–1894) 		1881–1894
Nicholas II

(1868–1918) 		1894–1917

Independence since 1917

Finland was declared an independent nation state on 6 December 1917. After the Civil War in 1918, there was a brief attempt to make Finland a kingdom from 9 October to 14 December 1918.

In 1919, Finland was declared a republic. Since then, all titles of monarchs are obsolete in the country.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Nordisk Familjebok, Virtual Finland Archived 2004-08-29 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Titles of European hereditary rulers, here Sweden.
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