Grand Forks, British Columbia
Grand Forks | |
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Kettle River | |
| Website | grandforks |
Grand Forks is a city in the Boundary Country of the West Kootenay region of British Columbia, Canada. It is located at the confluence of the Granby and Kettle Rivers, a tributary of the Columbia River. The city is just north of the Canada–United States border, approximately 500 km (310 mi) from Vancouver and 200 km (120 mi) from Kelowna and 23 km (14 mi) west of the resort area of Christina Lake by road.
History
In 1894, a new settlement at the North Fork bridge, where the rivers join, was called Grand Forks. However, the valley, dominated by copper mining, was called Grand Prairie, and early settlers equally used that name for the town.[3] The city was laid out in 1895 and Grand Forks was established as a city on 15 April 1897. The adjacent City of Columbia was incorporated on 4 May 1899.[4] By 1902, Grand Forks had three railways, lumber mills, a smelter, mines, a post office, a school and a hospital. The railways servicing Grand Forks were the Canadian Pacific Railway's (CP) Columbia and Western Railway, the Kettle River Valley Railway, and the Great Northern Railway (GNR). Grand Forks and Columbia amalgamated in 1903,[5][6] but only after lengthy disagreements over an acceptable name.[7] In 1907, it was the home of a local branch of the Western Federation of Miners.[8]
In 1908 and 1911, the downtown core was affected by a fire, because of wood-frame buildings and stores. Between the years of 1909 and 1913, a group of pacifist Russian immigrants known as Doukhobors settled in the area because of the fertile farm land. Today, many residents of Grand Forks are descendants of the Doukhobors. In 1991, CP decommissioned their railway line through Grand Forks, and the former right-of-way became part of the Trans Canada Trail. The Kettle Falls International Railway, the only remaining operator, which services the former GN route, plans to decommission the line north of Laurier, Washington by 2023.[9] Grand Forks has been promoting industrial growth, which has been declining since the early 2000s. Over time, Grand Forks has gradually expanded in population and now has 4,049 residents within its city limits. The greater rural area, (Area D of the Regional District of Kootenay-Boundary), has another ~3,500 residents.
In May 2018 Grand Forks, and the Boundary region as a whole, were affected by flooding of the Kettle and Granby Rivers. Low-lying areas, including part of the downtown core, saw extensive damage. The Ruckle neighborhood was most affected. The federal government is expected to buy out all the homes in North Ruckle and turn the area back into a natural flood plain.
Demographics
| 2021 | 2016 | 2011 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 4,112 (+1.6% from 2016) | 4,049 (1.6% from 2011) | 3,985 (-1.3% from 2006) |
| Land area | 10.37 km2 (4.00 sq mi) | 10.43 km2 (4.03 sq mi) | 10.43 km2 (4.03 sq mi) |
| Population density | 396.4/km2 (1,027/sq mi) | 388.1/km2 (1,005/sq mi) | 382.0/km2 (989/sq mi) |
| Median age | 56.0 (M: 54.0, F: 57.6) | 55.1 (M: 53.6, F: 56.4) | 52.3 (M: 50.6, F: 53.8) |
| Private dwellings | 1,969 (total) 1,871 (occupied) | 1,944 (total) | 1,918 (total) |
| Median household income | $61,600 | $26,395 |
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Grand Forks had a population of 4,112 living in 1,871 of its 1,969 total private dwellings, a change of 1.6% from its 2016 population of 4,049. With a land area of 10.37 km2 (4.00 sq mi), it had a population density of 396.5/km2 (1,027.0/sq mi) in 2021.[2]
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| Source: Statistics Canada[15][16] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ethnicity
| Panethnic group |
2021[17] | 2016[18] | 2011[19] | 2006[20] | 2001[21] | 1996[22] | 1991[23][24] | 1986[25][26][27]: 98 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | ||||
| European[a] | 3,410 | 87.66% | 3,420 | 89.41% | 3,280 | 85.64% | 3,710 | 94.52% | 3,605 | 91.61% | 3,750 | 96.4% | 3,230 | 92.02% | 3,025 | 94.98% | |||
| Indigenous | 235 | 6.04% | 260 | 6.8% | 365 | 9.53% | 125 | 3.18% | 190 | 4.83% | 35 | 0.9% | 180 | 5.13% | 85 | 2.67% | |||
| South Asian | 80 | 2.06% | 40 | 1.05% | 80 | 2.09% | 35 | 0.89% | 45 | 1.14% | 50 | 1.29% | 10 | 0.28% | 30 | 0.94% | |||
