Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | ||
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Composer(s) Michael Hunter | | |
Series | Grand Theft Auto | |
Engine | RenderWare | |
Platform(s) |
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Release | ||
multiplayer |
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is a 2004 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It is the seventh title in the Grand Theft Auto series, following 2002's Grand Theft Auto: Vice City. Set within the fictional state of San Andreas, the game follows Carl "CJ" Johnson, who returns home after his mother's murder and finds his old gang has lost much of their territory. Over the course of the game, he attempts to re-establish the gang, clashes with corrupt authorities and powerful criminals, and gradually unravels the truth behind his mother's murder.
The game is played from a
The game received critical acclaim for its characters, narrative, open world design, and visual fidelity, but mixed responses towards its mission design, technical issues, and portrayal of race. It generated controversy when the discovery of the "
Gameplay
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is an
Players may run, swim, and use vehicles to navigate the world,
In the world, players can fight for territory by attacking rival gang members; the territory is won when players survive three waves of responding enemy attacks. Won territories are subject to periodic enemy gang attacks—they must be successfully defended or else lost.
Plot
In 1992, after five years in
Sweet, who was wounded in the ambush, is imprisoned while Tenpenny exiles CJ to the countryside and forces him to eliminate witnesses to C.R.A.S.H.'s corruption. CJ befriends a hippie named the Truth (Peter Fonda) and Triad leader Wu Zi Mu (James Yaegashi). He participates in a street race and wins a garage in San Fierro, which he sets up to earn money, and crosses paths with the Loco Syndicate, Smoke and Ryder's drug connection. Infiltrating the organisation, he identifies its leader: the mysterious Mike Toreno (James Woods). Alongside Cesar and the Triad, CJ kills Ryder and the other Loco Syndicate leaders, and destroys their drug factory. CJ is contacted by Toreno, who survived his attack and reveals himself to be an undercover government agent, enlisting CJ's help in several shady operations in exchange for Sweet's release from prison. Meanwhile, CJ and Wu Zi Mu establish a casino in Las Venturas and clash against a rival, Mafia-run casino.
After his release, Sweet and CJ revive the GSF, driving off the rival gangs from their territory and rebuilding throughout Los Santos. Tenpenny is arrested and tried for several felonies, but the charges are dropped due to lack of witnesses, prompting a city-wide riot. CJ soon discovers Smoke's hideout. The two engage in a gunfight; CJ wins, and before dying, Smoke confesses he got caught up with the power and money. Tenpenny arrives, holding CJ at gunpoint while he steals Smoke's drug money, and causes an explosion in the building to escape. He drives off in a fire truck, followed by CJ and Sweet, but eventually loses control of the vehicle, crashing over the side of a bridge overlooking Grove Street. CJ and his friends watch as Tenpenny dies of his injuries. In the aftermath, CJ's family and friends celebrate their success at the Johnson house. In the midst of the celebrations, CJ leaves to check on the neighbourhood.
Development
Rockstar North began development of San Andreas following the release of Grand Theft Auto: Vice City in October 2002. Having two years of development, as opposed to one year for Vice City, gave the team more opportunity to experiment and reevaluate the previous games.[19] Producer Leslie Benzies hoped San Andreas would redefine the Grand Theft Auto series and "revolutionize open-ended gameplay and video game production values".[20] Rockstar Games's The Warriors, scheduled to release in 2004, was delayed to 2005 to provide additional resources to San Andreas.[21] San Andreas had an estimated budget of under US$10 million.[22]
Rockstar North's minimal turnover since the development of Grand Theft Auto (1997) allowed them familiarity with the series.[23]: 57 Some developers were concerned about working conditions at Rockstar during the development of San Andreas as they were unable to take an adequate break after Vice City. Programmer Gary Foreman feared the company had entered a "constant crunch", as some developers worked for 17 hours per day.[24]: 138 Some stepped away after disagreements with Rockstar president Sam Houser about working conditions,[24]: 139–141, 160 and one veteran employee quit in objection to the portrayal of African Americans and what he perceived to be a gloomier and more exploitative tone in Rockstar's output, particularly San Andreas and Rockstar North's previous game Manhunt (2003).[24]: 167
Technical and open world design
We love L.A., and the whole gangbanging vibe, and the street culture. That time [early '90s] in L.A. is so important and we knew a long time ago that the franchise needed to end up there. We'd done the East Coast in GTA3, and then '80s Miami with Vice City, so going to L.A. in the early '90s just seemed like an obvious place for us to go.
Dan Houser, in an interview with Electronic Gaming Monthly in January 2005[25]
San Andreas's cities are inspired by real locations: Los Santos by Los Angeles, San Fierro by San Francisco, and Las Venturas by Las Vegas.[7][26]: 44 Early in development, the team travelled to each city for research and photography,[27]: 61 [28]: 40 including Los Angeles's gang territory, which art director Aaron Garbut felt was difficult to capture without first-hand experience.[19] Rockstar's New York-based research team took thousands of photographs and video.[19][27]: 61 The world is 36 square kilometres (14 sq mi),[29] about four to six times larger than Grand Theft Auto III and Vice City's;[26]: 44 each city in San Andreas is approximately as large as Vice City.[30] Garbut faced more difficulty familiarising San Andreas's map than its predecessors'.[27]: 61 The team wanted all elements—including packaging and marketing—to maintain a consistent theme to ensure players felt they were connected.[31][32]: 47
Benzies felt the developer's relationship with Los Angeles natives Estevan Oriol, Mister Cartoon, and DJ Pooh assisted imitation of the city's 1990s street culture.[28] The team wanted to ensure the world did not look too "toy-towny" nor too precise,[31] seeking "depth" over quantitative size; Garbut wanted players to "feel like [they] can stop at any point and discover new things".[19] In-game locations were inspired by real areas, such as Los Santos's suburbs by Compton, California, and San Fierro's bridges by the Golden Gate Bridge.[33] The team were enthusiastic about the inclusion of mountains, forests, and a desert—firsts for the series.[19][34] San Fierro's hills, representative of San Francisco's, were intended to draw focus towards vehicle gameplay,[26]: 45 and the open countryside driving was inspired from a technical perspective by Rockstar's Smuggler's Run (2002).[35]: 42 Producer and co-writer Dan Houser felt returning to Los Santos in the narrative's third and final act allowed players to view it differently.[36]: 122
San Andreas was built using the game engine RenderWare.[37]: 74 Its render pipeline was rewritten for increased graphics and scope,[31] allowing 35–50% more polygons on screen,[37]: 74 real-time reflections and volumetric lighting, and unique models for day and night.[26]: 45 According to Garbut, the world is built with around 16,000 unique objects and buildings.[27]: 61 Several models share a single low-detail model, allowing them to be loaded as players traverse the map instead of being interrupted by a loading screen like in Vice City.[36]: 122 Textures were created at a high resolution and scaled down for platforms unable to handle them.[29] Remodelled systems allowed different lighting sets for day and night.[19] The driving physics were reworked in consideration of the more open areas.[31] Manhunt inspired San Andreas's stealth elements,[32]: 49 and the "physicality" of Manhunt's targeting and gun gameplay was adapted to the open world formula.[38] Scripting advancements allowed gameplay features not possible in predecessors, such as the casino games.[29]
Story and characters
Several historical events influenced the narrative, including the
While the stories are largely unconnected, San Andreas concluded a trilogy that started with Grand Theft Auto III, allowing Rockstar to explore the 1980s (Vice City), 1990s (San Andreas), and early 2000s (III).
Sam Houser sought an unknown actor for CJ as he found Ray Liotta's performance as Tommy Vercetti in Vice City "conflicting" due to his familiarity with Liotta's previous work. He opted to cast celebrities in secondary roles, such as Jackson as Tenpenny, and felt Young Maylay's obscurity in the industry made CJ feel "very, very human".[49] Rockstar asked Young Maylay to audition after overhearing him speak with DJ Pooh; he was cast in the role—his first acting performance—a few weeks after auditioning.[50]: 41 He felt the developers gave him freedom to insert his own personality into CJ.[51] They aimed for CJ to be their "most human" character, ensuring he had "the most intense story around him" to allow players to identify.[23]: 54 DJ Pooh compared CJ to Tupac Shakur in his fierce dedication to family but ability to become "cold-blooded" when necessary.[52]: 49 The team felt the ability to adjust CJ's weight helped players feel their actions could have consequences.[38] Dan Houser felt CJ's customisability allowed players to better connect with the characters.[26]: 50 The focus on several communities was prompted by the variety of the West Coast in the 1990s.[38]
Music
Rockstar partnered with
Release and promotion
In October 2003, Rockstar's parent company
In October 2004, an early version of the game was leaked by hackers;[70] Rockstar asserted it would "aggressively pursue this matter" and asked for information.[71] The game was released for the PlayStation 2 in October 2004.[68] A special edition version was published for the PlayStation 2 on 8 October 2005, featuring Rockstar's debut documentary film Sunday Driver, about a lowrider car club in Compton.[72] It also included The Introduction,[73] an in-engine video previously provided on a DVD with the game's soundtrack.[57] The 21-minute video chronicles the events leading up to San Andreas, featuring CJ, Sweet, Big Smoke, Ryder, and Tenpenny.[74] GameSpot recommended the film for fans of the series;[75] IGN's Chris Carle enjoyed the voice acting but found the narrative uncompelling and felt the film alone was not worth purchasing the special edition.[73] Capcom published the game in Japan on 25 January 2007.[76][77]
Reception
Critical response
Aggregator | Score |
---|---|
Metacritic | 95/100[78] |
Publication | Score |
---|---|
Electronic Gaming Monthly | 10/10[79] |
Eurogamer | 9/10[80] |
Game Informer | 10/10[82] |
GameRevolution | A[81] |
GameSpot | 9.6/10[3] |
GameSpy | 100/100[83] |
IGN | 9.9/10[10] |
PALGN | 9/10[84] |
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas received "universal acclaim" from critics, according to review aggregator
Several reviewers considered San Andreas's world an improvement over its predecessors',
Game Informer's Reiner considered gameplay a dramatic improvement over previous entries.