| East Asian[b] | 75 | 1.93% | 25 | 0.65% | 0 | 0% | 15 | 0.38% | 35 | 0.89% | 35 | 0.9% | 40 | 1.14% | 35 | 1.1% | |||
| Southeast Asian[c] | 45 | 1.16% | 50 | 1.31% | 40 | 1.04% | 20 | 0.51% | 60 | 1.52% | 10 | 0.26% | 30 | 0.85% | 5 | 0.16% | |||
African
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15 | 0.39% | 20 | 0.52% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.25% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | |||
| Latin American | 10 | 0.26% | 10 | 0.26% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.25% | 10 | 0.26% | 10 | 0.28% | 0 | 0% | |||
| Middle Eastern[d] | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.28% | 5 | 0.16% | |||
| Other/Multiracial[e] | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.26% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 0.25% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | — | — | — | — | |||
| Total responses | 3,890 | 94.6% | 3,825 | 94.47% | 3,830 | 96.11% | 3,925 | 97.25% | 3,935 | 97.06% | 3,890 | 97.4% | 3,510 | 97.23% | 3,185 | 97.04% | |||
| Total population | 4,112 | 100% | 4,049 | 100% | 3,985 | 100% | 4,036 | 100% | 4,054 | 100% | 3,994 | 100% | 3,610 | 100% | 3,282 | 100% | |||
| Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses | |||||||||||||||||||
Religion
According to the 2021 census, religious groups in Grand Forks included:[17]
- Irreligion (2,390 persons or 61.4%)
- Christianity (1,315 persons or 33.8%)
- Sikhism (40 persons or 1.0%)
- Hinduism (30 persons or 0.8%)
- Buddhism (20 persons or 0.5%)
- Islam (10 persons or 0.3%)
- Other (75 persons or 1.9%)
Economy
Major industries in Grand Forks are limited and have become smaller over the past decade with the loss of major industries, such as
Tourism has declined in Grand Forks due to a lack of tourist attractions. However, it is in close proximity to the Okanagan, which is a large tourist destination. Christina Lake, which is 20 minutes east of Grand Forks, is home to many resorts and summer homes and its year round population of 1,000 increases to 6,000 during the summer.
Government
The City of Grand Forks has a seven-person elected council, with Everett Baker currently serving as mayor. The incumbent councillors are: Zak Eburne-Stoodley, Neil Krog, Christine Thompson, David Mark, Deborah Lafleur and Rod Zielinski. Provincially, Grand Forks is located in the constituency of Boundary-Similkameen, where it is represented by MLA Roly Russell and federally it is located in the South Okanagan—West Kootenay riding and represented by MP Richard Cannings.
Transportation
The short-line Grand Forks Railway is based out of Grand Forks. The company owns 3.7 mi (6.0 km) of track, which connects Roxul and Interfor with the Grand Forks Junction at the south end of town. It is the shortest railway in Canada. Train cars then get sent to the United States via the Kettle Falls International Railway.
The city is also served by the Grand Forks Airport.
Climate
Grand Forks experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with a similar climate to the Okanagan Valley to the west. However, the Boundary area usually receives slightly colder and snowier winters and slightly hotter summer temperatures, due to its location away from large lakes. Daytime highs during the summer often top 30 °C (86 °F) and surpass 40 °C (104 °F) at least once every few years. Night temperatures often fall rapidly in summer, and frost is rare but not unheard of in June or September. Winter temperatures are moderately (seldom severely) cold, but definitely mild by Canadian standards. Some years may see only a few light snowfalls and intermittent snow cover, whereas others receive several large snowstorms and snow cover from December to March. Precipitation is higher than many other drier Southern Interior locations, but still fairly low.
The primary vegetation in the Grand Forks area is typical of the Southern BC dry belt. Sagebrush, bunchgrass, prickly pear cactus, arrowleaf balsamroot, ponderosa pine and douglas-fir dominate the valley bottom and south facing slopes. More mountainous species such as bearberry, lodgepole pine, western larch, Engelmann spruce, western red cedar and black cottonwood can be found along the Kettle and Granby Rivers and on north facing slopes.