Several critics considered the narrative the series' best to date,[10][84] which Eurogamer's Kristan Reed attributed to its focus on dialogue and scene-setting, both in and out of cutscenes.[89] Game Informer's Matt Miller enjoyed the narrative's ridicule of modern culture.[82] Some reviewers compared the story to Hollywood films and similar popular culture;[82][97] PSM2's Dawkins felt the finale "outstrips the collected work" of filmmakers Jerry Bruckheimer and Don Simpson.[92] Critics praised the cast's performances, particularly that of Young Maylay, Samuel L. Jackson, James Woods, and David Cross.[3][82][95] Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine's John Davison considered CJ "possibly one of the most well-developed and believable videogame characters ever made" due to his layered personality and realistic behaviour;[91] 1Up.com's Parish concurred but felt CJ's kind nature made his in-game actions less believable, a problem that may have been circumvented through a branching narrative.[97]
Some critics and scholars criticised the game for perpetuating
Windows and Xbox versions
Aggregator | Score | |
---|---|---|
PC | Xbox | |
Metacritic | 93/100[78] | 93/100[78] |
Publication | Score | |
---|---|---|
PC | Xbox | |
GamePro | 4.5/5[107] | 4.5/5[107] |
GameSpot | 9/10[11] | 9.2[108] |
GameSpy | 5/5[109] | 5/5[110] |
GameZone | 9.2/10[111] | 9.6/10[112] |
IGN | 9.3/10[113] | 9.5/10[114] |
PALGN | 9/10[115] | 8.5/10[116] |
San Andreas's June 2005 release for Windows and Xbox received "universal acclaim" according to Metacritic.
PALGN's Matt Keller considered the Windows release the best version of the game.
GameZone's Eduardo Zacarias called the Xbox release the "definitive version of the game",
Mobile version
Aggregator | Score |
---|---|
Metacritic | 84/100[78] |
Publication | Score |
---|---|
IGN | 8.3/10[128] |
Pocket Gamer | 4.5/5[129] |
TouchArcade | 5/5[130] |
Digital Spy | 3/5[131] |
San Andreas's mobile version received "generally favorable" reviews according to Metacritic.[78] TouchArcade's Eli Hodapp considered it "the best the game has ever been",[130] while Digital Spy's Scott Nichols said it was "easily the worst way to experience" the game, only recommending that players with newer mobile hardware consider purchasing.[131] Its US$6.99 price point was praised.[128][130][132][133]
Reviewers praised the port's graphical enhancements, including increased draw distance, improved frame rates and load times, and enhanced models, reflections, shadows, and lighting,
Accolades
San Andreas won four of its five nominations at the
San Andreas was named 2004's best game by GamesMaster[141] and runner-up by PSM.[142] It won PlayStation 2 Game of the Year and Best Game Within a Game (for pool) from Electronic Gaming Monthly,[143] Best PlayStation 2 Game, Best Action Adventure Game, Best Voice Acting, and Funniest Game from GameSpot,[144][145][146][147] Best Action Game and Best Story for PlayStation 2 from IGN,[148][149] and Best Replay Value and Best Voice Acting from PSM.[142]
Award | Date | Category | Recipient(s) and nominee(s) | Result | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
British Academy Games Awards | 1 March 2005 | Best Game | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Nominated | [136] |
Action Game | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Nominated | |||
Animation | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Nominated | |||
PS2 | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Nominated | |||
Sunday Times Reader Award for Games
|
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Nominated | |||
Game Audio Network Guild Awards | 10 March 2005 | Best Use of Licensed Music | Craig Conner, Tim Sweeney | Won | [150] |
Best Dialogue | Dan Houser | Won | |||
Game Developers Choice Awards | 9 March 2005 | Best Game | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Nominated | [137] |
Excellence in Audio | Craig Conner, Allan Walker | Nominated | |||
Game Design | Leslie Benzies, Adam Fowler, Aaron Garbut, Sam Houser, Alexander Roger, Obbe Vermeij | Nominated | |||
Writing | Dan Houser, James Worrall | Nominated | |||
Golden Joystick Awards | 5 November 2004 | Most Wanted Game for Xmas | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Won | [151] |
4 November 2005 | Ultimate Game of the Year
|
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Won | [139] | |
PlayStation 2 Game of the Year | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Won | |||
Best Game Soundtrack of 2005 | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Won | |||
Hero of 2005 | Carl "CJ" Johnson
|
Won | |||
Villain of 2005 | Officer Tenpenny | Won | |||
G-Phoria | 29 July 2005 | Best Licensed Soundtrack | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Won | [152] |
Game of the Year | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Nominated | [153] | ||
Best Action Game | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Nominated | |||
Best Voice Performance – Male | Samuel L. Jackson | Nominated | |||
Young Maylay | Nominated | ||||
Favorite Character | CJ | Nominated | |||
Interactive Achievement Awards
|
1 February 2005 | Console Action/Adventure Game of the Year | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Won | [140] |
Outstanding Achievement in Soundtrack | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Won | |||
Game of the Year | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Nominated | |||
Console Game of the Year | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Nominated | |||
Outstanding Achievement in Game Design | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Nominated | |||
Outstanding Achievement in Character or Story Development | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Nominated | |||
Spike Video Game Awards | 14 December 2004 | Game of the Year | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Won | [135] |
Best Performance by a Human Male | Samuel L. Jackson as Frank Tenpenny | Won | |||
Best Action Game | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Won | |||
Best Soundtrack | Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas | Won | |||
Designer of the Year | Sam Houser and Rockstar North | Nominated | [154] |
Sales
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas sold 4.5 million copies in its first week,[155] outselling Vice City by 45%.[156] In the United States, it sold 2.06 million units within six days of release[157] and generated US$235 million in revenue in its first week;[158] it sold 1.5 million units in November, totalling 3.6 million sales overall. Analysts noted the game, alongside Halo 2, led the industry to an 11% annual increase instead of a 21% decrease.[159] In the United Kingdom, it sold an estimated 677,000 copies and grossed about £24 million within two days, setting the record for the most copies sold during a weekend,[160] and over 1 million copies and £35 million in nine days, becoming the country's fast-selling game.[161] In Australia, it sold over 58,000 copies in its opening weekend, becoming the country's eleventh-best-selling game.[162]
San Andreas was 2004's best-selling game, with 5.1 million copies sold in the United States,[163] and over 1.75 million in the United Kingdom.[164] The game topped the charts upon release in Japan, selling over 227,000 units in its first week.[165] It was the best-selling game in the United States by April 2008, with over 8.6 million units sold,[166] and the best-selling PlayStation 2 game with 17.33 million units sold by 2009.[48] Worldwide sales reached 12 million units by March 2005,[167] 21.5 million by April 2008[166] and 27.5 million by 2011.[168]
"Hot Coffee" controversy
The development team curtailed planned nudity and sexual content to meet the requirements for a "Mature" rating from the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB); rather than removing the content, they made it inaccessible to players. Modders discovered the code on the PlayStation 2 release, and modder Patrick Wildenborg found how to enable the code after the Windows release. He released this modified code online under the name "Hot Coffee" after the euphemism used in the game, and it was downloaded over one million times within four weeks.[169] The discovery of "Hot Coffee" resulted in legal backlash for Rockstar and Take-Two; both remained mostly silent on the matter.[24]: 203–208 The ESRB re-rated the game "Adults Only" after an investigation,[170] while the game was banned in Australia until the explicit content was removed.[171] Rockstar and Take-Two received a warning from the Federal Trade Commission for failing to disclose the extent of graphic content present,[172] while a class action lawsuit alleged that the company had misled customers who believed the game's content fell along the lines of a "Mature" rating.[173][174] As a result of "Hot Coffee", the ESRB announced fines of up to US$1 million for game developers who failed to disclose the extent of their graphic content.[175]
Legacy
Critics agreed that San Andreas was among
Several moments from the game became common internet memes, such as Big Smoke's extensive fast food order in 2016[184][185][186] and one of CJ's first lines—"Ah shit, here we go again"—in April 2019.[187][188][189] An early mission, "Wrong Side of the Tracks", became notable for its difficulty; Big Smoke's dialogue upon failing the mission—"All we had to do was follow the damn train, CJ!"—was considered an iconic catchphrase[190][191][192] and later referenced in Grand Theft Auto V.[193] Modders have been known to frequently insert CJ into other games, such as Dark Souls (2011), The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (2017), and Street Fighter 6 (2023).[194][195][196]
Ports
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas was released for Windows and the
San Andreas was bundled with predecessors Grand Theft Auto III and Vice City in a compilation titled
A mobile port of San Andreas, developed by
Notes
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