Though an official weather station no longer exists in Grand Forks, unconfirmed reports suggest the highest temperature ever recorded was in excess of 45 °C (113 °F), possibly as high as 48, on 29 June 2021, during the 2021 Western North America heat wave
| Climate data for Grand Forks | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) |
19.4 (66.9) |
24.0 (75.2) |
31.7 (89.1) |
36.1 (97.0) |
45.0 (113.0) |
42.2 (108.0) |
39.4 (102.9) |
36.7 (98.1) |
30.0 (86.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
45.0 (113.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) |
3.2 (37.8) |
10.1 (50.2) |
15.7 (60.3) |
20.4 (68.7) |
24.1 (75.4) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.7 (83.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
4.3 (39.7) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
14.2 (57.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.6 (25.5) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
4.3 (39.7) |
8.8 (47.8) |
13.2 (55.8) |
16.6 (61.9) |
19.9 (67.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
14.6 (58.3) |
7.5 (45.5) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
8.0 (46.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.7 (19.9) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
1.8 (35.2) |
5.9 (42.6) |
9.2 (48.6) |
11.3 (52.3) |
10.6 (51.1) |
6.1 (43.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
1.9 (35.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.9 (−38.0) |
−34.4 (−29.9) |
−22.8 (−9.0) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
1.1 (34.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−14.0 (6.8) |
−29.0 (−20.2) |
−37.8 (−36.0) |
−38.9 (−38.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 53.1 (2.09) |
32.8 (1.29) |
35.6 (1.40) |
44.9 (1.77) |
60.2 (2.37) |
62.5 (2.46) |
39.3 (1.55) |
29.1 (1.15) |
28.8 (1.13) |
34.7 (1.37) |
55.4 (2.18) |
58.1 (2.29) |
534.3 (21.04) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 16.6 (0.65) |
18.3 (0.72) |
29.6 (1.17) |
44.2 (1.74) |
60.1 (2.37) |
62.5 (2.46) |
39.3 (1.55) |
29.1 (1.15) |
28.8 (1.13) |
33.9 (1.33) |
33.3 (1.31) |
14.5 (0.57) |
410.3 (16.15) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 36.5 (14.4) |
14.5 (5.7) |
5.9 (2.3) |
0.7 (0.3) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.8 (0.3) |
22.1 (8.7) |
43.6 (17.2) |
124.1 (48.9) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 13.7 | 10.0 | 12.2 | 12.5 | 14.5 | 13.4 | 8.7 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 10.4 | 14.9 | 13.4 | 138.2 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 5.9 | 6.8 | 10.9 | 12.4 | 14.5 | 13.4 | 8.7 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 3.8 | 111.8 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 8.9 | 4.3 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 5.5 | 10.4 | 31.5 |
| Source: [28] | |||||||||||||
Sports
| Club | League | Sport | Venue | Established | Championships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grand Forks Border Bruins | KIJHL | Ice Hockey
|
Jack Goddard Memorial Arena | 1969 | 0 |
Education
Schools in the region are operated by
There are two elementary (
Selkirk College, based in Castlegar, has a community campus in Grand Forks. Established in 1966, Selkirk College is BC's oldest community college. Students that study in Grand Forks have access to a variety of courses at both the High School and College level.
Notable residents
- Ron Areshenkoff
- Vasily Balabanov
- Bill Barlee (1932–2012), politician, minister of small business, tourism and culture of British Columbia.
- Canadian Parliament.
- Xiomara De Oliver (born 1967), painter.[29]
- Edward Dmytryk (1908–1999), Hollywood film director.[30]
- Chris Loseth
- Ted Reynolds
- Brian Taylor
Freedom of the City
The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Grand Forks.
 |
Individuals:[31]
- Jock and Betty Ann McKay 14 Sept 2011
- Les Johnson: 20 July 2020
- Larry Seminoff: 15 July 2022
- Gerry Foster: 15 July 2022
See also
- Hardy Mountain Doukhobor Village
- Grand Forks Gazette
- Vancouver, Victoria and Eastern Railway
- Columbia and Western Railway
- Cascade City, British Columbia
Notes
- ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
References
- ^ Meet Your Council – City of Grand Forks
- ^ a b c "Grand Forks, British Columbia (Code 5905032) Census Profile". 2021 census. Government of Canada - Statistics Canada. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
- ^ "Nelson Star, 25 Oct 2014". nelsonstar.com.
- ^ "Name Details: Grand Forks (City)". GeoBC. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
- ^ "Arts, Culture & Heritage". City of Grand Forks. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
- ^ "British Columbia". Census of Canada, 1931. Ottawa: Government of Canada. 1932. p. 193.
- ^ "Nelson Star, 2 Nov 2014". nelsonstar.com.
- ^ "Portland Strike Fund Report". Industrial Union Bulletin. Vol. 1, no. 8. 20 April 1907. p. 3.
- ^ "Grand Forks Gazette, 10 Jun 2020". nelsonstar.com.
- 2021 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. 4 February 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- 2016 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. 12 August 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- 2011 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
- 2006 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. 20 August 2019.
- 2001 Canadian Census. Statistics Canada. 18 July 2021.
- ISBN 9780774815451.
- ^ "British Columbia – Municipal Census Populations (1921–2011)". BC Stats. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 October 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 November 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (20 August 2019). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2 July 2019). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (4 June 2019). "Electronic Area Profiles Profile of Census Divisions and Subdivisions, 1996 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (29 March 2019). "1991 Census Area Profiles Profile of Census Divisions and Subdivisions - Part B". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (29 March 2019). "Data tables, 1991 Census Population by Ethnic Origin (24), Showing Single and Multiple Origins (2) - Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 June 2019). "Data tables, 1986 Census Census Profile for Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 1986 Census - Part A". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 June 2019). "Data tables, 1986 Census Census Profile for Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 1986 Census - Part B". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (3 April 2013). "Canada's aboriginal population by census subdivisions from the 1986 Census of Canada". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
- ^ "Calculation Information for 1981 to 2010 Canadian Normals Data". Environment Canada. Archived from the original on 6 April 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
- ^ "De Oliver, Xiomara". Le Delarge -Le dictionnaire des arts plastiques modernes et contemporains (in French). Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "Obituary: Edward Dmytryk". The Independent. 22 October 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ^ "Grand Forks City Council Awards Freedom of the City". The Grand Forks Gazette. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
External links
- Official website
Grand Forks travel guide from Wikivoyage
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